Оценка финансового состояния предприятия и направления его улучшения (на примере ОАО «Гомельский мотороремонтный завод»)

Objectives: Sickness absence in workplaces may reflect working conditions. It may also reflect a "healthy hire effect," i.e., that workplaces recruit individuals with experience of sickness absence differently. The purpose of the study was to determine if a history of sickness absence among recruits is associated with the average level of sickness absence in workplaces. Material and Methods: In a register-based follow-up study, Swedish workplaces with at least 5 employees in 2006 were selected (approximately 127 000 workplaces with 3.9 million employees). The workplaces were categorized according to the average workplace sickness absence in 2006 and the recruits were categorized according to the individual sickness absence in 2005. The workplaces with a high average level of sickness absence were more likely than those with a low level to hire employees with high sickness absence in the year preceding employment: men - odds ratio (OR) = 7.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.6-7.8, women OR = 7.5, 95% CI: 6.9-8.1. Results: The results show that there is a greater likelihood of employing individuals with high levels of sickness absence in the workplaces with many days of the average sickness absence than in the workplaces with few days of the average sickness absence. Conclusions: The results suggest that sickness absence in workplaces may reflect a healthy hire effect.Funding Agencies|AFA Insurance [090299]</p

Transoral Robotic Surgery in the Nordic Countries : Current Status and Perspectives

Background: The five Nordic countries with a population of 27 M people form a rather homogenous region in terms of health care. The management of head and neck cancer is centralized to the 21 university hospitals in these countries. Our aim was to gain an overview of the volume and role of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) and to evaluate the need to centralize it in this area as the field is rapidly developing. Materials and Methods: A structured questionnaire was sent to all 10 Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery in the Nordic countries having an active programme for TORS in December 2017. Results: The total cumulative number of performed robotic surgeries at these 10 Nordic centers was 528 and varied between 5 and 240 per center. The median annual number of robotic surgeries was 38 (range, 5-60). The observed number of annually operated cases remained fairly low ( Conclusions: The present results showing a limited volume of performed surgeries call for considerations to further centralize TORS in the Nordic countries.Peer reviewe

Repression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 contributes to increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production in diabetes

Background: Excessive production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a central mechanism for the development of diabetes complications. Recently, hypoxia has been identified to play an additional pathogenic role in diabetes. In this study, we hypothesized that ROS overproduction was secondary to the impaired responses to hypoxia due to the inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) by hyperglycemia. Methods: The ROS levels were analyzed in the blood of healthy subjects and individuals with type 1 diabetes after exposure to hypoxia. The relation between HIF-1, glucose levels, ROS production and its functional consequences were analyzed in renal mIMCD-3 cells and in kidneys of mouse models of diabetes. Results: Exposure to hypoxia increased circulating ROS in subjects with diabetes, but not in subjects without diabetes. High glucose concentrations repressed HIF-1 both in hypoxic cells and in kidneys of animals with diabetes, through a HIF prolyl-hydroxylase (PHD)-dependent mechanism. The impaired HIF-1 signaling contributed to excess production of mitochondrial ROS through increased mitochondrial respiration that was mediated by Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1). The restoration of HIF-1 function attenuated ROS overproduction despite persistent hyperglycemia, and conferred protection against apoptosis and renal injury in diabetes. Conclusions: We conclude that the repression of HIF-1 plays a central role in mitochondrial ROS overproduction in diabetes and is a potential therapeutic target for diabetic complications. These findings are timely since the first PHD inhibitor that can activate HIF-1 has been newly approved for clinical use. Funding: This work was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council, Stockholm County Research Council, Stockholm Regional Research Foundation, Bert von Kantzows Foundation, Swedish Society of Medicine, Kung Gustaf V:s och Drottning Victorias Frimurarestifelse, Karolinska Institute's Research Foundations, Strategic Research Programme in Diabetes, and Erling-Persson Family Foundation for S-B.C.; grants from the Swedish Research Council and Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation for T.A.S.; and ERC consolidator grant for M.M.Peer reviewe

Dissecting the physiology and pathophysiology of glucagon-like peptide-1

Copyright © 2018 Paternoster and Falasca. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. An aging world population exposed to a sedentary life style is currently plagued by chronic metabolic diseases, such as type-2 diabetes, that are spreading worldwide at an unprecedented rate. One of the most promising pharmacological approaches for the management of type 2 diabetes takes advantage of the peptide hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) under the form of protease resistant mimetics, and DPP-IV inhibitors. Despite the improved quality of life, long-term treatments with these new classes of drugs are riddled with serious and life-threatening side-effects, with no overall cure of the disease. New evidence is shedding more light over the complex physiology of GLP-1 in health and metabolic diseases. Herein, we discuss the most recent advancements in the biology of gut receptors known to induce the secretion of GLP-1, to bridge the multiple gaps into our understanding of its physiology and pathology

