553 research outputs found
Quantum Fiel Theoretic Treatment of the Non-Forward Compton Amplitude in the Generalized Bjorken Region
A quantum field theoretic treatment of the leading light-cone part of the
virtual Compton amplitude is presented. The twist-decomposition of the
operators is performed by a group-theoretic procedure respecting the Lorentz
group O(3,1). The twist-2 contributions to the Compton amplitude are calculated
and it is shown that the electromagnetic current is conserved for these terms.
Relations between the amplitude functions associated to the symmetric and
asymmetric part of the Compton amplitude are derived. These relations
generalize the Callan-Gross and Wandzura-Wilczek relations of forward
scattering for the non-forward Compton amplitude.Comment: 7 pages LATEX, 1 style file, DESY 00-045, Contribution to the
Proceedings of `Loops and Legs in Quantum Field Theory', Bastei, Germany,
April 2000, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) (2000) to appea
PhenomicDB: a new cross-species genotype/phenotype resource
Phenotypes are an important subject of biomedical research for which many repositories have already been created. Most of these databases are either dedicated to a single species or to a single disease of interest. With the advent of technologies to generate phenotypes in a high-throughput manner, not only is the volume of phenotype data growing fast but also the need to organize these data in more useful ways. We have created PhenomicDB (freely available at ), a multi-species genotype/phenotype database, which shows phenotypes associated with their corresponding genes and grouped by gene orthologies across a variety of species. We have enhanced PhenomicDB recently by additionally incorporating quantitative and descriptive RNA interference (RNAi) screening data, by enabling the usage of phenotype ontology terms and by providing information on assays and cell lines. We envision that integration of classical phenotypes with high-throughput data will bring new momentum and insights to our understanding. Modern analysis tools under development may help exploiting this wealth of information to transform it into knowledge and, eventually, into novel therapeutic approaches
Gauge Unification in Supersymmetric Intersecting Brane Worlds
We show that contrary to first expectations realistic three generation
supersymmetric intersecting brane world models give rise to phenomenologically
interesting predictions about gauge coupling unification. Assuming the most
economical way of realizing the matter content of the MSSM via intersecting
branes we obtain a model independent relation among the three gauge coupling
constants at the string scale. In order to correctly reproduce the
experimentally known values of sin^2[theta_W(M_z)] and alpha_s(M_z) this
relation leads to natural gauge coupling unification at a string scale close to
the standard GUT scale 2 x 10^16 GeV. Additional vector-like matter can push
the unification scale up to the Planck scale.Comment: 18 pages, harvmac & 3 figures; v2: one ref. adde
Analytical fuselage structure mass estimation using the PANDORA framework
Air traffic emissions have a significant impact on our environment and on the climate change. Since 2020, multiple research activities have been conducted at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in the project âExploration of Electric Aircraft Concepts and Technologiesâ (EXACT) to analyse the potential of eco-efficient aircraft concepts to reduce emissions. To handle the complexity on aircraft pre-design level, the usage of multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) workflows and a common aircraft description format are an established procedure at DLR. The framework âRemote Component Environmentâ (RCE, [1]) is used to build MDO-workflows while the aircraft is described using the âCommon Parametric Aircraft Configuration Schemaâ (CPACS, [2]).
Different specific disciplines for aircraft design are part of the EXACT project to assess hybrid-electric aircraft concepts including the estimation of flight performance, loads and structural masses of the aircraft. At the Institute for Structures and Design (BT) the primary fuselage structural mass is estimated for different aircraft concepts using fast analytical methods based on the fuselage geometry, the definition of primary structures like frames and stringers and the application of cut-loads on the fuselage for different loadcases. This capability is implemented in the Python-based modelling and sizing framework called âParametric Numerical Design and Optimization Routines for Aircraftâ (PANDORA, [3]), which is under development since 2016.
The PANDORA environment integrates developments like generating finite element (FE) models of aircraft based on CPACS parameters, converting FE models between different solver formats, creating and editing CPACS models and numerical as well as analytical sizing of aircraft models. In addition, more detailed FE models with different discretization approaches can be generated for crash and ditching simulations (EASN 2021 [4]).
