En los márgenes de las cartografías del poder: Análisis de discursos y prácticas de asociacionismo y participación derivadas del hecho inmigratorio en el Estado Español

Los autores parten del déficit encontrado en los trabajos realizados sobre las especificidades de los procesos de participación de las personas inmigrantes, y en particular en lo que refiere a la incorporación de la crítica feminista. Su propuesta es la elaboración de cartografías específicas que reflejen la multiplicidad de situaciones que se despliegan en el campo social. Referente a las mujeres inmigrantes, los autores subrayan que las investigaciones en curso no tienen en cuenta sus aportaciones en el ámbito de "lo político", señalando además que el feminismo institucional contribuye a la construcción de estas mujeres como víctimas; de sus culturas, de la violencia y del tráfico. Frente a esta percepción, apuesta por enfatizar la agencia de los sujetos como una forma de cuestionar los imaginarios occidentales al respecto

Vincenzo Vincenzi, 'Geometer and Engineer to Cardinal Borja'

This paper analyses the figure of Vincenzo Vincenzi on the basis of documents that place him in Valencia in 1635 as engineer and geometer to Cardinal Gaspar de Borja y Velasco. Vincenzi, who was born in the Urbino region, worked as a hydraulic engineer at the Villa d'Este in Tivoli. In Rome he made his name as the inventor of the windgun and the mobile fountain, inventions that were disseminated through the works of Benedetto Castelli and, above all, those of Giovanni Faber who also served as an intermediary, recommending Vincenzi's services to cardinals such as Emmanuele Pio di Savoia and taking it upon himself to find buyers for the wind gun. Vincenzi worked for the Bentivoglios on the bonifica del Gualtieri, and the Venetian Republic expressed its desire to purchase a number of his inventions, after which he travelled to Spain at the request of Borja in order to drain a salt marsh on the cardinal's estate

Main components of organizational climate in an emergency medical service: a qualitative approach

El presente trabajo ofrece un modelo estructural de los principales componentes del «clima laboral» a partir de una construcción de categorías realizadas mediante el registro de información no estructurada aportada por 7 informantes clave del servicio de urgencias de una organización sanitaria. Para el registro de la información se utilizaron entrevistas en profundidad. Con la intención de organizar y sistematizar la información, se realizó un análisis de contenido de la documentación aportada, transformándola a formato de texto siguiendo el método denominado «Teoría Fundamentada» (Strauss y Glaser,1980). Como resultado, se obtuvo un modelo del concepto basado en 5 componentes principales: «productividad», «relación laboral», «trabajo individual», «satisfacción laboral» y «característicasdel servicio». A diferencia de otros procedimientos de obtención de componentes principales de un concepto, éste permitió dar cuenta del proceso de construcción emergente de las distintas categorías para poder explicitar procesos de construcción del cuerpo substantivo del concepto.This paper presents a structural model of the main components of «organizational climate» from the development of categories based on the registry of non-structured information obtained from 7 key informants, members of an emergency medical service. Information was registered using in-depth interviews. In order to organize and systematize the information, a content analysis of the given documentation was carried out, after transforming it to textformat following the «Grounded Theory» (Strauss & Glaser, 1980). As a result, a model of the concept based on 5 main components was obtained: «productivity», «working relationship », «independent work», «labor satisfaction» and «characteristics of the service». This procedure to obtain the main components of a concept differs from others in that this one described the emergent process of construction of the different categories in order to make explicit the processes of construction of the substantive body of the concept.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación PSI2011-2958

Elaboration of an instrument to measure the construct satisfaction with the training received

In the context of higher education, one of the relevant elements to assess the quality of service rendered by educational institutions is the assessment that students do in terms of “satisfaction with the training received”. Currently, in the literature there are some limitations to determine the main dimensions of the construct “satisfaction with the training received”. The aim of this paper is to present evidence of content validity of a set of indicators to measure this construct. After conducting a review of the literature, and based on a questionnaire previously elaborated to measure satisfaction in training programs, a structural and operational definition of the construct was presented, in order to obtain the main dimensions and subdomains that form the construct. Then, a set of indicators were specified to measure each dimension of the construct. Finally, evidence of content validity was obtained carrying out an expert opinion study. As a result, all the indicators presented were suitable or fairly appropriate based on Osterlind indexes about its degree of adjustment with its dimension, and were considered representative. Other evidence of psychometric properties, reliability and validity are planned to be obtained in the future