Diagnosis and Radioimmunotherapy of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas

The diagnosis and treatment of patients with advanced tumors in the head and neck is an interesting challenge where there is a need for new approaches in diagnostics and adjuvant treatment. Differences in antigen expression between tumors and normal tissues provide a means for application of antibody-based targeting techniques. By targeting a structure that is abundant on tumor cells and limited on normal cells, radioactivity can be delivered. The use of positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with head and neck tumors is evaluated in this thesis. PET using the tracer fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is found to play an important diagnostic role and often has a direct clinical impact on planned surgery or other treatment. Possible targeting structures are also investigated in this thesis, and it is concluded that the EGFR and CD44v6 stand out as possible antigens for targeting approaches of squamous cell carcinomas in the head and neck (HNSCC). A radioimmunoassay for quantification of EGFR and CD44v6 is validated and concluded to be a valuable complement to immunohistochemistry for the analysis of tumors and for the planning of radioimmunotherapy. Finally, promising results of radioimmunotherapy in tumor bearing mice with the monoclonal antibody U36 labeled with the alpha emitter astatine-211 are presented. These results demonstrate how differences between tumors and normal tissues can be used to improve diagnostic outcomes and indicate that radioimmunotherapy can be a future adjuvant therapy or treatment of residual disease in HNSCC

Diagnosis and Radioimmunotherapy of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas

The diagnosis and treatment of patients with advanced tumors in the head and neck is an interesting challenge where there is a need for new approaches in diagnostics and adjuvant treatment. Differences in antigen expression between tumors and normal tissues provide a means for application of antibody-based targeting techniques. By targeting a structure that is abundant on tumor cells and limited on normal cells, radioactivity can be delivered. The use of positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with head and neck tumors is evaluated in this thesis. PET using the tracer fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is found to play an important diagnostic role and often has a direct clinical impact on planned surgery or other treatment. Possible targeting structures are also investigated in this thesis, and it is concluded that the EGFR and CD44v6 stand out as possible antigens for targeting approaches of squamous cell carcinomas in the head and neck (HNSCC). A radioimmunoassay for quantification of EGFR and CD44v6 is validated and concluded to be a valuable complement to immunohistochemistry for the analysis of tumors and for the planning of radioimmunotherapy. Finally, promising results of radioimmunotherapy in tumor bearing mice with the monoclonal antibody U36 labeled with the alpha emitter astatine-211 are presented. These results demonstrate how differences between tumors and normal tissues can be used to improve diagnostic outcomes and indicate that radioimmunotherapy can be a future adjuvant therapy or treatment of residual disease in HNSCC

Bredband för framtiden : En marknadsundersökning i Skellefteå kommun

Det kommunalägda bolaget Skellefteå Kraft arbetar aktivt för att förse kommuninvånarna med lämpliga Internetuppkopplingar. De hade därför önskemål om en undersökning som satte kundens behov och attityder i främsta rummet, för att på så sätt identifiera en eller eventuellt flera tekniker som bäst lämpar sig vid en fortsatt bredbandsutbyggnad i kommunen. Med stöd av teorier inom området tjänsteforskning skapades en delvis egen modell, som sedan fungerade som ramverk vid undersökningen. Uppsatsens syfte operationaliserades med hjälp av ett enkätutskick till olika grupper av människor i Skellefteå kommun. Resultaten visade tydligt att det generellt är utförandet av enklare Internettjänster, men med krav på driftsäkerhet, som utgjorde det basala behovet hos respondenterna. De flesta tekniker är kapabla att tillfredställa dessa behov och detta tar kunderna för givet. Det medförde i sin tur att sekundära behov förknippade med mer resurstunga tjänster fick en avgörande roll. Dessutom visade det sig att kunderna lade stor vikt vid hög uppkopplingshastighet och att en stor geografisk tillgänglighet inte värderades lika högt. I första hand rekommenderades en fortsatt utbyggnad av fibernätet och trådlösa alternativ ses snarast som lösningar i undantagsfall eller som en tilläggtjänst för särskilt intresserade

Sick leave and the impact of job-to-job mobility on the future vocational situation Sick leave and the impact of job-to-job mobility on the likelihood of remaining on the labour market -a longitudinal Swedish register study

Abstract Background: Change of job could be a strategy in vocational rehabilitation when return to the original job is not possible, but research is very limited concerning the effects of job mobility on the future vocational situation. The aim of the study was to investigate whether job-to-job mobility affects the likelihood of remaining on the labour market over time among persons who are employed and have experienced long-term sick leave