A bi-objective model for the integrated frequency-timetabling problem

The urban transport planning process has four basic activities: network design, timetable construction, vehicle scheduling and crew scheduling. In this work we focus on the urban bus timetable construction problem which has two sub-activities: bus frequency calculation and bus departures setting. Typically, these sub-activities are done sequentially, which has some drawbacks: to overcome these drawback we propose to integrate both these sub-activities. We take into consideration: multiple planning periods, synchronizations events (a synchronization occurs when two buses from different routes arrive to a node within a time window), fixed and variable operations costs and uncertain demand in each period

Faktor Risiko Kejadian Pre-eklamsia pada Ibu Hamil di Kabupaten Belu

Pre-eklamsia merupakan suatu keadaan patologi yang ditandai dengan adanya hipertensi, proteinuria dan edema. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor risiko dengan kejadian pre-eklamsia pada ibu hamil di Kabupaten Belu. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian retrospektif dengan desain case control dan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada wilayah kerjaPuskesmas di Kabupaten Belu, periode Januari–Maret 2015. Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah chi-square dan Odd Ratio. Besar sampel kasus 40 ibu dan kontrol 40 ibu yang diambil dengan teknik purposivesampling. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara faktor risiko umur (p=0,007;OR=0,286;95%CI=0,133-0,721), paritas (p=0,014;OR-0,323;95%CI=0,130-0,804), riwayat hipertensi(p=0,007;OR=3,462;95% CI=1,379-8,691), riwayat pre-eklamsia (p=0,000;OR=2,379;95% CI=1,803-3,139), antenatal care (p=0,000;OR=0,140;95%CI=0,052-0,378) terhadap kejadian preeklamsia. Variabel yang mempunyai risiko terjadinya pre-eklamsia adalah riwayat hipertensi mempunyai risiko 3 kali, riwayat pre-eklamsiamempunyai risiko 2 kali sedangkan variabel umur, paritas dan pemeriksaan kehamilan (ANC) merupakan faktor protektif

FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN PRE-EKLAMSIA PADA IBU HAMIL DI KABUPATEN BELU

Pre-eklamsia merupakan suatu keadaan patologi yang ditandai dengan adanya hipertensi, proteinuria dan edema. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor risiko dengan kejadian pre-eklamsia pada ibu hamil di Kabupaten Belu. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian retrospektif dengan desain case control dan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada wilayah kerjaPuskesmas di Kabupaten Belu, periode Januari–Maret 2015. Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah chi-square dan Odd Ratio. Besar sampel kasus 40 ibu dan kontrol 40 ibu yang diambil dengan teknik purposivesampling. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara faktor risiko umur (p=0,007;OR=0,286;95%CI=0,133-0,721), paritas (p=0,014;OR-0,323;95%CI=0,130-0,804), riwayat hipertensi(p=0,007;OR=3,462;95% CI=1,379-8,691), riwayat pre-eklamsia (p=0,000;OR=2,379;95% CI=1,803-3,139), antenatal care (p=0,000;OR=0,140;95%CI=0,052-0,378) terhadap kejadian preeklamsia. Variabel yang mempunyai risiko terjadinya pre-eklamsia adalah riwayat hipertensi mempunyai risiko 3 kali, riwayat pre-eklamsiamempunyai risiko 2 kali sedangkan variabel umur, paritas dan pemeriksaan kehamilan (ANC) merupakan faktor protektif

Brain volumes quantification from MRI in healthy controls: Assessing correlation, agreement and robustness of a convolutional neural network-based software against FreeSurfer, CAT12 and FSL