Emergent behaviors and scalability for multi-agent reinforcement learning-based pedestrian models

This paper analyzes the emergent behaviors of pedestrian groups that learn through the multiagent reinforcement learning model developed in our group. Five scenarios studied in the pedestrian model literature, and with different levels of complexity, were simulated in order to analyze the robustness and the scalability of the model. Firstly, a reduced group of agents must learn by interaction with the environment in each scenario. In this phase, each agent learns its own kinematic controller, that will drive it at a simulation time. Secondly, the number of simulated agents is increased, in each scenario where agents have previously learnt, to test the appearance of emergent macroscopic behaviors without additional learning. This strategy allows us to evaluate the robustness and the consistency and quality of the learned behaviors. For this purpose several tools from pedestrian dynamics, such as fundamental diagrams and density maps, are used. The results reveal that the developed model is capable of simulating human-like micro and macro pedestrian behaviors for the simulation scenarios studied, including those where the number of pedestrians has been scaled by one order of magnitude with respect to the situation learned.This work has been supported by grant TIN2015-65686-C5-1-R of Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad

Prenatal Metals Exposure and pre-adolescents’ Emotional and Behavioral Problems

Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. We are grateful to all the participants and their families for taking part in this study. We also appreciate the generous contribution in the study of all INMA members. A full roster of the INMA Project researchers can be found at http://www.proyectoinma.org/presentacion-inma/listado-investigadores/en_listado-investigadores.html. This study was supported by grants from Spanish government through the Ministry of Universities under the grant CAS21/00008 and grant for the requalification of the Spanish University, financed by the European Union, NextGeneration EU, Instituto de Salud Carlos III [FIS-FEDER: 13/1944, 16/1288, 17/00663 and 19/1338; FIS-FSE: 17/00260; Miguel Servet-FSE: MSII20/0006, FIS-PI06/0867, FIS-PI09/00090, CPII18/00018], CIBERESP, Department of Health of the Basque Government (2005111093, 2009111069, 2013111089, 2015111065), Generalitat Valenciana [BEST/2020/059, AICO/2020/285 and CIAICO/2021/132] and the Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa (DFG06/002, DFG08/001 and DFG15/221 and DFG 89/17). We also acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the State Research Agency through the "Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019-2023" Program (CEX2018-000806-S), and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program.Emotional and behavioral problems during childhood raise the risk of subsequent developmental of mental disorders. Our aim was to study the association between maternal metal and trace element concentrations during gestation and these problems in 9 year-old children. The study sample comprised Spanish mother-child pairs in the INMA project (n = 1003). Metals and trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl and Zn) were measured in urine samples collected during pregnancy. Inorganic As metabolites were speciated in a subsample (n = 729). Emotional and behavioral problems were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) composed of three scales: internalizing, externalizing and total problems. Sociodemographic, dietary and exposure to other environmental pollutants were obtained through questionnaires. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in brain- and metabolism-related genes APOE, BDNF, GSTP1, and PON1 were determined in cord blood. Multivariate negative binomial models were used. The interaction with sex and genotypes was evaluated including interaction terms. A multi-element analysis was carried out by a principal component analysis. Higher concentrations of Cu, monomethylarsonic acid, and Pb during pregnancy were associated with an increased incidence ratio risk (IRR) between 4.6 and 7.5% for internalizing and externalizing problems for all three CBCL scales in the children. Increasing Mo, Ni and Co concentrations were associated with higher IRR for internalizing problems (up to 8%), and Cd for externalizing problems (6.7%). Modifications by sex and genotypes were found for several associations. Multi-element analysis associated multiple metals and trace elements (Ni, Cu, Se, Cd and Pb) with higher internalizing problems.CRUE-CSIC agreementSpanish government through the Ministry of Universities CAS21/00008Spanish UniversityEuropean Union (EU)NextGeneration EUInstituto de Salud Carlos III Spanish Government 13/1944, 16/1288, 17/00663, 19/1338FIS-FSE 17/00260Miguel Servet-FSE MSII20/0006, FIS-PI06/0867, FIS-PI09/00090, CPII18/00018CIBERESPDepartment of Health of the Basque Government 2005111093, 2009111069, 2013111089, 2015111065Center for Forestry Research & Experimentation (CIEF) BEST/2020/059, AICO/2020/285, CIAICO/2021/132Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa DFG06/002, DFG08/001, DFG15/221, DFG 89/17Spanish GovernmentState Research Agency CEX2018-000806-SGeneralitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Progra

