CreativeLab_Sci&Math: Atividade outdoor no Geopark Naturtejo_7.º Ano

Este recurso consiste numa propostas de trabalho outdoor que se enquadra no âmbito da disciplina de Ciências Naturais, do 7.º ano. . A proposta de trabalho contempla uma pré-saída, uma saída com oito paragens que exploram o valor cultural, científico e educativo do património geológico do Geopark Naturtejo e uma pós-saída.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Identification of new genetic susceptibility loci for breast cancer through consideration of gene-environment interactions

Genes that alter disease risk only in combination with certain environmental exposures may not be detected in genetic association analysis. By using methods accounting for gene-environment (G × E) interaction, we aimed to identify novel genetic loci associated with breast cancer risk. Up to 34,475 cases and 34,786 controls of European ancestry from up to 23 studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium were included. Overall, 71,527 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), enriched for association with breast cancer, were tested for interaction with 10 environmental risk factors using three recently proposed hybrid methods and a joint test of association and interaction. Analyses were adjusted for age, study, population stratification, and confounding factors as applicable. Three SNPs in two independent loci showed statistically significant association: SNPs rs10483028 and rs2242714 in perfect linkage disequilibrium on chromosome 21 and rs12197388 in ARID1B on chromosome 6. While rs12197388 was identified using the joint test with parity and with age at menarche (P-values = 3 × 10(−07)), the variants on chromosome 21 q22.12, which showed interaction with adult body mass index (BMI) in 8,891 postmenopausal women, were identified by all methods applied. SNP rs10483028 was associated with breast cancer in women with a BMI below 25 kg/m(2) (OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.15–1.38) but not in women with a BMI of 30 kg/m(2) or higher (OR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.72–1.11, P for interaction = 3.2 × 10(−05)). Our findings confirm comparable power of the recent methods for detecting G × E interaction and the utility of using G × E interaction analyses to identify new susceptibility loci

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Análise das variações genéticas: caraterização do contexto em que ocorrem as variações de nucleótido único

Mestrado em Matemática e Aplicações - Estatística e Investigação OperacionalA identificação e caracterização das variações genéticas podem ajudar os médicos no diagnóstico e prevenção de doenças com origem genética. Com a sequenciação completa do genoma de referência foi possível, posteriormente, encontrar um grande número de variações genéticas entre a população, das quais as mais comuns são a variação de um único nucle ótido (SNV). No entanto, para ser possível capturar a diversidade humana, tornase necessário sequenciar o genoma de muitas pessoas. O projeto 1000 Genomas surge com objetivo de caracterizar a variação genética humana e construir o maior catálogo público de dados sobre variações, com especial foco nas variações raras. Neste trabalho, pretende-se caracterizar os diferentes tipos de SNVs, recorrendo aos dados disponibilizados na primeira fase do projeto do 1000 Genomas. Esses dados contêm 38 milhões de SNVs identificadas no genoma de 1092 indivíduos, provenientes de 14 populações. Tem-se como objetivo, avaliar a forma como ocorrem os diferentes tipos de SNVs ao longo do genoma, fazendo uma análise por cromossoma ou de acordo com a prevalência, assim como, verificar se os genótipos associados a cada SNV satisfazem o equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg (HWE). Para além disso, acreditando que as variações genéticas não ocorrem por acaso e que numa vizinhança da posição onde ocorre a SNV existir a informação que seja indicadora do fenómeno, um dos objetivos principais deste trabalho e caracterizar o contexto na vizinhança de cada SNV, através da contagem de palavras de diferentes tamanhos. Observou-se que os diferentes tipos de SNVs ocorrem de forma homogénea ao longo do genoma, mas que as frequências de palavras na vizinhança do local de ocorrência da SNV, estão associadas a cada tipo de variação, principalmente nas posições imediatamente adjacentes a esse local. Verificou-se ainda que para a maioria das SNVs, os respetivos genótipos estão de acordo com o HWE.The identi cation and characterization of genetic variations can help physicians in the diagnosis and prevention of diseases with genetic origin. With the complete sequencing of the reference genome, was possible to nd a large number of genetic variations among the population, of which the most common are single nucleotide variation (SNV). However, to be able to capture human diversity, it becomes necessary to sequence the genome of many people. The 1000 Genomes project is designed to characterize human genetic variation and build the largest public catalog of variation data, with a special focus on rare variations. In this work, we intend to characterize the di erent types of SNVs, using the data available in the rst phase of the 1000 Genomes project. These data contain 38 million SNVs identi ed in the genome of 1092 individuals from 14 populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the way di erent types of SNVs occur along the genome, by a chromosome analysis or according to the prevalence, as well as to verify if the genotypes associated to each SNV satisfy the Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). In addition, believing that genetic variations do not occur by chance and that in a neighborhood of the position where the SNV occurs there will be information that is indicative of the phenomenon, one of the main objectives of this work is to characterize the context in the vicinity of each SNV, by counting words of di erent sizes. It was observed that the di erent types of SNVs occur homogeneously throughout the genome, but that the word frequencies in the vicinity of the SNV occurrence site are associated with each type of variation, especially at the positions immediately adjacent to that site. It was also veri ed that for most SNVs, the respective genotypes are in agreement with the HWE