Background and purpose: There are instances in which an estimate of the brain volume should be obtained from MRI in clinical practice. Our objective is to calculate cross-sectional robustness of a convolutional neural network (CNN) based software (Entelai Pic) for brain volume estimation and compare it to traditional software such as FreeSurfer, CAT12 and FSL in healthy controls (HC). Materials and Methods: Sixteen HC were scanned four times, two different days on two different MRI scanners (1.5 T and 3 T). Volumetric T1-weighted images were acquired and post-processed with FreeSurfer v6.0.0, Entelai Pic v2, CAT12 v12.5 and FSL v5.0.9. Whole-brain, grey matter (GM), white matter (WM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes were calculated. Correlation and agreement between methods was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland Altman plots. Robustness was assessed using the coefficient of variation (CV). Results: Whole-brain volume estimation had better correlation between FreeSurfer and Entelai Pic (ICC (95% CI) 0.96 (0.94−0.97)) than FreeSurfer and CAT12 (0.92 (0.88−0.96)) and FSL (0.87 (0.79−0.91)). WM, GM and CSF showed a similar trend. Compared to FreeSurfer, Entelai Pic provided similarly robust segmentations of brain volumes both on same-scanner (mean CV 1.07, range 0.20–3.13% vs. mean CV 1.05, range 0.21–3.20%, p = 0.86) and on different-scanner variables (mean CV 3.84, range 2.49–5.91% vs. mean CV 3.84, range 2.62–5.13%, p = 0.96). Mean post-processing times were 480, 5, 40 and 5 min for FreeSurfer, Entelai Pic, CAT12 and FSL respectively. Conclusion: Based on robustness and processing times, our CNN-based model is suitable for cross-sectional volumetry on clinical practice.Fil: Chaves, Hernan. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Dorr, Francisco. Entelai; ArgentinaFil: Costa, Martín Elías. Entelai; ArgentinaFil: Serra, María Mercedes. Entelai; Argentina. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez Slezak, Diego. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentina. Entelai; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación; ArgentinaFil: Farez, Mauricio Franco. Entelai; Argentina. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sevlever, Gustavo. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentina. Entelai; ArgentinaFil: Yañez, Paulina Celia. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Cejas, Claudia. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentin

Doctoral Research Presentations

The Department of Design has a thriving community of scholars and practitioners engaged in doctoral research. In this session students,graduates and visiting researchers will present their research covering a broad range of topics and research interests

Population gene introgression and high genome plasticity for the zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus agalactiae

The influence that bacterial adaptation (or niche partitioning) within species has on gene spillover and transmission among bacteria populations occupying different niches is not well understood. Streptococcus agalactiae is an important bacterial pathogen that has a taxonomically diverse host range making it an excellent model system to study these processes. Here we analyze a global set of 901 genome sequences from nine diverse host species to advance our understanding of these processes. Bayesian clustering analysis delineated twelve major populations that closely aligned with niches. Comparative genomics revealed extensive gene gain/loss among populations and a large pan-genome of 9,527 genes, which remained open and was strongly partitioned among niches. As a result, the biochemical characteristics of eleven populations were highly distinctive (significantly enriched). Positive selection was detected and biochemical characteristics of the dispensable genes under selection were enriched in ten populations. Despite the strong gene partitioning, phylogenomics detected gene spillover. In particular, tetracycline resistance (which likely evolved in the human-associated population) from humans to bovine, canines, seals, and fish, demonstrating how a gene selected in one host can ultimately be transmitted into another, and biased transmission from humans to bovines was confirmed with a Bayesian migration analysis. Our findings show high bacterial genome plasticity acting in balance with selection pressure from distinct functional requirements of niches that is associated with an extensive and highly partitioned dispensable genome, likely facilitating continued and expansive adaptation

A new measure of skills mismatch: theory and evidence from the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) *

Abstract This paper proposes a new measure of skills mismatch that combines information about skill proficiency, self-reported mismatch and skill use. The theoretical foundations underling this measure allow identifying minimum and maximum skill requirements for each occupation and to classify workers into three groups, the well-matched, the under-skilled and the over-skilled. The availability of skill use data further permit the computation of the degree of under and over-usage of skills in the economy. The empirical analysis is carried out using the first wave of the OECD Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC), allowing comparisons across skill domains, labor market statuses and countries. * We would like to than

Chlorophyll a fluorescence illuminates a path connecting plant molecular biology to Earth-system science

