Introduction to a Special Issue on Inequality in the Workplace (“What Works?)

[Excerpt] While overt expressions of racial and gender bias in U.S. workplaces have declined markedly since the passage of the original Civil Rights Act and the creation of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission a half century ago (Eagly and Chaiken 1993; Schuman, Steeh, Bobo, and Krysan 1997; Dobbin 2009), a steady stream of research indicates that powerful, if more covert forms of bias persist in contemporary workplaces (Greenwald and Banaji 1995; Pager, Western, and Bonikowski 2009; England 2010; Heilman 2012). In line with this research, high rates of individual and class-based lawsuits alleging racial and gender discrimination suggest that many employees perceive workplace discrimination to be an important, continuing employment problem (Hirsh 2009). Hence, to ensure workplace equity, prevent legal claims of discrimination, and/or rectify past and potential problems of bias, employers have implemented a growing array of organizational policies and practices aimed at reducing discrimination and increasing inclusion. Sometimes these efforts are voluntary; other times they are driven by specific mandates assigned to firms by courts as part of verdicts or settlements in cases involving charges of discrimination. Given the millions of dollars spent on making and monitoring such changes, surprisingly little evidence exists on the efficacy of various policies and practices adopted by organizations to address the problems and to capture the benefits of having a demographically diverse workforce. And even less evidence is available on the conditions that may moderate the impact of these policies and practices. Within the past decade, however, a limited but increasing body of research has focused on gauging how different practices associated with the label ‘‘diversity management’’ actually affect outcomes for women and minorities in organizations. The aim of this special issue is to bring together contemporary research that builds on this foundation in order to extend our understanding of the current variety of organizational arrangements that are intended to reduce bias and to promote more inclusive workplace

Networks of venture capital firms in Silicon Valley

Abstract: By comparing the network structure of venture capital (VC) firms in Silicon Valley (California) to that of VC firms in Route 128 (Massachusetts), the present study challenges any market-centred theory of regional development. I show that there are advantages in examining the structure of social networks of cooperation within the venture capital industry to understand the level of development of a region. I support two distinctive propositions regarding the regional advantage of Silicon Valley over other US high-technology regions such as Route 128. First, collaboration among VC firms in Silicon Valley is more pronounced and dense than in Route 128. Second, the number of investments and amount of money invested by VCs in Silicon Valley staying local are much higher than the number of investments and moneys invested locally by Route 128 VC firms. I argue that historical development as well as the particular structure of the social networks in Silicon Valley is precisely what has fostered relatively higher growth and development of the region compared to many other regions of the world

Delphi sobre la política sanitaria española en el siglo XXI

El presente trabajo recoge parte de una investigación sociológica sobre los problemas fundamentales del sector sanitario español utilizando un Delphi. Se realiza durante la década de los noventa a una conjunto de los mejores expertos españoles (varones y mujeres) sobre salud y sanidad. La investigación supone la definición de quince problemas específicos sobre la descentralización y reforma del sistema sanitario español. Todas las personas de la muestra contestan a las quince preguntas base, y las entrevistas son luego transcritas. A continuación aparece un análisis sobre las diversas actitudes, razonamientos, y opiniones sobre la política sanitaria en España de cara al siglo XXI. Se presenta una agenda de problemas para resolver desde la política sanitaria tanto pública como privada. Es un documento indispensable para analizar las políticas públicas respecto del sector sanitario español

Measurement of the t-channel single top quark production cross section in pp collisions at √s =7 TeV

Peer reviewe

Calibration of the CMS Drift Tube Chambers and Measurement of the Drift Velocity with Cosmic Rays

Peer reviewe

Measurement of the top-quark mass in tt¯ events with dilepton final states in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Open Access: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.-- Chatrchyan, S. et al.The top-quark mass is measured in proton-proton collisions at s√=7 TeV using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb−1 collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The measurement is performed in the dilepton decay channel tt¯→(ℓ+νℓb)(ℓ−ν¯¯ℓb¯), where ℓ=e,μ. Candidate top-quark decays are selected by requiring two leptons, at least two jets, and imbalance in transverse momentum. The mass is reconstructed with an analytical matrix weighting technique using distributions derived from simulated samples. Using a maximum-likelihood fit, the top-quark mass is determined to be 172.5±0.4 (stat.)±1.5 (syst.) GeV.Acknowledge support from BMWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); MoER, SF0690030s09 and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France);BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MSI (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MON, RosAtom, RAS and RFBR (Russia); MSTD (Serbia); SEIDI and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); ThEP, IPST and NECTEC (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Austrian Science Fund (FWF); the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWTBelgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); and the HOMING PLUS program of Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund.Peer Reviewe

Measurement of B(B)over-bar angular correlations based on secondary vertex reconstruction at √s =7 TeV

This is the pre-print version of the Published Article, which can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2011 Springer VerlagA measurement of the angular correlations between beauty and anti-beauty hadrons (B B-bar) produced in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at the CERN LHC is presented, probing for the first time the region of small angular separation. The B hadrons are identified by the presence of displaced secondary vertices from their decays. The B hadron angular separation is reconstructed from the decay vertices and the primary-interaction vertex. The differential B B-bar production cross section, measured from a data sample collected by CMS and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.1 inverse picobarns, shows that a sizable fraction of the B B-bar pairs are produced with small opening angles. These studies provide a test of QCD and further insight into the dynamics of b b-bar production