Gestión de la prevención en la obra de rehabilitación del antiguo pañol de Cartagena. Fase de pilotaje

[SPA] A pesar de que, en la actualidad, la prevención de riesgos laborales, en cualquier sector, se encuentra cada vez más regulada, siguen existiendo accidentes laborales evitables. En concreto, el sector de la construcción, comprende una serie de riesgos y factores, que hacen que se trate de uno de los ámbitos donde mayor número de accidentes de trabajo ocurren. Por este motivo, a lo largo de este trabajo, se analiza la prevención de riesgos laborales por medio de un análisis de la obra: Rehabilitación y Adaptación del antiguo Pañol de la comisión naval de regatas, en la Región de Murcia. A lo largo de este trabajo, se puede observar cómo por medio de visitas, y recolección de documentación, se analiza cómo se desarrolla la rehabilitación. A la conclusión del trabajo, no se encuentra finalizada la obra, y siguen desarrollándose las actividades operarias, sin embargo, se han analizado diferentes procesos y actividades, entre la que destaca la fase de micropilotaje. Tras este análisis, se puede concluir que la idiosincrasia de la empresa contratista, ha sido en todo momento la de salvaguardar y minimizar posibles riesgos asociados a las actividades desarrolladas, sin embargo, en algunas ocasiones se han encontrado situaciones a mejorar. No obstante, el proceso ha resultado gratificante, ya que se ha podido observar de primera mano la puesta en práctica de numerosos planes de acción. [ENG] Despite the fact that, at present, the prevention of occupational risks, in any sector, is increasingly regulated, there are still preventable accidents at work. Specifically, the construction sector includes a series of risks and factors, which make it one of the áreas where the highest number of accidents at work occur. For this reason, throughout this work, the prevention of occupational risks is analyzed through an analysis of the work: Rehabilitation and Adaptation of the old Storeroom of the naval regatta commission, in the Region of Murcia. Throughout this work, it can be observed how through visits and documentation collection, how rehabilitation is developed is analyzed. At the conclusion of the work, the work is not finished, and the operational activities continue to be developed, however, different processes and activities have been analyzed, among which the micropiloting phase stands out. After this analysis, it can be concluded that the idiosyncrasy of the contractor company has always been to safeguard and minimize possible risks associated with the activities carried out, however, on some occasions, situations have been found to improve. Nevertheless, the process has been rewarding, as it has been possible to observe first-hand the implementation of numerous action plans.Facultad de Ciencias de la EmpresaFacultad de Ciencias del TrabajoUniversidad Politécnica de Cartagen

Dependency evolution in Spanish disabled population : a functional data analysis approach

In a health context dependency is defined as lack of autonomy in performing basic activities of daily living that require the care of another person or significant help. However, this contingency, if present, changes throughout the lifetime. In fact, empirical evidence shows that, once this situation occurs, it is almost impossible to return to the previous state and in most cases the intensity increases. In this article, the evolution of the intensity in this situation is studied for the Spanish population affected by this contingency. Evolution in dependency can be seen as sparsely observed functional data, where for each individual we get a curve only observed at those points in which changes in the condition of his/her dependency occur. We use functional data analysis techniques such as curve registration, functional data depth or distance-based clustering to analyse this kind of data. This approach proves to be useful in this context since it takes into account the dynamics of the dependency process and provides more meaningful conclusions than simple pointwise or multivariate analysis. The database analysed comes from the Survey about Disabilities, Personal Autonomy and Dependency Situations, EDAD 2008, (Spanish National Institute of Statistics, 2008). The evaluation of the dependency situation for each person is ruled in Spain by the Royal Decree 504/2007 that passes the scale for assessment of the situation set by Act 39/2006. In this article, the scale value for each individual included in EDAD 2008 has been calculated according to this legislation. Differences between sex, ages and first appearance time have been considered and prediction of future evolution of dependency is obtainedThe research of Ana Arribas-Gil was supported by grants ECO2011-25706 and MTM2010-17323 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovatio

Effectiveness of Virtual Reality for Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Evidence-Based Systematic Review