Remote sensing methods enable detection of solar-induced chlorophyll a fluorescence. However, to unleash the full potential of this signal, intensive cross-disciplinary work is required to harmonize biophysical and ecophysiological studies. For decades, the dynamic nature of chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlaF) has provided insight into the biophysics and ecophysiology of the light reactions of photosynthesis from the subcellular to leaf scales. Recent advances in remote sensing methods enable detection of ChlaF induced by sunlight across a range of larger scales, from using instruments mounted on towers above plant canopies to Earth-orbiting satellites. This signal is referred to as solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) and its application promises to overcome spatial constraints on studies of photosynthesis, opening new research directions and opportunities in ecology, ecophysiology, biogeochemistry, agriculture and forestry. However, to unleash the full potential of SIF, intensive cross-disciplinary work is required to harmonize these new advances with the rich history of biophysical and ecophysiological studies of ChlaF, fostering the development of next-generation plant physiological and Earth-system models. Here, we introduce the scale-dependent link between SIF and photosynthesis, with an emphasis on seven remaining scientific challenges, and present a roadmap to facilitate future collaborative research towards new applications of SIF.Peer reviewe

Inhibition of proteasome rescues a pathogenic variant of respiratory chain assembly factor COA7.

Nuclear and mitochondrial genome mutations lead to various mitochondrial diseases, many of which affect the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The proteome of the intermembrane space (IMS) of mitochondria consists of several important assembly factors that participate in the biogenesis of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. The present study comprehensively analyzed a recently identified IMS protein cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 7 (COA7), or RESpiratory chain Assembly 1 (RESA1) factor that is associated with a rare form of mitochondrial leukoencephalopathy and complex IV deficiency. We found that COA7 requires the mitochondrial IMS import and assembly (MIA) pathway for efficient accumulation in the IMS We also found that pathogenic mutant versions of COA7 are imported slower than the wild-type protein, and mislocalized proteins are degraded in the cytosol by the proteasome. Interestingly, proteasome inhibition rescued both the mitochondrial localization of COA7 and complex IV activity in patient-derived fibroblasts. We propose proteasome inhibition as a novel therapeutic approach for a broad range of mitochondrial pathologies associated with the decreased levels of mitochondrial proteins.Narodowe Centrum Nauki (NCN) NCN 2012/05/B/NZ3/00781NCN 2015/19/B/NZ3/03272 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) SFB1190 (P13) Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej (FNP) TEAM TECH CORE FACILITY/2016‐2/2MAB/2017/2COP/01/2016 Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego (MNiSW) Ideas Plus programme 000263 RCUK|Medical Research Council (MRC) MC_UU_00015/5 EC|FP7|FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (FP7 Ideas) FP7‐322424339580 Institut de France Telethon Italy GTB1200

LSST Science Book, Version 2.0

A survey that can cover the sky in optical bands over wide fields to faint magnitudes with a fast cadence will enable many of the exciting science opportunities of the next decade. The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will have an effective aperture of 6.7 meters and an imaging camera with field of view of 9.6 deg^2, and will be devoted to a ten-year imaging survey over 20,000 deg^2 south of +15 deg. Each pointing will be imaged 2000 times with fifteen second exposures in six broad bands from 0.35 to 1.1 microns, to a total point-source depth of r~27.5. The LSST Science Book describes the basic parameters of the LSST hardware, software, and observing plans. The book discusses educational and outreach opportunities, then goes on to describe a broad range of science that LSST will revolutionize: mapping the inner and outer Solar System, stellar populations in the Milky Way and nearby galaxies, the structure of the Milky Way disk and halo and other objects in the Local Volume, transient and variable objects both at low and high redshift, and the properties of normal and active galaxies at low and high redshift. It then turns to far-field cosmological topics, exploring properties of supernovae to z~1, strong and weak lensing, the large-scale distribution of galaxies and baryon oscillations, and how these different probes may be combined to constrain cosmological models and the physics of dark energy.Comment: 596 pages. Also available at full resolution at http://www.lsst.org/lsst/sciboo