Concepção, implementação e avaliação do projecto curricular de turma no 1.º ciclo do ensino básico : dilemas e constrangimentos : estudo exploratório

Tese de Mestrado em Educação - Especialidade de Desenvolvimento Curricular.Este projecto de investigação centra-se numa análise sobre a forma como os projectos curriculares de turma, no l.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, têm estado a ser concebidos, concretizados e avaliados, bem como alguns dos principais constrangimentos com que os professores se têm deparado em todo esse processo. Trata-se de um trabalho de índole exploratória que teve como população do estudo os professores que, no ano lectivo 2005/2006, leccionaram em escolas do 1.º ciclo do Ensino Básico do concelho de Barcelos. Neste sentido, foi calculada uma amostra representativa da população em causa, num total de 195 professores para a aplicação de um questionário, tendo ainda sido seleccionada uma amostra de oito professores a desempenhar cargos de direcção em agrupamentos do mesmo concelho, para a realização de entrevistas. Com a utilização destes instrumentos de recolha de dados procurámos por um lado, verificar que implicações têm, na acção dos professores do Ensino Básico (a obrigatoriedade d) a concepção, implementação e avaliação de projectos curriculares de turma e, por outro, identificar constrangimentos evidenciados em todo esse processo A partir das diferentes posições assumidas pelos professores inquiridos, foi-nos possível constatar que o processo inerente às diferentes fases do desenvolvimento de projectos curriculares de turma é encarado de diversas formas. Em relação às implicações que o projecto curricular de turma tem na sua acção, na sala de aula, há professores que consideram que realmente se registaram alterações positivas a este nível, enquanto outros, afirmam que apenas levam a cabo esta tarefa como resultado de uma imposição legal. Pudemos, também, verificar que, dos vários constrangimentos referidos, as questões relacionadas com a especificidade da constituição das turmas no 1.º ciclo do Ensino Básico, as condições de trabalho dos professores neste nível de ensino (monodocência) e com a formação que têm recebido, ou falta dela, lideram a lista de dificuldades apresentada.This study is based on an analysis of the way c1ass curricular projects, in primary schools, are being built, developed and evaluated, as same of the main restrictions that teachers have been facing with all that process. This is an exploratory work that had as it' s study population the teachers, that in the school year of 2005/2006, worked in primary schools of Barcelos' district.. A representative sample of the population in question was calculated and a total of 195 teachers answered the questionnaire, it was still selected a sample of 8 teachers that were in management jobs in schools of the same district, to conduct the interviews. By using this instruments to collect the data we intended to verify what implications the (oblige) of building, developing and evaluating c1ass curricular projects have in the primary teachers' actions and, on the other hand, identify restrictions shown in all this process. From the different standings assumed by the teachers, it was possible to verify that the process concerning the different stages of c1ass curricular projects development is faced in several ways. As regards to the restrictions that c1ass curricular projects have in their action, in the c1assroom, some teachers consider that there have been real and positive changes at this level, although others, state that only do this assignment as result of a legal obligation. We could also verify that, of all the restrictions mentioned by the teachers, the ones related to the primary classes specific constitution, to the working conditions of teachers in this level of education (monodocência), and to the formation that have received, or the lack of it, lead the list of difficulties presented