[EN] Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease that is specially characterized by impairments in social communication and social skills. ASD has a high prevalence in children, affecting 1 in 160 subjects. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as an effective tool for intervention in the health field. Different recent papers have reviewed the VR-based treatments in ASD, but they have an important limitation because they only use clinical databases and do not include important technical indexes such as the Web of Science index or the Scimago Journal & Country Rank. To our knowledge, this is the first contribution that has carried out an evidence-based systematic review including both clinical and technical databases about the effectiveness of VR-based intervention in ASD. The initial search identified a total of 450 records. After the exclusion of the papers that are not studies, duplicated articles, and the screening of the abstract and full text, 31 articles met the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes) criteria and were selected for analysis. The studies examined suggest moderate evidence about the effectiveness of VR-based treatments in ASD. VR can add many advantages to the treatment of ASD symptomatology, but it is necessary to develop consistent validations in future studies to state that VR can effectively complement the traditional treatments.Mesa Gresa, P.; Gil Gómez, H.; Lozano Quilis, JA.; Gil-Gómez, J. (2018). Effectiveness of Virtual Reality for Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Evidence-Based Systematic Review. Sensors. 18(8):1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18082486S115188World Health Organizationhttp://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/autism-spectrum-disordersColombi, C., & Ghaziuddin, M. (2017). Neuropsychological Characteristics of Children with Mixed Autism and ADHD. Autism Research and Treatment, 2017, 1-5. doi:10.1155/2017/5781781Merriam-Websterhttps://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/virtual%20realityBird, M.-L., Cannell, J., Jovic, E., Rathjen, A., Lane, K., Tyson, A., … Smith, S. (2017). A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating the Efficacy of Virtual Reality in Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 98(10), e27. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2017.08.084Albiol-Pérez, S., Gil-Gómez, J.-A., Muñoz-Tomás, M.-T., Gil-Gómez, H., Vial-Escolano, R., & Lozano-Quilis, J.-A. (2017). The Effect of Balance Training on Postural Control in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease Using a Virtual Rehabilitation System. Methods of Information in Medicine, 56(02), 138-144. doi:10.3414/me16-02-0004Garcia-Palacios, A., Herrero, R., Vizcaíno, Y., Belmonte, M. A., Castilla, D., Molinari, G., … Botella, C. (2015). Integrating Virtual Reality With Activity Management for the Treatment of Fibromyalgia. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 31(6), 564-572. doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000196Bekelis, K., Calnan, D., Simmons, N., MacKenzie, T. A., & Kakoulides, G. (2017). Effect of an Immersive Preoperative Virtual Reality Experience on Patient Reported Outcomes. Annals of Surgery, 265(6), 1068-1073. doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000002094Orlosky, J., Itoh, Y., Ranchet, M., Kiyokawa, K., Morgan, J., & Devos, H. (2017). Emulation of Physician Tasks in Eye-Tracked Virtual Reality for Remote Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Disease. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 23(4), 1302-1311. doi:10.1109/tvcg.2017.2657018Areces, D., Rodríguez, C., García, T., Cueli, M., & González-Castro, P. (2016). Efficacy of a Continuous Performance Test Based on Virtual Reality in the Diagnosis of ADHD and Its Clinical Presentations. Journal of Attention Disorders, 22(11), 1081-1091. doi:10.1177/1087054716629711Phé, V., Cattarino, S., Parra, J., Bitker, M.-O., Ambrogi, V., Vaessen, C., & Rouprêt, M. (2016). Outcomes of a virtual-reality simulator-training programme on basic surgical skills in robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery. The International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery, 13(2), e1740. doi:10.1002/rcs.1740Pulijala, Y., Ma, M., Pears, M., Peebles, D., & Ayoub, A. (2018). Effectiveness of Immersive Virtual Reality in Surgical Training—A Randomized Control Trial. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 76(5), 1065-1072. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2017.10.002Jarrold, W., Mundy, P., Gwaltney, M., Bailenson, J., Hatt, N., McIntyre, N., … Swain, L. (2013). Social Attention in a Virtual Public Speaking Task in Higher Functioning Children With Autism. Autism Research, 6(5), 393-410. doi:10.1002/aur.1302Mishkind, M. C., Norr, A. M., Katz, A. C., & Reger, G. M. (2017). Review of Virtual Reality Treatment in Psychiatry: Evidence Versus Current Diffusion and Use. Current Psychiatry Reports, 19(11). doi:10.1007/s11920-017-0836-0Liu, X., Wu, Q., Zhao, W., & Luo, X. (2017). Technology-Facilitated Diagnosis and Treatment of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Engineering Perspective. Applied Sciences, 7(10), 1051. doi:10.3390/app7101051Van Bennekom, M. J., de Koning, P. P., & Denys, D. (2017). Virtual Reality Objectifies the Diagnosis of Psychiatric Disorders: A Literature Review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 8. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00163Provoost, S., Lau, H. M., Ruwaard, J., & Riper, H. (2017). Embodied Conversational Agents in Clinical Psychology: A Scoping Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(5), e151. doi:10.2196/jmir.6553Lau, H. M., Smit, J. H., Fleming, T. M., & Riper, H. (2017). Serious Games for Mental Health: Are They Accessible, Feasible, and Effective? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 7. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00209Parsons, S. (2016). Authenticity in Virtual Reality for assessment and intervention in autism: A conceptual review. Educational Research Review, 19, 138-157. doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2016.08.001Den Brok, W. L. J. E., & Sterkenburg, P. S. (2014). Self-controlled technologies to support skill attainment in persons with an autism spectrum disorder and/or an intellectual disability: a systematic literature review. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 10(1), 1-10. doi:10.3109/17483107.2014.921248Ip, H. H. S., Wong, S. W. L., Chan, D. F. Y., Byrne, J., Li, C., Yuan, V. S. N., … Wong, J. Y. W. (2018). Enhance emotional and social adaptation skills for children with autism spectrum disorder: A virtual reality enabled approach. Computers & Education, 117, 1-15. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2017.09.010Chen, C.-H., Lee, I.-J., & Lin, L.-Y. (2016). Augmented reality-based video-modeling storybook of nonverbal facial cues for children with autism spectrum disorder to improve their perceptions and judgments of facial expressions and emotions. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 477-485. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.09.033Didehbani, N., Allen, T., Kandalaft, M., Krawczyk, D., & Chapman, S. (2016). Virtual Reality Social Cognition Training for children with high functioning autism. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 703-711. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.033Lorenzo, G., Lledó, A., Pomares, J., & Roig, R. (2016). Design and application of an immersive virtual reality system to enhance emotional skills for children with autism spectrum disorders. Computers & Education, 98, 192-205. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2016.03.018Wade, J., Zhang, L., Bian, D., Fan, J., Swanson, A., Weitlauf, A., … Sarkar, N. (2016). A Gaze-Contingent Adaptive Virtual Reality Driving Environment for Intervention in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders. ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems, 6(1), 1-23. doi:10.1145/2892636Ke, F., & Lee, S. (2015). Virtual reality based collaborative design by children with high-functioning autism: design-based flexibility, identity, and norm construction. Interactive Learning Environments, 24(7), 1511-1533. doi:10.1080/10494820.2015.1040421Chen, C.-H., Lee, I.-J., & Lin, L.-Y. (2015). Augmented reality-based self-facial modeling to promote the emotional expression and social skills of adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 36, 396-403. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2014.10.015Cheng, Y., Huang, C.-L., & Yang, C.-S. (2015). Using a 3D Immersive Virtual Environment System to Enhance Social Understanding and Social Skills for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 30(4), 222-236. doi:10.1177/1088357615583473Kim, K., Rosenthal, M. Z., Gwaltney, M., Jarrold, W., Hatt, N., McIntyre, N., … Mundy, P. (2014). A Virtual Joy-Stick Study of Emotional Responses and Social Motivation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(12), 3891-3899. doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2036-7Parsons, S. (2015). Learning to work together: Designing a multi-user virtual reality game for social collaboration and perspective-taking for children with autism. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 6, 28-38. doi:10.1016/j.ijcci.2015.12.002Bai, Z., Blackwell, A. F., & Coulouris, G. (2015). Using Augmented Reality to Elicit Pretend Play for Children with Autism. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 21(5), 598-610. doi:10.1109/tvcg.2014.2385092Bekele, E., Crittendon, J., Zheng, Z., Swanson, A., Weitlauf, A., Warren, Z., & Sarkar, N. (2014). Assessing the Utility of a Virtual Environment for Enhancing Facial Affect Recognition in Adolescents with Autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(7), 1641-1650. doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2035-8Escobedo, L., Tentori, M., Quintana, E., Favela, J., & Garcia-Rosas, D. (2014). Using Augmented Reality to Help Children with Autism Stay Focused. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 13(1), 38-46. doi:10.1109/mprv.2014.19Finkelstein, S., Barnes, T., Wartell, Z., & Suma, E. A. (2013). Evaluation of the exertion and motivation factors of a virtual reality exercise game for children with autism. 