Kant : dall'etica alla religione (e ritorno)

The current interpretation of Kant’s transcedental philosophy is not focused on religión subjects as an essential point in the whole project of his thought. The author develops this paper on the Vorlesungen über die philosophische Religionslehre (1783-4). In this way the Kant*s concept of religión is precisely at the carrefour of speculative possibility and moral ought, and it means to reduce Christian religión to rational exigencies of moral religiónFil: Esposito, Constantino. Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Mor

Francisco Suárez: la natura, la grazia e la causa della libertà

In 1599, Suarez wrote De concursu et efficaci auxilio Dei ad actus liberi arbitrii necessario in the context of the discussions of the issue of de auxiliis. This work presents the Suarezian philosophical and theological conception of causality, which has three parts: the necessity of efficient action in nature, freedom of the will, and the efficacy of the divine grace on human free will. The article also connects the doctrine of De concursu with the thesis contained in Disputatio XIX of 1596. Through this comparison it can be concluded that for Suarez divine grace does not determinate the act of the will but rather makes it possible. In other words, divine grace constitutes the very root of human liberty.El opúsculo teológico De concursu et efficaci auxilio Dei ad actus liberi arbitrii necessario escrito por Suárez en Coimbra en 1599 en el contexto de la polémica de auxiliis es un ejemplo paradigmático de la concepción filosófico-teológica que Suárez tiene de la causalidad. Según esta concepción se conjuga la causa como necesidad de la acción eficiente de la naturaleza, la causa como acción voluntaria de la libertad y la causa como ayuda eficaz de la acción de la gracia divina sobre la voluntad libre del hombre. Este opúsculo se pone en relación con la doctrina de la disputación XIX, escrita tres años antes en Salamanca. Mediante esta comparación se concluye que la gracia no determina el acto de la voluntad sino que lo posibilita constituyendo así la raíz misma de la libertad

Francisco Suárez: la natura, la grazia e la causa della libertà

El opúsculo teológico De concursu et effi caci auxilio Dei ad actus liberi arbitrii necesario escrito por Suárez en Coimbra en 1599 en el contexto de la polémica de auxiliis es un ejemplo paradigmático de la concepción filosófico-teológica que Suárez tiene de la causalidad. Según esta concepción se conjuga la causa como necesidad de la acción eficiente de la naturaleza, la causa como acción voluntaria de la libertad y la causa como ayuda eficaz de la acción de la gracia divina sobre la voluntad libre del hombre. Este opúsculo se pone en relación con la doctrina de la disputación XIX, escrita tres años antes en Salamanca. Mediante esta comparación se concluye que la gracia no determina el acto de la voluntad sino que lo posibilita constituyendo así la raíz misma de la libertad.In 1599, Suarez wrote De concursu et efficaci auxilio Dei ad actus liberi arbitrii necessario in the context of the discussions of the issue of de auxiliis. This work presents the Suarezian philosophical and theological conception of causality, which has three parts: the necessity of effi cient action in nature, freedom of the will, and the effi cacy of the divine grace on human free will. The article also connects the doctrine of De concursu with the thesis contained in Disputatio XIX of 1596. Through this comparison it can be concluded that for Suarez divine grace does not determinate the act of the will but rather makes it possible. In other words, divine grace constitutes the very root of human liberty

Developmental pathways to autism: a review of prospective studies of infants at risk

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, and the presence of restrictive and repetitive behaviors. Symptoms of ASD likely emerge from a complex interaction between pre-existing neurodevelopmental vulnerabilities and the child's environment, modified by compensatory skills and protective factors. Prospective studies of infants at high familial risk for ASD (who have an older sibling with a diagnosis) are beginning to characterize these developmental pathways to the emergence of clinical symptoms. Here, we review the range of behavioral and neurocognitive markers for later ASD that have been identified in high-risk infants in the first years of life. We discuss theoretical implications of emerging patterns, and identify key directions for future work, including potential resolutions to several methodological challenges for the field. Mapping how ASD unfolds from birth is critical to our understanding of the developmental mechanisms underlying this disorder. A more nuanced understanding of developmental pathways to ASD will help us not only to identify children who need early intervention, but also to improve the range of interventions available to them

Origin and pathways of the mineral dust transport to two Spanish EARLINET sites: Effect on the observed columnar and range-resolved dust optical properties

In this paper, is presented a method for estimation of the effect of the transport process to aerosol optical properties. Aerosol optical data retrieved by lidars and sun-photometer measurements, are applied to Saharan dust events observed simultaneously at the two EARLINET/AERONET sites of Barcelona and Granada during the periods of June–September of 2012 and 2013. For this purpose, elastic lidar profiles and sun-photometer columnar retrievals are analyzed together with satellite observations and dust forecast models. Granada presents more than twice Saharan dust outbreaks compared to Barcelona. The scenarios favoring the Saharan dust outbreaks are identified in both places. The mineral dust originating in the Sahara region and arriving at both stations is usually transport wither over the Atlas Mountains or through an Atlantic pathway. Analyses of dust events affecting both stations reveal how differences in the transport process lead to differences in the aerosol optical properties measured at each station. Mean dust related Ångström exponent is 1.8 times higher in Barcelona than in Granada. This difference is a result of the additional contribution of anthropogenic aerosol, mainly in the aerosol fine mode, during the transport of the mineral dust plume over the Iberian Peninsula.Andalusia Regional Government through the project P12-RNM-2409Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the project CGL2013-45410-

