Comments on Government Censorship and Secrecy

Comments on Government Censorship and Secrec

The relationship between the content and quality of ex-spousal interactions and the adjustment of stepchildren: An exploratory study

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between ex-spousal interactions following remarriage and the behavioral and emotional adjustment of stepchildren. The subjects for the study were volunteers and were recruited for the study either through The PACES Family Counseling Center at The College of William and Mary or through a networking sampling procedure. The study participants included stepchildren between the ages of 8 and 16, and their residential biological parents.;Thirty-one stepchild/biological-parent pairs participated in the study by completing a series of questionnaires relevant to ex-spousal interactions and children\u27s adjustment. Ex-spousal interactions were assessed using The Content of Coparental Interactions scale, The Quality of Coparental Communications Scale, and The O\u27Leary-Porter Overt Hostility Scale. Stepchildren\u27s adjustment was measured using The Revised Behavior Problem Checklist and The Piers-Harris Children\u27s Self-Concept Scale. Stepchildren\u27s perceptions of the ex-spousal relationship were assessed using The Children\u27s Perception Questionnaire.;Measures of the content and quality of ex-spousal interactions were statistically analyzed to determine if, and to what extent, they were associated with measures of stepchildren\u27s adjustment. Partial correlation procedures were employed to control for the influence of selected demographic variables in the relationships under investigation. Statistically significant correlations were found between ex-spousal conflict and/or hostility and the self-concept and behavioral adjustment of stepchildren. The highest correlations obtained were between stepchildren\u27s perceptions of ex-spousal discord and stepchildren\u27s adjustment measures.;The results of the study suggest that ex-spousal interactions are a significant factor in children\u27s adjustment even after parental remarriage and the establishment of a stepfamily system. Findings also suggest that stepchildren\u27s perception of ex-spousal discord may be the key determinant in the effect ex-spousal interactions have on stepchildren\u27s self-concept and behavior. The implications of the significant findings of this study are discussed within the context of Structural Family Therapy Theory

Assigned Counsel in Montana: The Law and the Practice

Assigned Counsel in Montana: The Law and The Practic

The moderating role of behavioral self-regulation in relations between neighborhood connection and adolescents' positive adjustment

The current study directly and longitudinally tested relational-developmental systems theories by analyzing whether neighborhood connection facilitates school engagement, self-esteem, and prosocial behavior depending on adolescents' behavioral self-regulation. Participants included 500 U.S. adolescents age 12 at Time 1 and age 16 at Time 2 (67.2% White; 77% from two-parent households; 119,000 USD average household income). Neighborhood connection at age 12 predicted self-esteem at age 16 for adolescents who reported low behavioral self-regulation at age 12. Behavioral self-regulation did not moderate relations between neighborhood connection and self-esteem for those who reported moderate to high behavioral self-regulation. Behavioral self-regulation did not moderate relations between neighborhood connection and prosocial behavior or school engagement. Aligned with relation-developmental systems theories, neighborhood connection facilitated positive personal adjustment among adolescents at-risk due to low behavioral self-regulation. I contextualize my findings within the extant literature, discuss the present study's limitations, and suggest directions for future research.Includes bibliographical reference

A Proposal for a Series of Studies to Explore the Phenomenon of the International Migration of Indonesian Nurses

On January 1st, 2014, Indonesia began implementing universal health coverage. Despite the fact that the density of human resources for health (HRH) is far lower than the International Labor Organization’s benchmark, the Indonesian government is ambitiously committed to providing equal, quality, and extended healthcare services to an estimated population of 257.5 million people by 2019 without putting them in financial hardship. In addition, the government expects to ensure a minimum of 85% of the health recipients is satisfied with attained healthcare services. With respect to nurses, the massive international migration of qualified and motivated Indonesian nurses that has taken place over the last decade is alleged to be one of the factors responsible for the low density. However, at this point, very little publicly available information exists that comprehensively displays the phenomenon. As such, to help stakeholders understand the phenomenon, mitigate the recurrence of massive international migration of Indonesian nurses, and make relevant data-driven HRH policies, a proposal for a series of studies to reveal the phenomenon of the international migration of Indonesian nurses is developed. An 18-month research project with various sampling methods, research instruments, and research methods will be conducted to explore four main international nursing migration issues from multiple study populations. The study populations include migrating and returning Indonesian nurses, nursing organizations both in Indonesia and in four foreign countries, local recruitment agencies, two government agencies in Indonesia, and several Indonesian embassies overseas

Criminal Procedure--Montana Law and the Federal Impact

Criminal Procedure--Montana Law And The Federal Impac

Toward a conceptual framework for early brain and behavior development in autism

Studies of infant siblings of older autistic probands, who are at elevated risk for autism, have demonstrated that the defining features of autism are not present in the first year of life but emerge late in the first and into the second year. A recent longitudinal neuroimaging study of high-risk siblings revealed a specific pattern of brain development in infants later diagnosed with autism, characterized by cortical surface area hyper-expansion in the first year followed by brain volume overgrowth in the second year that is associated with the emergence of autistic social deficits. Together with new observations from genetically defined autism risk alleles and rodent model, these findings suggest a conceptual framework for the early, post-natal development of autism. This framework postulates that an increase in the proliferation of neural progenitor cells and hyper-expansion of cortical surface area in the first year, occurring during a pre-symptomatic period characterized by disrupted sensorimotor and attentional experience, leads to altered experience-dependent neuronal development and decreased elimination of neuronal processes. This process is linked to brain volume overgrowth and disruption of the refinement of neural circuit connections and is associated with the emergence of autistic social deficits in the second year of life. A better understanding of the timing of developmental brain and behavior mechanisms in autism during infancy, a period which precedes the emergence of the defining features of this disorder, will likely have important implications for designing rational approaches to early intervention

Enhanced Labeling Techniques to Study the Cytoskeleton During Root Growth and Gravitropism

Gravity effects the growth and development of all living organisms. One of the most obvious manifestations of gravity's effects on biological systems lies in the ability of plants to direct their growth along a path that is dictated by the gravity vector (called gravitropism). When positioned horizontally, in florescence stems and hypocotyls in dicots, and pulvini in monocots, respond by bending upward whereas roots typically bend downward. Gravitropism allows plants to readjust their growth to maximize light absorption for photosynthesis and to more efficiently acquire water and nutrients form the soil. Despite its significance for plant survival, there are still major gaps in understanding the cellular and molecular processes by which plants respond to gravity. The major aim of this proposal was to develop improved fluorescence labeling techniques to aid in understanding how the cytoskeleton modulated plant responses to gravity