2013 1st Workshop on Virtual and Augmented Assistive Technology (VAAT). doi:10.1109/vaat.2013.6786186Maskey, M., Lowry, J., Rodgers, J., McConachie, H., & Parr, J. R. (2014). Reducing Specific Phobia/Fear in Young People with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) through a Virtual Reality Environment Intervention. PLoS ONE, 9(7), e100374. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100374Stichter, J. P., Laffey, J., Galyen, K., & Herzog, M. (2013). iSocial: Delivering the Social Competence Intervention for Adolescents (SCI-A) in a 3D Virtual Learning Environment for Youth with High Functioning Autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(2), 417-430. doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1881-0Bekele, E., Zheng, Z., Swanson, A., Crittendon, J., Warren, Z., & Sarkar, N. (2013). Understanding How Adolescents with Autism Respond to Facial Expressions in Virtual Reality Environments. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 19(4), 711-720. doi:10.1109/tvcg.2013.42Cai, Y., Chia, N. K. H., Thalmann, D., Kee, N. K. N., Zheng, J., & Thalmann, N. M. (2013). Design and Development of a Virtual Dolphinarium for Children With Autism. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 21(2), 208-217. doi:10.1109/tnsre.2013.2240700Ke, F., & Im, T. (2013). Virtual-Reality-Based Social Interaction Training for Children with High-Functioning Autism. The Journal of Educational Research, 106(6), 441-461. doi:10.1080/00220671.2013.832999Lorenzo, G., Pomares, J., & Lledó, A. (2013). Inclusion of immersive virtual learning environments and visual control systems to support the learning of students with Asperger syndrome. Computers & Education, 62, 88-101. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2012.10.028Modugumudi, Y. R., Santhosh, J., & Anand, S. (2013). Efficacy of Collaborative Virtual Environment Intervention Programs in Emotion Expression of Children with Autism. Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics, 3(2), 321-325. doi:10.1166/jmihi.2013.1167Wang, M., & Reid, D. (2013). Using the Virtual Reality-Cognitive Rehabilitation Approach to Improve Contextual Processing in Children with Autism. The Scientific World Journal, 2013, 1-9. doi:10.1155/2013/716890Milne, M., Luerssen, M. H., Lewis, T. W., Leibbrandt, R. E., & Powers, D. M. W. (2010). Development of a virtual agent based social tutor for children with autism spectrum disorders. The 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2010.5596584Loomes, R., Hull, L., & Mandy, W. P. L. (2017). What Is the Male-to-Female Ratio in Autism Spectrum Disorder? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(6), 466-474. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.03.013Mesa-Gresa, P., Lozano, J. A., Llórens, R., Alcañiz, M., Navarro, M. D., & Noé, E. (2011). Clinical Validation of a Virtual Environment Test for Safe Street Crossing in the Assessment of Acquired Brain Injury Patients with and without Neglect. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 44-51. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-23771-3_4Spreij, L. A., Visser-Meily, J. M. A., van Heugten, C. M., & Nijboer, T. C. W. (2014). Novel insights into the rehabilitation of memory post acquired brain injury: a systematic review. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00993Pietrzak, E., Pullman, S., & McGuire, A. (2014). Using Virtual Reality and Videogames for Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation: A Structured Literature Review. Games for Health Journal, 3(4), 202-214. doi:10.1089/g4h.2014.001

Constructing a Children's Subjective Well-Being Index: an Application to Socially Vulnerable Spanish Children

It is well-known that traditional economic measures such as household income appear to play less of a role in explaining children's subjective well-being than adults'. This paper focuses on the construction of a children's well-being index taking into account subjective and emotional factors, such as children's experiences of material deprivation and bullying, the quality of family relationships and with peers, the quality of services in their neighbourhood and personal well-being. The index is constructed from principal component analysis and rescaled to 0-100% for better interpretation. Data comes from a survey run in Spain in 2016 by the largest humanitarian organization involved in social programs in the country, covering socially vulnerable children aged 8-11, with around 2,900 respondents. The main findings are: (i) bullying makes the difference between children being moderate or completely unsatisfied with their lives; (ii) there is no a single Spanish region reaching satisfying well-being levels across all the components of the index. The methodology proposed for the construction of the index is general enough to be applied to general child population, regardless their social vulnerability condition or even country, adapting the questionnaire appropriately.Financial support from research project MTM2014-56535-R by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness