Aesthetic Attitude and Studio Ethics among Student of Ife Art School in Nigeria

Attitude is everything, and attitude in all societies is cultivated by responding positively or otherwise to ethics- sets of moral standards and principles guiding human operations and interactions. This paper discusses aesthetic attitude, art studio ethics, and responsiveness of art students to ethics and use/maintenance of studio facilities. Using the Fine and Applied Arts Department of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife as a template, the paper draws heavily on pedagogical art criticism and participant observation technique of art historical inquiry to establish the connectedness of aesthetic attitude, aesthetic experience and aesthetic standard, in relation to art training and artistic creativity. The study shows that an appreciable percentage of the students exhibited poor aesthetic attitude, which is traceable to a faulty (or imbalanced) visual aesthetic education provided within the context of Nigerian education curriculum. The study also reveals inadequate studio space, which constrains creativity and creative processes. The paper posits the grounding of visual art students in positive aesthetic attitude, maintenance culture and ethical behaviour to guarantee students’ holistic development as art professionals. It concludes that students’ attitude, with respect to art facilities and studio ethics, is a consequence of individual aesthetic education and experience; hence, it is behavioural. Keywords: Visual Art, Aesthetics, Art Studio, Aesthetic Attitude, Ethics DOI: 10.7176/ADS/101-04 Publication date:August 30th 202

Fitness-for-purpose assessment of cracked offshore wind turbine monopile

In this paper, the procedure for flaw acceptability assessment is examined through a case study of a semi-elliptical surface crack in an offshore monopile as it grows till it forms a through thickness crack. Using the procedure prescribed in an industrial standard (BS 7910), the fracture ratio, Kr is shown to increase monotonically with increasing crack depth. The load ratio, Lr, is initially insensitive to the crack depth. However, there is a rapid increase in Lr when the crack depth to thickness ratio exceeds 80%. Lr values obtained from detailed 3D FE limit analysis using elastic-perfectly-plastic material behaviour do not exhibit the asymptotic behaviour predicted by BS 7910 as the flaw transitions from deep crack to through-thickness crack. Furthermore, Kr predicted by BS 7910 is shown to be an over-estimation for the typical dimensions of offshore monopiles. The findings suggest that a structure with a deep flaw may be identified as unacceptable based on BS 7910 when it may still possess a non-trivial amount of structural residual life. This is a concern for monopiles where crack growth as a large flaw forms a significant part of the total life

Beauty from Detritus: Aestheticizing Discards in the Visual Arts

Wastes result from human interactions with the environment. Generation of wastes has been on the increase following the global population growth, and subsequent development in technology and its attendant urbanisation. The neglect or mismanagement of wastes constitutes environmental degradation and human health hazards. Thus, various arms of government globally have invested a lot in its management; its proper management generates employment and wealth. Wastes have in the recent times engaged the explorative and creative attention of the visual artists as well as that of the art historians and critics. However, scholars and critics have concerned themselves more with the materials used and forms created than they do with the contextuality of the forms. The research, in addition to finding out how artists creatively manipulate discards to create beauty and wealth, also seeks to probe into the contextuality of the forms created. Textual and visual materials were employed to execute the research. The result indicates that they provide artists with unending supply of materials which they skillfully convert into aesthetics and wealth. Artists find in them veritable alternatives to conventional art materials which they recover and transform into objects of utility as well as aesthetics imbued with.  Keywords: Aestheticize, detritus, discards, wastes, art, creativity, contemporary artist

A simplified formula for calculating the limit load of cracked offshore wind turbine monopile under bending

A simplified methodology is proposed for calculating the plastic collapse (limit) bending moment load of a pipe with a circumferential flaw with an emphasis on its application for use in the assessment of cracked offshore wind turbine monopile using failure assessment diagrams. The proposed methodology is based on the theory of net section collapse (NSC) but differs from existing approaches in that it does not need idealisation and categorisation of the crack before assessment. The proposed methodology is validated against results presented in literature and also finite element analysis results. Although it is possible to obtain limit loads using FE analysis, this is computationally expensive and time consuming. The proposed approach allows for nearinstantaneous calculation of limit load for any arbitrary crack configuration and loading direction. This is a significant development for the analysis of offshore wind turbine monopiles as it allows the suitability of the cracked structure to be assessed in pseudo-real time

Developmental History of Landscape Painting In Modern Nigerian Art: The Lagos State Example

