Calidad y aptitud de uso agrícola y doméstico del agua del acuífero del río Sinaloa, porción costera

The Guasave valley, Sinaloa is mainly agricultural. There are rural communities that supply water for domestic use from local wells. Economic and social activities occurring on this valley demand water, so that water extraction has shifted to the coastal zone. For this reason, it is important to know the natural mechanisms that control the water chemical composition, its quality, its impact on the ground and its temporal variation in response to its suitability for agricultural or domestic use. To determine the mechanism controlling the water chemistry, the Gibbs diagram was used and it was found that the dominant mechanism is evaporation-weathering. Regarding the domestic use of water, PHASECH quality index was used, finding that water quality is only acceptable near the Sinaloa river. Concerning the suitability for agricultural water use, Wilcox diagram was employed and only 48% the water in the area was classified from good to admissible. Regarding the risk of soil salinization or sodification, the salinity diagram of the U. S. Department of Agriculture was used and it was observed that 35% of the water was located in the C3S1 area. The interrelationship between total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity of water was EC = 1.65 TDS. In addition, it is concluded that the Sinaloa river aquifer is highly sensitive to salinity due its coastal character and the presence of evaporitic bodies far away from the coastline, therefore the threat of saltwater intrusion during a dry period is latent. The presence of the Sinaloa river is an important recharging element that keeps groundwater in suitable conditions for agriculture and very close to those required for domestic use.El valle de Guasave, Sinaloa, es eminentemente agrícola y cuenta con comunidades rurales que se abastecen de agua para su uso doméstico mediante pozos ubicados en sus predios. La actividad económica y social de dicho valle demanda agua para ambas actividades, por lo que su extracción se ha desplazado hacia la zona costera, siendo importante conocer los mecanismos naturales que controlan la composición química del agua, su calidad, su variación temporal atendiendo a la aptitud de uso agrícola o doméstica. Para determinar el mecanismo que controla la composición química del agua se utilizó el diagrama de Gibbs, encontrándose que el mecanismo dominante es por evaporizaciónmeteorización. Respecto al agua para uso doméstico se utilizó el índice de calidad PHASECH, encontrándose que el agua cumple con el mismo sólo en las proximidades del río Sinaloa. En cuanto a la aptitud de uso agrícola del agua se utilizó el diagrama de Wilcox, encontrándose que sólo el 48% del agua de la zona se clasifica como buena a admisible. En cuanto al riesgo de salinización o sodificación del suelo por el uso del agua de riego, se usó el diagrama de salinidad del Departamento de Agricultura de Estados Unidos de Norteamérica, encontrándose que el 35% del agua se ubica en la zona C3S1. La relación obtenida entre los sólidos totales disueltos y la conductividad eléctrica del agua, fue EC = 1.65 STD. Se concluye además, que el acuífero del río Sinaloa es altamente sensible a la salinización por su carácter costero y presencia de cuerpos evaporíticos alejados de la línea de costa, por lo que, el peligro de intrusión salina ante un periodo de sequía es latente. La presencia del río Sinaloa es un elemento relevante de recarga que permite mantener el agua subterránea en condiciones aptas para la agricultura y muy cercanas a las requeridas para uso doméstico

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| < 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Measurement of the Splitting Function in &ITpp &ITand Pb-Pb Collisions at root&ITsNN&IT=5.02 TeV

Data from heavy ion collisions suggest that the evolution of a parton shower is modified by interactions with the color charges in the dense partonic medium created in these collisions, but it is not known where in the shower evolution the modifications occur. The momentum ratio of the two leading partons, resolved as subjets, provides information about the parton shower evolution. This substructure observable, known as the splitting function, reflects the process of a parton splitting into two other partons and has been measured for jets with transverse momentum between 140 and 500 GeV, in pp and PbPb collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair. In central PbPb collisions, the splitting function indicates a more unbalanced momentum ratio, compared to peripheral PbPb and pp collisions.. The measurements are compared to various predictions from event generators and analytical calculations.Peer reviewe

Measurement of nuclear modification factors of gamma(1S)), gamma(2S), and gamma(3S) mesons in PbPb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

The cross sections for ϒ(1S), ϒ(2S), and ϒ(3S) production in lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV have been measured using the CMS detector at the LHC. The nuclear modification factors, RAA, derived from the PbPb-to-pp ratio of yields for each state, are studied as functions of meson rapidity and transverse momentum, as well as PbPb collision centrality. The yields of all three states are found to be significantly suppressed, and compatible with a sequential ordering of the suppression, RAA(ϒ(1S)) > RAA(ϒ(2S)) > RAA(ϒ(3S)). The suppression of ϒ(1S) is larger than that seen at √sNN = 2.76 TeV, although the two are compatible within uncertainties. The upper limit on the RAA of ϒ(3S) integrated over pT, rapidity and centrality is 0.096 at 95% confidence level, which is the strongest suppression observed for a quarkonium state in heavy ion collisions to date. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP3.Peer reviewe

Electroweak production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions root s =13 TeV

A measurement of the electroweak (EW) production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV is presented, based on data recorded in 2016 by the CMS experiment at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The measurement is performed in the lljj final state with l including electrons and muons, and the jets j corresponding to the quarks produced in the hard interaction. The measured cross section in a kinematic region defined by invariant masses m(ll) > 50 GeV, m(jj) > 120 GeV, and transverse momenta P-Tj > 25 GeV is sigma(EW) (lljj) = 534 +/- 20 (stat) fb (syst) fb, in agreement with leading-order standard model predictions. The final state is also used to perform a search for anomalous trilinear gauge couplings. No evidence is found and limits on anomalous trilinear gauge couplings associated with dimension-six operators are given in the framework of an effective field theory. The corresponding 95% confidence level intervals are -2.6 <cwww/Lambda(2) <2.6 TeV-2 and -8.4 <cw/Lambda(2) <10.1 TeV-2. The additional jet activity of events in a signal-enriched region is also studied, and the measurements are in agreement with predictions.Peer reviewe

Probing effective field theory operators in the associated production of top quarks with a Z boson in multilepton final states at root s=13 TeV

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Measurement of b jet shapes in proton-proton collisions at root s=5.02 TeV

We present the first study of charged-hadron production associated with jets originating from b quarks in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The data sample used in this study was collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 27.4 pb(-1). To characterize the jet substructure, the differential jet shapes, defined as the normalized transverse momentum distribution of charged hadrons as a function of angular distance from the jet axis, are measured for b jets. In addition to the jet shapes, the per-jet yields of charged particles associated with b jets are also quantified, again as a function of the angular distance with respect to the jet axis. Extracted jet shape and particle yield distributions for b jets are compared with results for inclusive jets, as well as with the predictions from the pythia and herwig++ event generators.Peer reviewe

Search for anomalous couplings in boosted WW/WZ -> l nu q(q)over-bar production in proton-proton collisions at root s=8TeV

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Measurement of t(t)over-bar normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

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