Obesity and Eating Disorders: Perceptions of Dieting Behaviours

Current public health discourse conceptualizes obesity as an illness, and weight loss and/or weight control are then by definition the treatment. Socio-economic status, experiences of social stigma and prejudicial medical care, a history of dieting attempts, and stress have been shown to moderate the relationship between higher weights and poor health. Additionally, weight loss practices in and of themselves are harmful to physical and psychological health. The risks of body dissatisfaction and the pursuit of weight loss are well demonstrated in developing eating pathology. This study investigated if perceptions of dieting behaviour of a hypothetical target are influenced by the target’s body weight, participant belief in weight controllability, and being presented with different health messages regarding body weight. 402 female university students completed this (2 x 2 x 2) experimental study in which they were randomly assigned to receive one of two weight and health messages (weight based model of health vs. Health at Every Size), and randomly assigned to receive one of four scenarios depicting a hypothetical person ‘Jody.’ Jody was depicted as either normal weight or obese, and as either dieting or not dieting and participants completed a questionnaire about their perceptions of Jody and her attitudes and behaviours. Participants also completed a demographic questionnaire, the Antifat Attitudes Test, the Social Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire, and the Restraint Scale. Results demonstrated that the lack of dieting behaviour in thinner Jody was almost universally seen as unhealthy, but if she was heavier there was much more variance in the perceptions of her health and her lack of weight control behaviours. Qualitative responses demonstrated that obese Jody’s dieting behaviour would be seen by participants as an eating disorder if she was thinner, and that her weight concern and pursuit of weight loss was positive, but her methods were too extreme. Participants would view her dieting behaviour differently based on her body size, with dieting being seen as negative or unhealthy if she were normal weight or thin, but if she were overweight or obese a lack of restrictive dieting is negative and unhealthy. Belief in weight controllability and prejudicial attitudes about body weight were related to perceiving the lack of dieting behaviours as risky regardless of Jody’s body size, and antifat attitudes were related to perceiving Jody as a person more negatively (unattractive, lazy, stupid) when she was obese. Those who were presented with the weight based model of health message were more likely to perceive non-restrictive behaviours as negative (regardless of Jody’s body weight). Results also suggest that participants were more likely to perceive obese Jody as Black, and as living in poverty, with participants more likely to perceive normal weight Jody as having a higher socioeconomic status. Although it was hypothesized that the dieting behaviours of obese Jody would be perceived as healthy, the key finding was actually in regard to perceptions of her lack of dieting. When Jody was not dieting and normal weight she was seen as healthy and praised for her positive behaviours, but when her BMI was obese and she was not dieting, there was considerable uncertainty as to her health, solely based on her body weight. This study also demonstrates the enigmatic notion of an ‘ideal’ or ‘in between’ in terms of body image and pursuit of weight loss. Too much body hatred was seen as negative, but too much body love was also regarded as negative. There is a paradoxical belief that somehow a person can love their body, but at the same time should still try to change it

Body Weight, Sexual History, and Rape: Attitudes of Future Health Care Providers

This study examines victim blaming for body weight and victim blaming for rape. This study aims to bring these two research strands together to examine victim blaming attitudes towards overweight rape victims. Weight stigma and victim blaming are significant problems in health care, so a sample of future health care providers were recruited to examine their attitudes towards rape victims depending on weight and sexual history. Hypothetical patient files were presented, followed by a questionnaire assessing victim blaming attitudes. Results indicated that sexual history still has a strong influence on victim blaming (more so for men than women), and that patient weight did not influence participants\u27 attitudes towards patients. A three-way interaction was found which indicated that sexual history did not influence attitudes towards overweight patients, but that men and women had opposite reactions to normal weight patients. Limitations, future directions, and implications of this research are discussed

Gigantocellular arteritis of the vertebral arteries as a cause of ishemic stroke

Gigantocelularni arteritis, temporalni arteritis ili Horton\u27s arteritis je sistemski vaskulitis i kronična upalna bolest velikih i srednje velikih krvnih žila. Uglavnom zahvaća temporalne arterije, esktrakranijski dio karotidnih arterija, torakalnu i abdominalnu aortu. Obostrana okluzija vertebralnih arterija je rijetka i ozbiljna manifestacija gigantocelularnog arteritisa. U radu smo prikazali bolesnicu koja je tri tjedna prije bolničke obrade razvila neurološke ispade, glavobolju, vrtoglavicu, otežan hod i gubitak ravnoteže. Za vrijeme boravka na odjelu učinjena je laboratorijska obrada, patološki nalazi su bili ubrzana sedimentacija eritrocita, povišeni C reaktivni protein, leukocitoza i trombocitoza. Neuroradiološkom obradom dokazani su obostrano okcipitalno ishemijski infarkti. Klinička slika, laboratorijski nalazi i neuroradiološka obrada upućuju na cerebralni vaskulitis. Tijek bolesti je dodatno kompliciran razvojem pneumonije, što je rezultiralo smrtnim ishodom. Konačna dijagnoza gigantocelularnog arteritisa vertebralnih arterija potvrđena je obdukcijom i patohistološkom dijagnostikom.Gigantocellular arteritis, temporal arteritis or Horton’s arteritis is a systemic vasculitis and a chronic inflammatory disease of large and medium-sized blood vessels, especially the temporal arteries, the extracranial part of the carotid arteries, the thoracic and the abdominal arteries. Bilateral vertebral artery occlusion is a rare and serious manifestation of gigantocellular arteritis. The paper reviews the case of a patient hospitalized three weeks after the onset of neurological symptoms, headache, vertigo, gait instability and sight loss. Pathological laboratory tests indicated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, elevated C-Reactive Protein, fibrinogen, thrombocytosis and leukocytosis. Clinical presentations, the course of the disease and a bilateral infarction of the posterior circulation confirmed by a brain computerized tomography scan, indicated possible cerebral arteritis, therefore corticosteroid therapy was introduced. The disease was complicated by the development of pneumonia, resulting in the death of the patient. A diagnosis gigantocellular arteritis of the vertebral arteries was definitely confirmed through autopsy and pathohistological analysis

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in root s(NN)=2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production in central and semi-central root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as nu(ch)(2) (jet). Jet finding is performed employing the anti-k(T) algorithm with a resolution parameter R = 0.2 using charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero nu(ch)(2) (jet) is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50% centrality) for 20 <p(T)(ch) (jet) <90 GeV/c. The azimuthal dependence of the charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements of the nu(2) of single charged particles at high p(T). Good agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is found in semi-central collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Forward-central two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles in the forward pseudorapidity range (2.5 2GeV/c. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B. V.Peer reviewe

Event-shape engineering for inclusive spectra and elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV

Peer reviewe

Ružička days : International conference 16th Ružička Days “Today Science – Tomorrow Industry” : Proceedings

Proceedings contains articles presented at Conference divided into sections: open lecture (1), chemical analysis and synthesis (3), chemical and biochemical engineering (8), food technology and biotechnology (8), medical chemistry and pharmacy (3), environmental protection (11) and meeting of young chemists (2)