Abstract Nature and the built environment present diverse themes and contexts for artistic expression, and these have been the concern of artists throughout the ages, especially painters. This paper therefore examines the implantation of landscape painting as an artistic genre and a visual document of socio-economic and urban development in Nigeria, using as the basis Lagos (the orb of Nigeria's artistic practice and art marketing). Through literature, interviews and purposively selected works, the paper discusses some historical, political and socio-economic factors responsible for the growth of landscape painting in Lagos, Nigeria. The art of landscape painting in Lagos State, as revealed by the paper, dates back to the 1920s in Nigeria; and while the works of pioneer landscape painters focused on naturalistic realism, their contemporary counterparts explore diverse stylesand thematic foci in their works. The paper concludes that the developmental history of landscape painting in Nigeria cannot be conclusive, until efforts are made by art scholars to capture its implantation and growth in other major cities/towns in the country

Clinical Coding and Indexing as Indispensable Tool In Health Care, Teaching and Research: A Case Study of Obafemi Awolowo Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC) Ile-Ife, Osun State

Clinical coding and indexing is the process by which medical procedure and diagnoses are represented and displayed by universal code number. It is a system that plays a key role in modern healthcare and also allow statistical analyses of diseases and treatment, diagnoses related group, reimbursement, easier observance and tracking of epidemic and production events. The study therefore aimed at examining coding and indexing as indispensable tool in healthcare, teaching and research; a case study of OAUTHC Ile-Ife, Osun State. The target population was 152 health records officer in OAUTHC, Ile-Ife. A cross-sectional research method was adopted. Data was collected using questionnaire as the instrument for the study. A systematic random sampling technique was employed in selecting 80 participants, 80 questionnaires were distributed and 70 were retrieved. This formed a response rate of 87.5%. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used for the analysis in order to avoid errors due to manual calculations. Findings reveals that more than 90% of the respondents agreed that coding and indexing is an indispensable tool to health care, teaching and research as it provides standard and quality healthcare services to the patients, policy creation, clinical audit and finance. The study also revealed that coding patching is highly susceptible to human error with clinician-based errors ranging from incorrectly defining a clinical entity to underreporting co-morbidities. It is therefore recommended that clinicians and HROs must work collaboratively to improve the quality of healthcare data flow with frequent review of clinical documentation and coding report to ensure accurate and reliable healthcare data for resource allocation, health planning which enhance patient treatment, teaching and research

An explanation for the mysterious distribution of melanin in human skin ‐ a rare example of asymmetric (melanin) organelle distribution during mitosis of basal layer progenitor keratinocytes

YesBackground: Melanin is synthesized by melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis. When transferred to surrounding keratinocytes it is the key UVR-protective biopolymer responsible for skin pigmentation. Most melanin is observable in the proliferative basal layer of the epidermis, and only sparsely distributed in the stratifying/differentiating epidermis. The latter has been explained, despite formal evidence, to ‘melanin degradation’ in supra-basal layers. Objectives: Our aim was to re-evaluate this currently-accepted basis for melanin distribution in the human skin epidermis, and whether this pattern is altered after a regenerative stimulus. Methods: Normal epidermis of adult human skin, at rest and after tape-stripping, was analysed by a range of (immuno)histochemical and high-resolution microscopy techniques. In vitro models of melanin granule uptake by human keratinocytes were attempted. Results: We propose a wholly different fate for melanin in the human epidermis. Our evidence indicates that the bulk of melanin is inherited only by the non-differentiating daughter cell post mitosis in progenitor keratinocytes, via asymmetric organelle inheritance. Moreover, this preferred pattern of melanin distribution can switch to a symmetric or equal daughter cell inheritance mode under conditions of stress including regeneration. Conclusions: We provide in this preliminary report a plausible and histologically-supportable explanation for how human skin pigmentation is efficiently organized in the epidermis. Steady state epidermis pigmentation may involve much less redox-sensitive melanogenesis than previously thought, and at least some pre-made melanin may be available for re-use. The epidermal-melanin unit may be an excellent example to study organelle distribution via asymmetric or symmetric inheritance in response to micro-environment and tissue demands.Walgreens Boots Allianc

Environmental effects of ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change : UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2017

Peer reviewe

The impact of skin colour on human photobiological responses

Terrestrial solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exerts both beneficial and adverse effects on human skin. Epidemiological studies show a lower incidence of skin cancer in people with pigmented skins compared to fair skins. This is attributed to photoprotection by epidermal melanin, as is the poorer vitamin D status of those with darker skins. We summarize a wide range of photobiological responses across different skin colours including DNA damage and immunosuppression. Some studies show the generally modest photoprotective properties of melanin, but others show little or no effect. DNA photodamage initiates non‐melanoma skin cancer and is reduced by a factor of about 3 in pigmented skin compared with white skin. This suggests that if such a modest reduction in DNA damage can result in the significantly lower skin cancer incidence in black skin, the use of sunscreen protection might be extremely beneficial for susceptible population. Many contradictory results may be explained by protocol differences, including differences in UVR spectra and exposure protocols. We recommend that skin type comparisons be done with solar‐simulated radiation and standard erythema doses or physical doses (J/m(2)) rather than those based solely on clinical endpoints such as minimal erythema dose (MED)