Diary reports of concerns in mothers of infant siblings of children with autism across the first year of life

We examined the home-based concerns reported by mothers of infant siblings of children with autism across the first year of life. At all three ages measured, mothers of high-risk infants were significantly more likely than mothers of low-risk infants to report language, social communication, and restricted and repetitive behavior concerns but were not more likely to report general, medically based concerns. At 6 and 9 months of age, maternal concerns were poorly related to infant or family variables. At 12 months of age, there were moderate correlations between maternal concerns and infant behavior, and concerns were associated with the proband's autism symptoms and mothers' concurrent depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the need to examine high-risk infants' development in the family context.R21 DC 08637 - NIDCD NIH HHS; R01-DC010290 - NIDCD NIH HHS; AS1323 - Autism Speaks; R21 DC008637 - NIDCD NIH HHS; R01 DC010290 - NIDCD NIH HH

Maternal vocal feedback to 9-month-old infant siblings of children with ASD

Infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder display differences in early language and social communication skills beginning as early as the first year of life. While environmental influences on early language development are well documented in other infant populations, they have received relatively little attention inside of the infant sibling context. In this study, we analyzed home video diaries collected prospectively as part of a longitudinal study of infant siblings. Infant vowel and consonant-vowel vocalizations and maternal language-promoting and non-promoting verbal responses were scored for 30 infant siblings and 30 low risk control infants at 9 months of age. Analyses evaluated whether infant siblings or their mothers exhibited differences from low risk dyads in vocalization frequency or distribution, and whether mothers' responses were associated with other features of the high risk context. Analyses were conducted with respect to both initial risk group and preliminary outcome classification. Overall, we found no differences in infants' consonant-vowel vocalizations, the frequency of overall maternal utterances, or the distribution of mothers' response types. Both groups of infants produced more vowel than consonant-vowel vocalizations, and both groups of mothers responded to consonant-vowel vocalizations with more language-promoting than non-promoting responses. These results indicate that as a group, mothers of high risk infants provide equally high quality linguistic input to their infants in the first year of life and suggest that impoverished maternal linguistic input does not contribute to high risk infants' initial language difficulties. Implications for intervention strategies are also discussed.R21 DC 08637 - NIDCD NIH HHS; T32 MH073124 - NIMH NIH HHS; R01-DC010290 - NIDCD NIH HHS; R21 DC008637 - NIDCD NIH HHS; R01 DC010290 - NIDCD NIH HHS; U54 HD090255 - NICHD NIH HH

Chicas de Alli: Defining the Latina Stereotype

This project examines the portrayal of Latina women in U.S. mass media. The project also highlights the stereotypes that are connected with Latina women, as well as how the stereotypes negatively affect these females

RUSSIAN RE-EDUCATION--ITS EFFORTS TO MAKE A NEW MAN

La presente investigación pretende identificar características predominantes de los contribuyentes del centro comercial Polvos Rosados, Tacna-2017; es un tema vigente e importante que cobra interés en estos tiempos actuales, siendo la evasión tributaria un ilícito que influye en la recaudación fiscal perjudicando al Estado, lo cual motivó efectuar el desarrollo del presente estudio. La investigación realizada es de tipo básica y descriptiva. Así mismo, corresponde a un diseño de investigación no experimental debido a que se procedió a observar y analizar los problemas existentes. Se trabajó con una población de 80 comerciantes de ambos sexos del centro comercial Polvos Rosados y la muestra fue la misma población de estudio. Se utilizó un cuestionario como instrumento de investigación para evaluar los factores causantes de la evasión tributaria. Los resultados de la investigación determinan que los factores, que con mayor frecuencia causan la evasión tributaria, se deben principalmente: al bajo grado de instrucción con que cuentan los comerciantes siendo un 60,0% tienen educación primaria; el regular control fiscalizador de la autoridad competente de la SUNAT con un 47,5% y por la falta de compromiso en el cumplimiento tributario que tienen los comerciantes siendo un 12,5%. Existe regular nivel de conocimiento de los regímenes y procedimientos tributarios siendo un 53,3%; se ha determinado que existe una alta evasión de impuestos tributarios siendo 70,0% y el 65,0% de los comerciantes muestran que tienen bajo nivel de compromiso de sus obligaciones tributarias ante la SUNAT. Palabras clave: Contribuyentes, instrucción, regímenes tributarios, comercio y administración tributaria