Heidegger y Agustín. La memoria, la tentación, el tiempo

El artículo trata la cuestión de la presencia de Agustín en el pensamiento heideggeriano,no sólo como un elemento de primera importancia en la formación del joven Heidegger (junto a la fenomenología de Husserl y la filosofía aristotélica), sino como una tendencia fundamental, aunque oculta,que Heidegger intenta traducir y «metabolizar» en su propio pensamiento. La lectura e interpretaciónde las Confesiones (en particular el libro X sobre la memoria y sobre la tentación y el libro XI sobre el tiempo) constituye para Heidegger la ocasión para tomar algunas de sus decisiones teóricas fundamentales.  El hombre es un ser ahí histórico-temporal en el que se plantea el problema del ser y que al mismo tiempo coincide con este problema. Pero mientras para Agustín el hombre es el ente que pregunta frente a un Tú, para Heidegger la pregunta del hombre (la pregunta que es el hombre) queda definitivamente ligada a la «nada», porque el misterio del ser no puede manifestarse como una presencia.La posibilidad de las confesiones, como un diálogo dramático entre el yo y la presencia del ser, se transforma para Heidegger en el signo de la finitud del ser ahí y de la imposibilidad del ser mismo. Es como si el conocido comienzo de las Confesiones («… quia fecisti nos ad te et inquietum est cor nostrum,donec requiescat in te») debiera ser traducido, en la perspectiva heideggeriana, como: … et inquietum est cor nostrum, donec requiescat in semetipso

Francisco Suárez: la natura, la grazia e la causa della libertà

El opúsculo teológico De concursu et effi caci auxilio Dei ad actus liberi arbitrii necesario escrito por Suárez en Coimbra en 1599 en el contexto de la polémica de auxiliis es un ejemplo paradigmático de la concepción filosófico-teológica que Suárez tiene de la causalidad. Según esta concepción se conjuga la causa como necesidad de la acción eficiente de la naturaleza, la causa como acción voluntaria de la libertad y la causa como ayuda eficaz de la acción de la gracia divina sobre la voluntad libre del hombre. Este opúsculo se pone en relación con la doctrina de la disputación XIX, escrita tres años antes en Salamanca. Mediante esta comparación se concluye que la gracia no determina el acto de la voluntad sino que lo posibilita constituyendo así la raíz misma de la libertad.In 1599, Suarez wrote De concursu et efficaci auxilio Dei ad actus liberi arbitrii necessario in the context of the discussions of the issue of de auxiliis. This work presents the Suarezian philosophical and theological conception of causality, which has three parts: the necessity of effi cient action in nature, freedom of the will, and the effi cacy of the divine grace on human free will. The article also connects the doctrine of De concursu with the thesis contained in Disputatio XIX of 1596. Through this comparison it can be concluded that for Suarez divine grace does not determinate the act of the will but rather makes it possible. In other words, divine grace constitutes the very root of human liberty

In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of the Utility of Dimethyl and Diethyl Carbaporphyrin Ketals in Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis▿†

Carbaporphyrin ketals are porphyrinoid compounds in which a pyrrole ring of a typical porphyrin macrocycle has been replaced by a ketal-substituted indene ring. It was recently demonstrated that these compounds are effective in vitro against Leishmania tarentolae. Their in vitro effectiveness is increased when they are exposed to visible light; they act as photosensitizers capable of mediating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Following on this evidence, the effectiveness and cytotoxicity of the dimethyl and diethyl carbaporphyrin ketals (CKOMe and CKOEt, respectively) were determined in vitro using pathogenic Leishmania species with and without exposure to visible light (2 and 4 h). The effectiveness against various pathogenic Leishmania species was determined to be in a micromolar range. Additionally, the effect of encapsulating the carbaporphyrin ketals in liposome formulations was tested. Liposomal delivery diminished their toxicity, while the effectiveness was enhanced upon exposure to visible light (photodynamic effect). The cytotoxicity levels for human U937 cells and hamster peritoneal macrophages were in the ranges of 0.3 to 9 μM and 7 to 330 μM, respectively. When tested in vivo, using a hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) model of cutaneous leishmaniasis, CKOMe was active even in the dark, suggesting that the compound, once metabolized in the animal tissue, produces an active ingredient that does not seem to be photosensitive. Reduction in lesion size, histopathologic analyses, and smears confirmed the in vivo effectiveness of the compound, since the parasitic load was diminished without noticeable toxic effects