Evaluación patrones de consumo y caudales máximos instantáneos de usuarios residenciales de la ciudad de Bogotá

Para toda empresa prestadora del servicio de abastecimiento y distribución de agua potable es de vital importancia conocer el modo en que los usuarios demandan el servicio, el caudal neto entregado, su distribución en el tiempo y el rango de caudales en los que se consume la mayor parte del volumen de agua entregado, que sirva de herramienta para la toma de decisiones en el tema de gestión integral y uso racional del agua. Igualmente, es muy importante poder contar con curvas características y curvas patrón de consumo reales para cada tipo de usuario, que permitan determinar los consumos netos reales diarios por tipo de uso y estratificación socioeconómica para cada habitante; así como la determinación en campo de los caudales máximos instantáneos reales de las edificaciones, y su comparación con los calculados mediante diferentes metodologías de estimación de caudales máximos probables, que son finalmente usados para el diseño y dimensionamiento de redes internas, y para la solicitud del servicio ante los prestadores. En tal sentido, el presente trabajo se centra en estimar el consumo neto per cápita de agua en usuarios de tipo residencial de la ciudad de Bogotá, así como en la determinación de hábitos, características y patrones de consumo de la población, y finalmente en la comparación de caudales máximos reales transitados por la acometida de una vivienda, con los obtenidos por diferentes metodologías de cálculo a fin de determinar la idoneidad de las mismas para las condiciones propias de consumo de la ciudad de Bogotá, y la comparación de los resultados obtenidos con los recomendados en cada caso por las Normas que rigen dichos temas en el territorio Colombiano (RAS 2000 y NTC 1500).Abstract. For any company providing the supply and distribution of drinking water is vital to know how users demand the service, the net flow rate delivered, their distribution in time and the flow rate associated with most of the delivered water volume. This information is considered as input for decision-process in the field of integrated management and rational use of water. It is also very important to have real characteristic and pattern consumption curves for each type of user, to determine the actual daily net consumption by type of use and socioeconomic stratification for each inhabitant; and field determination of real instantaneous peak flows of the buildings, besides their comparison with those calculated, using different methodologies for estimating probable maximum flows. These ones are ultimately used for design and sizing of internal networks, and for the service request to the providers. In this sense, the present work focuses on estimating the net person consumption of water in residential users of Bogotá; determining habits, characteristics, and consumption patterns of the population; and finally, the comparison of actual peak flows routed through the system, and those obtained by different methods to obtain the suitability for the Bogotá conditions. These results are compared with those recommended by the Colombian (RAS 2000, NTC 1500).Maestrí

Comunicación, educación y escuela en tiempos de COVID-19 : una mirada de maestros en colectivo

41 páginasEl presente documento reflexión busca describir los análisis que se suscitaron internamente en la red pedagógica “Maestros en Colectivo1” alrededor de la comunicación, la educación y la escuela en tiempos de pandemia. Para ello; se realizó una revisión documental, especialmente, de aquellos textos actuales que se centran en hacer una mirada a estas temáticas, rastreando las alteraciones, permanencias y rupturas que emergen en esta nueva racionalidad, en la perspectiva del educador como sujeto social. Resultado de esto, se observa una marcada tendencia a la mediación de los distintos medios de comunicación, tanto sincrónica como asincrónica, para difundir las ideas y el conocimiento, un hecho que indiscutiblemente condiciona y afecta el proceso del aprendizaje escolar, las relaciones, los modos de entender, producir el saber y las maneras de asumir la escuela

Evolution of green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) : an anchored phylogenomics approach

A phylogeny of green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) using anchored hybrid enrichment data is presented. Using this phylogenomic approach, we analysed 137 kb of sequence data (with < 10% missing) for 82 species in 50 genera of Chrysopidae under Bayesian and maximum likelihood criteria. We recovered a strongly supported tree topologically congruent with recently published phylogenies, especially relationships amongst higher‐level groups. The subfamily Nothochrysinae was recovered as paraphyletic, with one clade sister to the rest of Chrysopidae, and the second clade containing the nominal genus (Nothochrysa Navás) as sister to the subfamily Apochrysinae. Chrysopinae was recovered as a monophyletic with the monobasic Nothancylini tribe n. sister to the rest of the subfamily. Leucochrysini was recovered sister to Belonopterygini, and Chrysopini was rendered paraphyletic with respect to Ankylopterygini. Divergence times and diversification estimates indicate a major shift in rate in ancestral Chrysopini at the end of the Cretaceous, and the extensive radiation of Chrysopinae, the numerically dominant clade of green lacewings, began in the Mid‐Paleogene (c. 45 Ma).Table S1. Taxa used in this study, including SRA accession numbers.Table S2. Divergence time estimates (mean ages and ranges) and branch support values for nodes in Figs 2 and S1. PP, posterior probability.Figure S1. Chronogram node numbers and fossils.Figure S2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of Chrysopidae using AHE data. Bootstrap support values are indicated on nodes and grouped by colour according to value.Figure S3. Nucleotide Astral tree.Figure S4. BAMM plot showing the two most common shift configurations in the credible set. The ‘f’ number corresponds to the proportion of the posterior samples in which this configuration is present.Figure S5. Macroevolutionary cohort matrix for diversifica-tion. Each cell in the matrix is coded by a colour denoting the pairwise probability that two species share a common macroevolutionary rate regime. The maximum clade credi-bility tree is shown for reference in the left and upper margins of each cohort matrix.Figure S6. BAMM rate shift tree showing the overall best fit configuration. Red circles signify placement of shifts.File S1. Chrysopidae Anchored hybrid enrichment alignment. (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1111%2Fsyen.12347&file=syen12347-sup-0001-FileS1.txt)File S2. Chrysopidae anchored hybrid enrichment, partition datasets. (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1111%2Fsyen.12347&file=syen12347-sup-0002-FileS2.txt)Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (209447/2013–3, to JPG), the US National Science Foundation (DEB-1144119, to SLW; DEB-1144162, to MSE; and DEB-0933588, to JDO) and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (5162016) (to XL).https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/136531132020-07-01hj2019Zoology and Entomolog

