Consulting report - SIMA PERU

El presente informe es un proyecto de consultoría elaborado para SIMA (Servicios Industriales de la Marina S.A.). El objetivo del estudio es analizar a la empresa, centrándose en SIMA Callao y generar un informe sobre los problemas y plantear posibles soluciones. El principal problema de SIMA Callao es la baja rentabilidad. Ya que son una empresa estatal, llevan a cabo la mayor parte de su trabajo para el gobierno, los cuales no generan ganancias. Por esta razón, SIMA podría generar una mayor rentabilidad tomando contratos con clientes privados, especialmente en el sector de reparación que ofrece mayores márgenes de contribución. Otros problemas secundarios incluyen, inestabilidad de la mano de obra (oficiales navales con contratos de corta duración), falta de capacidad de gestión, fuerza laboral inflexible, inadecuada política salarial y de promoción, falta de una política de pago de proveedores, infraestructura insuficiente y obsoleta, entre otros más. SIMA debería utilizar la nueva capacidad para atender al sector privado y cambiar el foco de sus operaciones a la unidad de reparaciones navales para mejorar la rentabilidad de la empresa. Asimismo, son necesarios ajustes en las políticas de recursos humanos, adquisiciones y finanzas. Con estos cambios, se espera elevar el margen neto de SIMA entre 5% y 6%. Se espera cierta oposición por parte de la dirección del SIMA. Por ello, es importante resaltar los beneficios sociales que se generarán con los cambios propuestos: la creación de múltiples puestos de trabajoThe current report is a consulting project elaborated for SIMA (Servicios Industriales de la Marina S.A.). The aim of the study is to analyze the company, focusing on SIMA Callao and generate a report on current problems and an assessment of possible solutions. The main problem SIMA Callao struggles with is low profitability. As they are a stateowned company, they carry out most of their work for the government, securing only sufficient funds to cover costs. For this reason, SIMA would become more profitable if it they take up more contracts with private clients, most particularly in the ship repair sector which offers higher contribution margins. Other secondary problems include, instability of the workforce (naval officers with short contracts), lack of managerial skills, inflexible labor force, inadequate wage and promotion policy, lack of a supplier's payment policy, insufficient and obsolete infrastructure, among others. SIMA Callao should use their increased capacity to serve private clients and shift their focus to ship repair in order to improve the company profitability. In addition, adjustments in the HR, procurement and finance need to be made to achieve both stability and efficiency in the company. With these changes set in place, it is expected to raise SIMA's annual profit to 5-6%. Opposition from SIMA’s direction is expected. However, it is important to understand the social benefits that will be generated with an improved profitability: new jobs would be created and a multiplier effect would be generated when growth reaches other related industriesTesi

A NUMERICAL CASE STUDY OF AN OROGRAPHICALLY ENHANCED FRONTAL SYSTEM IN CENTRAL CHILE

The interaction of a frontal system with the extreme orography of the Andes mountain range is examined for a case of intense precipitation in central Chile during June 2002. The heavy rainfall was associated with a synoptic scale rainband that moved slowly over central Chile during a 48 hour period. Numerical simulations with the WRF mesoscale model show that both the intensification of precipitation within the rainband, and its semi-stationary character, were fundamentally determined by interaction with the topography. It is suggested that the intensification of otherwise weak frontal zones by orographic flow deformation may be an important precipitation mechanism in central Chile

A NUMERICAL CASE STUDY OF AN OROGRAPHICALLY ENHANCED FRONTAL SYSTEM IN CENTRAL CHILE

The interaction of a frontal system with the extreme orography of the Andes mountain range is examined for a case of intense precipitation in central Chile during June 2002. The heavy rainfall was associated with a synoptic scale rainband that moved slowly over central Chile during a 48 hour period. Numerical simulations with the WRF mesoscale model show that both the intensification of precipitation within the rainband, and its semi-stationary character, were fundamentally determined by interaction with the topography. It is suggested that the intensification of otherwise weak frontal zones by orographic flow deformation may be an important precipitation mechanism in central Chile

Marine boundary layer over the subtropical southeast Pacific during VOCALS-REx – Part 1: Mean structure and diurnal cycle