An overview of the PANDORA framework and some results of the EXACT project are given in this presentation
The Virtual Compton Amplitude in the Generalized Bjorken Region: Twist--2 Contributions
A systematic derivation is presented of the twist-2 anomalous dimensions of
the general quark and gluon light-ray operators in the generalized Bjorken
region in leading order both for unpolarized and polarized scattering. Various
representations of the anomalous dimensions are derived both in the non-local
and the local light cone expansion and their properties are discussed in
detail. Evolution equations for these operators are derived using different
representations. General two- and single-variable evolution equations are
presented for the expectation values of these operators for non-forward
scattering. The Compton amplitude is calculated in terms of these distribution
amplitudes. In the limit of forward scattering a new derivation of the integral
relations between the twist-2 contributions to the structure functions is
given. Special limiting cases which are derived from the general relations are
discussed, as the forward case, near-forward scattering, and vacuum-meson
transition. Solutions of the two-variable evolution equations for non-forward
scattering are presented.Comment: 52 pages LATEX, published version in Nucl. Phys.
On the Evolution Kernels of Twist 2 Light-Ray Operators for Unpolarized and Polarized Deep Inelastic Scattering
The non-singlet and singlet evolution kernels of the twist--2 light-ray
operators for unpolarized and polarized deep inelastic scattering are
calculated in for the general case of virtualities . Special cases as the kernels for the general single-variable evolution
equation and the Altarelli-Parisi and Brodsky-Lepage limits are derived from
these results.Comment: 10 pages latex, including 1 ps-figure, typos correcte
Differentiation between rebound thymic hyperplasia and thymic relapse after chemotherapy in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma
Rebound thymic hyperplasia (RTH) is a common phenomenon caused by stress factors such as chemotherapy (CTX) or radiotherapy, with an incidence between 44% and 67.7% in pediatric lymphoma. Misinterpretation of RTH and thymic lymphoma relapse (LR) may lead to unnecessary diagnostic procedures including invasive biopsies or treatment intensification. The aim of this study was to identify parameters that differentiate between RTH and thymic LR in the anterior mediastinum.
After completion of CTX, we analyzed computed tomographies (CTs) and magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of 291 patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) and adequate imaging available from the European Network for Pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma C1 trial. In all patients with biopsy-proven LR, an additional fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)-CT was assessed. Structure and morphologic configuration in addition to calcifications and presence of multiple masses in the thymic region and signs of extrathymic LR were evaluated.
After CTX, a significant volume increase of new or growing masses in the thymic space occurred in 133 of 291 patients. Without biopsy, only 98 patients could be identified as RTH or LR. No single finding related to thymic regrowth allowed differentiation between RTH and LR. However, the vast majority of cases with thymic LR presented with additional increasing tumor masses (33/34). All RTH patients (64/64) presented with isolated thymic growth.
Isolated thymic LR is very uncommon. CHL relapse should be suspected when increasing tumor masses are present in distant sites outside of the thymic area. Conversely, if regrowth of lymphoma in other sites can be excluded, isolated thymic mass after CTX likely represents RTH
Response-adapted omission of radiotherapy and comparison of consolidation chemotherapy in intermediate- and advanced-stage children and adolescents with classic Hodgkin lymphoma: a titration study with an embedded non-inferiority randomised controlled trial
BACKGROUND: Children and adolescents with intermediate-stage and advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma achieve an event-free survival at 5 years of about 90% after treatment with vincristine, etoposide, prednisone, and doxorubicin (OEPA) followed by cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, and procarbazine (COPP) and radiotherapy, but long-term treatment effects affect survival and quality of life. We aimed to investigate whether radiotherapy can be omitted in patients with morphological and metabolic adequate response to OEPA and whether modified consolidation chemotherapy reduces gonadotoxicity. METHODS: Our study was designed as a titration study with an open-label, embedded, multinational, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial, and was carried out at 186 hospital sites across 16 European countries. Children and adolescents with newly diagnosed intermediate-stage (treatment group 2) and advanced-stage (treatment group 3) classical Hodgkin lymphoma who were younger than 18 years