Beyond Refugia: New insights on Quaternary climate variation and the evolution of biotic diversity in tropical South America

Haffer’s (Science 165: 131–137, 1969) Pleistocene refuge theory has provided motivation for 50 years of investigation into the connections between climate, biome dynamics, and neotropical speciation, although aspects of the orig- inal theory are not supported by subsequent studies. Recent advances in paleocli- matology suggest the need for reevaluating the role of Quaternary climate on evolutionary history in tropical South America. In addition to the many repeated large-amplitude climate changes associated with Pleistocene glacial-interglacial stages (~40 kyr and 100 kyr cyclicity), we highlight two aspects of Quaternary climate change in tropical South America: (1) an east-west precipitation dipole, induced by solar radiation changes associated with Earth’s precessional variations (~20 kyr cyclicity); and (2) periods of anomalously high precipitation that persisted for centuries-to-millennia (return frequencies ~1500 years) congruent with cold “Heinrich events” and cold Dansgaard-Oeschger “stadials” of the North Atlantic region. The spatial footprint of precipitation increase due to this North Atlantic forcing extended across almost all of tropical South America south of the equator. Combined, these three climate modes present a picture of climate change with different spatial and temporal patterns than envisioned in the original Pleistocene refuge theory. Responding to these climate changes, biomes expanded and contracted and became respectively connected and disjunct. Biome change undoubtedly influenced biotic diversification, but the nature of diversification likely was more complex than envisioned by the original Pleistocene refuge theory. In the lowlands, intermittent forest expansion and contraction led to species dispersal and subsequent isolation, promoting lineage diversification. These pulses of climate-driven biotic interchange profoundly altered the composition of regional species pools and triggered new evolutionary radiations. In the special case of the tropical Andean forests adjacent to the Amazon lowlands, new phylogenetic data provide abundant evidence for rapid biotic diversification during the Pleistocene. During warm interglacials and intersta- dials, lowland taxa dispersed upslope. Isolation in these disjunct climate refugia led to extinction for some taxa and speciation for others.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155561/1/Baker2020.pdfDescription of Baker2020.pdf : Main articl

PhDAY 2020 -FOO (Facultad de Óptica y Optometría)

Por cuarto año consecutivo los doctorandos de la Facultad de Óptica y Optometría de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid cuentan con un congreso propio organizado por y para ellos, el 4º PhDAY- FOO. Se trata de un congreso gratuito abierto en la que estos jóvenes científicos podrán presentar sus investigaciones al resto de sus compañeros predoctorales y a toda la comunidad universitaria que quiera disfrutar de este evento. Apunta en tu agenda: el 15 de octubre de 2020. En esta ocasión será un Congreso On-line para evitar que la incertidumbre asociada a la pandemia Covid-19 pudiera condicionar su celebración

Conceptual and empirical advances in Neotropical biodiversity research

The unparalleled biodiversity found in the American tropics (the Neotropics) has attracted the attention of naturalists for centuries. Despite major advances in recent years in our understanding of the origin and diversification of many Neotropical taxa and biotic regions, many questions remain to be answered. Additional biological and geological data are still needed, as well as methodological advances that are capable of bridging these research fields. In this review, aimed primarily at advanced students and early-career scientists, we introduce the concept of "trans-disciplinary biogeography," which refers to the integration of data from multiple areas of research in biology (e.g., community ecology, phylogeography, systematics, historical biogeography) and Earth and the physical sciences (e.g., geology, climatology, palaeontology), as a means to reconstruct the giant puzzle of Neotropical biodiversity and evolution in space and time. We caution against extrapolating results derived from the study of one or a few taxa to convey general scenarios of Neotropical evolution and landscape formation. We urge more coordination and integration of data and ideas among disciplines, transcending their traditional boundaries, as a basis for advancing tomorrow\u27s ground-breaking research. Our review highlights the great opportunities for studying the Neotropical biota to understand the evolution of life

A new species of Ophthalmoblysis Scoble, 1995 (Geometridae: Ennominae) from México with 'sleepy' eyespots

Garzón-Orduña, Ivonne J. (2019): A new species of Ophthalmoblysis Scoble, 1995 (Geometridae: Ennominae) from México with 'sleepy' eyespots. Zootaxa 4706 (3): 469-476, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4706.3.

A new species of Glenochrysa Esben-Petersen from Australia (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)

A new species of the charismatic green lacewing genus Glenochrysa Esben-Petersen is described from northern Western Australia. Glenochrysa minima sp. n. represents one of the smallest species of the genus. A key to species of Australian Glenochrysa is presented