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/4491/2010/acp-10-4491-2010.html.Atmospheric subsidence over the subtropical southeast Pacific (SEP) leads to a low-level anticyclonic circulation, a cool sea surface and a cloud-topped marine boundary layer (MBL). Observations in this region from a major field campaign during October and November 2008, the VOCALS Regional Experiment, provide ample data to characterize the lower atmospheric features over the SEP. The observations are also useful to test the ability of an area-limited, high-resolution atmospheric model to simulate the SEP conditions. Observations and model-results (where appropriate) improve the characterization of the mean state (Part 1) and variability (Part 2) of the lower troposphere including circulation, MBL characteristics and the upsidence wave. Along 20° S the MBL is generally deeper offshore (1600 m at 85° W) but there is also considerable variability. MBL depth and variability decrease towards the coast and maximum inversion strength is detected between 74–76° W. Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulations underestimate MBL height the most near the coast but improve offshore. Southeasterly trades prevail within the MBL although the wind speed decreases toward the coast. Above the MBL along the coast of Chile, flow is northerly, has a maximum at 3 km, and extends westward to ~74° W, apparently due to the mechanical blocking exerted by the Andes upon the westerly flow aloft. Mean MBL features along northern Chile (18–25° S) are remarkably similar (e.g., MBL depth just below 1 km) in spite of different SST. Observed diurnal cycles of the temperature at the coast and further offshore exhibit a number of conspicuous features that are consistent with the southwestward propagation of an upsidence wave initiated during late evening along the south Peru coast. Furthermore, the passage of the vertical motion results in either constructive or deconstructive interference with the radiatively-forced diurnal cycle of MBL depth. Interference is clearly seen in the soundings at Iquique which are driven by a strong upsidence wave contrary to the radiation-driven cycle, leading to a diurnal cycle opposite of the other sites. Because WRF simulations have a lower MBL height, the speed of the simulated gravity wave is slower than observations and accounts for most of the discrepancy between observed and simulated phase speeds

Marine boundary layer over the subtropical southeast Pacific during VOCALS-REx – Part 2: Synoptic variability

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/4507/2010/acp-10-4507-2010.htmlIn the second part of this work we study the day-to-day variability of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MBL) over the subtropical southeast Pacific using primarily results from a numerical simulation that covered the whole VOCALS-REx period (October–November 2008). In situ and satellite-derived observations of the MBL height in the offshore region indicate rapid, significant variations (from 500 m to 1700 m a.s.l. over a few days) during October. These MBL changes are connected with the passage of midlatitude troughs that altered the large-scale environment over the VOCALS-REx region. In contrast, the synoptic forcing and MBL changes were less prominent during November. Modelled and observed MBL depth at Point Omega (20° S, 85° W) compare quite well during October (but the simulation is on average 200 m lower) while in November the simulation does not perform as well. In the prognostic local MBL height equation the height change, the horizontal MBL height advection, and the large scale vertical velocity at MBL top are calculated explicitly from the simulation. The entrainment velocity is calculated as the residual of the other terms in the equation. While the vertical velocity and residual terms are opposing and generally have the largest magnitude on average, it is the variability in the advection that explains most of the large changes in the MBL depth. Examination of several cases during VOCALS-REx suggests that the advective term is in turn largely controlled by changes in wind direction, driven by midlatitude activity, acting on a MBL that generally slopes down toward the coast. In one phase, the subtropical anticyclone is reinforced and extends toward the Chilean coast, leading to easterly wind that advects low MBL heights from the coast as far as Point Omega. The opposite phase occurs after the passage of an extratropical cyclone over southern Chile, leading to southwesterly wind that advects a deeper MBL towards subtropical latitudes

The Low-Level Atmospheric Circulation near Tongoy Bay–Point Lengua de Vaca (Chilean Coast, 30°S)

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/MWR-D-11-00059.1.Strong southerly, terrain parallel winds often occur along the coast of north-central Chile (25°–35°S) embedded in the marine atmospheric boundary layer and the lower part of the capping temperature inversion. Their offshore structure and variability have received considerable attention because of the effect on open-ocean processes and connection with the southeast Pacific cloud layer. Mesoscale low-level circulations linked to the coastal topography (e.g., coastal jets and sea breeze) are less studied in Chile, but are particularly relevant as they alter the upper-ocean circulation and the cloud pattern in the nearshore strip. Surface, radiosonde, and airborne meteorological observations near point Lengua de Vaca (LdV)–Tongoy Bay (TB) at 30°S are used alongside numerical modeling to understand the local circulation near a prominent upwelling center. Most observations were gathered during the Variability of the American Monsoon Systems (VAMOS) Ocean–Cloud–Atmosphere–Land Study Chilean Upwelling Experiment (VOCALS-CUpEx) during two weeks in late spring 2009. The regional topography resembles other major capes, but south of TB and east of LdV there is a low (100–300 m), dry marine terrace bounded by high elevation at the coast (~600 m) and farther inland. Coastal soundings 25 km upstream of LdV revealed a southerly wind maximum near the surface and another at 900 m separated by a destabilized layer, deviating from the two-layer model often applied to coastal flow. In the morning a shallow sea breeze penetrates from TB to the marine terrace, but is overridden by southerly flow in the afternoon. Furthermore, between 400 and 900 m, warm continental air is advected from over the marine terrace creating a residual boundary layer over TB. Concurrent with slower changes offshore, the low-level warming over TB leads to a marked cross-shore pressure gradient enhancing the coastal jet just north of LdV