and stratified according to risk using Ann Arbor disease stages IIAE, IIB, IIBE, IIIA, IIIAE, IIIB, IIIBE, and all stages IV (A, B, AE, and BE) were included in the study. Patients with early disease (treatment group 1) were excluded from this analysis. All patients were treated with two cycles of OEPA (1·5 mg/m(2) vincristine taken intravenously capped at 2 mg, on days 1, 8, and 15; 125 mg/m(2) etoposide taken intravenously on days 1â5; 60 mg/m(2) prednisone taken orally on days 1â15; and 40 mg/m(2) doxorubicin taken intravenously on days 1 and 15). Patients were randomly assigned to two (treatment group 2) or four (treatment group 3) cycles of COPP (500 mg/m(2) cyclophosphamide taken intravenously on days 1 and 8; 1·5 mg/m(2) vincristine taken intravenously capped at 2 mg, on days 1 and 8; 40 mg/m(2) prednisone taken orally on days 1 to 15; and 100 mg/m(2) procarbazine taken orally on days 1 to 15) or COPDAC, which was identical to COPP except that 250 mg/m(2) dacarbazine administered intravenously on days 1 to 3 replaced procarbazine. The method of randomisation (1:1) was minimisation with stochastic component and was centrally stratified by treatment group, country, trial sites, and sex. The primary endpoint was event-free survival, defined as time from treatment start until the first of the following events: death from any cause, progression or relapse of classical Hodgkin lymphoma, or occurrence of secondary malignancy. The primary objectives were maintaining 90% event-free survival at 5 years in patients with adequate response to OEPA treated without radiotherapy and to exclude a decrease of 8% in event-free survival at 5 years in the embedded COPDAC versus COPP randomisation to show non-inferiority of COPDAC. Efficacy analyses are reported per protocol and safety in the intention-to-treat population. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (trial number NCT00433459) and EUDRACT (trial number 2006-000995-33), and is closed to recruitment. FINDINGS: Between Jan 31, 2007, and Jan 30, 2013, 2102 patients were recruited. 737 (35%) of the 2102 recruited patients were in treatment group 1 (early-stage disease) and were not included in our analysis. 1365 (65%) of the 2102 patients were in treatment group 2 (intermediate-stage disease; n=455) and treatment group 3 (advanced-stage disease; n=910). Of these 1365, 1287 (94%) patients (435 [34%] of 1287 in treatment group 2 and 852 [66%] of 1287 in treatment group 3) were included in the titration trial per-protocol analysis. 937 (69%) of 1365 patients were randomly assigned to COPP (n=471) or COPDAC (n=466) in the embedded trial. Median follow-up was 66·5 months (IQR 62·7â71·7). Of 1287 patients in the per-protocol group, 514 (40%) had an adequate response to treatment and were not treated with radiotherapy (215 [49%] of 435 in treatment group 2 and 299 [35%] of 852 in treatment group 3). 773 (60%) of 1287 patients with inadequate response were scheduled for radiotherapy (220 [51%] of 435 in the treatment group 2 and 553 [65%] of 852 in treatment group 3. In patients who responded adequately, event-free survival rates at 5 years were 90·1% (95% CI 87·5â92·7). event-free survival rates at 5 years in 892 patients who were randomly assigned to treatment and analysed per protocol were 89·9% (95% CI 87·1â92·8) for COPP (n=444) versus 86·1% (82·9â89·4) for COPDAC (n=448). The COPDAC minus COPP difference in event-free survival at 5 years was â3·7% (â8·0 to 0·6). The most common grade 3â4 adverse events (intention-to-treat population) were decreased haemoglobin (205 [15%] of 1365 patients during OEPA vs 37 [7%] of 528 treated with COPP vs 20 [2%] of 819 treated with COPDAC), decreased white blood cells (815 [60%] vs 231 [44%] vs 84 [10%]), and decreased neutrophils (1160 [85%] vs 223 [42%] vs 174 [21%]). One patient in treatment group 2 died of sepsis after the first cycle of OEPA; no other treatment-related deaths occurred. INTERPRETATION: Our results show that radiotherapy can be omitted in patients who adequately respond to treatment, when consolidated with COPP or COPDAC. COPDAC might be less effective, but is substantially less gonadotoxic than COPP. A high proportion of patients could therefore be spared radiotherapy, eventually reducing the late effects of treatment. With more refined criteria for response assessment, the number of patients who receive radiotherapy will be further decreased. FUNDING: Deutsche Krebshilfe, Elternverein fĂŒr Krebs-und leukĂ€miekranke Kinder GieĂen, Kinderkrebsstiftung Mainz, Tour der Hoffnung, Menschen fĂŒr Kinder, Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique, and Cancer Research UK
Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in protonâproton collisions at âs = 7 TeV
Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript â1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio
Juxtaposing BTE and ATE â on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation
One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced.
Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI
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