Impacts of atmospheric rivers on precipitation in Southern South America

This study quantifies the impact of atmospheric rivers (ARs) on precipitation in southern South America. An AR detection algorithm was developed based on integrated water vapor transport (IVT) from 6-hourly CFSR reanalysis data over a 16-yr period (2001-16). AR landfalls were linked to precipitation using a comprehensive observing network that spanned large variations in terrain along and across the Andes from 27° to 55°S, including some sites with hourly data. Along the Pacific (west) coast, AR landfalls are most frequent between 38° and 50°S, averaging 35-40 days yr-1. This decreases rapidly to the south and north of this maximum, as well as to the east of the Andes. Landfalling ARs are more frequent in winter/spring (summer/fall) to the north (south) of ~43°S. ARs contribute 45%-60% of the annual precipitation in subtropical Chile (37°-32°S) and 40%-55% along the midlatitude west coast (37°-47°S). These values significantly exceed those in western North America, likely due to the Andes being taller. In subtropical and midlatitude regions, roughly half of all events with top-quartile precipitation rates occur under AR conditions. Median daily and hourly precipitation in ARs is 2-3 times that of other storms. The results of this study extend knowledge of the key roles of ARs on precipitation, weather, and climate in the South American region. They enable comparisons with other areas globally, provide context for specific events, and support local nowcasting and forecasting.Fil: Viale, Maximiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Cientifícas y Tecnológicas; Argentina. Universidad de Chile; Chile. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Valenzuela, Raúl. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Garreaud, René D.. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Ralph, F. Martin. University of California at San Diego; Estados Unido

Review of “The Archaeology of Andean Pastoralism” edited by José M. Capriles and Nicholas

Book details Capriles J M and Tripcevich N (eds.) The Archaeology of Andean Pastoralism Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press; 2016. 280 pages, 87 figures, 25 tables ISBN 978-0-8263-5702-

Estilo de entrenamiento, necesidades psicológicas, vitalidad y oposicionismo desafiante en atletas peruanos

Basándose en la Teoría de la Autodeterminación, el presente estudio buscó explorar las relaciones entre el estilo motivacional de entrenadores deportivos de apoyo a la autonomía y control, la satisfacción o frustración de las necesidades psicológicas básicas y la vitalidad y oposicionismo desafiante en un grupo de 200 atletas peruanos. Esta investigación buscó explorar si existía una mediación de parte de las necesidades psicológicas, entre el estilo motivacional y la vitalidad y el oposicionismo desafiante. Asimismo, examinó las propiedades psicométricas de los instrumentos, hallando evidencias de adecuada validez y confiabilidad en la muestra. La percepción de apoyo a la autonomía, se asoció de manera positiva con la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas (r = .26, p < .01) y con la vitalidad subjetiva (r = .19, p < .01). Asimismo, el uso controlador de recompensas se relacionó positivamente con la frustración de las necesidades psicológicas básicas (r = .27, p < .01) y el oposicionismo desafiante (r = .19, p < .01). El análisis de senderos indicó que la relación entre la percepción de apoyo a la autonomía y la vitalidad se encuentra mediada de manera parcial por la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas. Este mismo análisis, encontró que la relación entre la percepción de uso controlador de recompensas y el oposicionismo desafiante se encuentra totalmente mediada por la frustración de las necesidades psicológicas básicas. Estos resultados van de acuerdo con otras investigaciones, que traen a luz que existe un camino positivo (bright side) y un camino negativo (dark side) de la motivación.Based on Self Determination Theory, this study explored the relationships between trainers’ motivational style, be it autonomy supportive or controlling, the satisfaction and frustration of athletes basic psychological needs, and vitality and oppositional defiance in a group of 200 peruvian athletes. Furthermore, this study examined the psychometric properties of the instruments finding evidences of adequate validity and reliability in the sample. Perceived trainers’ autonomy support positively associated with the satisfaction of basic psychological needs (r = .26, p < .01) and subjective vitality (r = .19, p < .01). Moreover, perceived use of controlling rewards positively associated with the frustration of basic psychological needs (r = .27, p < .01) and oppositional defiance. (r = .19, p < .01). The path analysis indicated that the relationship between perceived trainers’ autonomy support and subjective vitality was partially mediated by the satisfaction of basic psychological needs. This same analysis, indicated that the relationship between perceived trainers’ use of controlling rewards and oppositional defiance was fully mediated by the frustration of basic psychological needs. These results are consistent with other investigations that bring to light the existence of a bright side and a dark side of motivation.Tesi