Regulación térmica y fotoperiódica del desarrollo de genotipos de soja verde y del crecimiento de sus granos

p.95-99Se evaluaron los efectos del fotoperíodo y la temperatura sobre el desarrollo del cultivo y el crecimiento de los granos en genotipos de soja verde Se realizaron experimentos a campo, incluyendo diferentes fechas de siembra en Buenos Aires y Taiwan. Sólo un genotipo resultó insensible al fotoperíodo mientras que los demás mostraron un respuesta de días cortos. Bajo fotoperíodos cortos se incrementó la tasa de crecimiento de los granos en cuatro de los genotipos y la temperatura ejerció una fuerte regulación

Catabolic response profiles, catabolic uniformity and richness as microbiological indicators in a soil of Pergamino, Buenos Aires Province, with and without previous application of glyphosate

85-91Incubation assay in trays was performed with two soils with different application histories of glyphosate: no application, and previous application. The soils used were Typic Argiudolls of Pergamino, province of Buenos Aires, and the treatments were: control (no application), and 20, 200 and 2000 mg of active ingredient per kg of soil. Sampling was performed at the beginning (T0) and 45 days after (T45). Catabolic response profiles (CRP), catabolic richness and catabolic uniformity were determined according to the methodology based on measuring the differences in respiration induced by substrate in a short time (4 hours). The substrates used in this study were 20, namely, two amines, 5 aminoacids, two carbohydrates, and 11 carboxylic acids. The objective of this work was to compare soils with different histories of application of glyphosate, measuring its effect on catabolic response profiles, catabolic uniformity and catabolic richness. In this study, no differences were observed between catabolic richness among the different sampling times and doses of glyphosate applied. Glyphosate application affected the structure of the soil microbial communities. At the end of the test, soils with all doses of previous herbicide application showed greater catabolic uniformity than soils without previous application

The nematode caenorhabditis elegans as an emerging biological model to study endocrine disruptor pesticides

Un disruptor endócrino (DE) es una sustancia exógena capaz de desbalancear el sistema endócrino, afectando funciones vitales como la reproducción, el metabolismo, el crecimiento, la función cardíaca y el balance de minerales. La complejidad del tema obliga a los investigadores, a la industria y a los entes reguladores a estudiar de manera conjunta los efectos potenciales de la exposición a DE. Para esclarecer las problemáticas asociadas, es necesario proponer un modelo experimental alternativo al de mamíferos, que les permitirá adecuarse a las futuras normativas internacionales. Este proyecto plantea el uso del nematodo Caenorhabditis eleganscomo modelo biológico para el estudio de los mecanismos de acción de los plaguicidas con potencial actividad disruptora endócrina. Este organismo ha resultado un excelente modelo in vivoen disciplinas como biología del desarrollo, genética, ciencias médicas y toxicología. Su ciclo de vida corto, su fácil y bajo costo de mantenimiento y la abundante bibliografía acerca de su fisiología posibilitan el desarrollo de pruebas toxicológicas eficientes y económicas. La información alcanzada en este estudio aportará datos importantes para la estimación de riesgo de plaguicidas con actividad disruptora endócrina y para la innovación de las políticas reguladoras de protección de la salud humana y del medioambiente.An endocrine disruptor (ED) is an exogenous substance that causes an imbalance in the endocrine system and adversely affects many biological functions such as reproduction, metabolism, growth, heart rate and fluid balance. The complexity of this matter requires an interdisciplinary approach from researchers, industry societies and control organizations to fully understand the potential effects of ED compounds. On top of that more important issues that are pending to be solved like the large amount of compounds to be tested for endocrine disruption activity and to establish an in vivo biological model that embrace animal protection regulation to perform all these new set of experiments. This project suggests the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a biological model to study the mechanisms of action of pesticides with putative endocrine disrupting activity. C. elegans has been studied and used as a model organism in several disciplines such as developmental biology, genetics, medical sciences and toxicology. Its short life cycle, simplicity and low cost maintenance together with the large amount of literature on its biology makes C. elegans a perfect tool to develop protocols for efficient and economical compounds screening. The results obtained in this study would provide important data that will help to estimate the risk of pesticides in relation with its endocrine disrupting activity. This information will be useful to modify regulatory policies in order to protect the environment and human health.Fil: Moya, Aldana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Área de Protección Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Kronberg, Maria Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Clavijo Lara, Araceli Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Mazzarella, Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Área de Protección Vegetal; Argentina. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Alimento. Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria; ArgentinaFil: Pagano, Eduardo Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Munarriz, Eliana Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales; Argentin

Papas Chips VIII : tablas de conversión y los parámetros de calidad de tubérculos de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) materia prima para la industria

p.123-131Los valores de peso específico (pe), materia seca (MS) y almidón de los tubérculos de papa son elementos importantes para seleccionar los cultivares (cvs) que se industrializan. Estos tres parámetros se han relacionado por las tablas de conversión, las que a través del dato experimental del pe permiten obtener los de MS y de almidón. Estas tablas son extranjeras, por ello se comparan nuestros valores experimentales de almidón y MS, con lo que se obtendrían de dichas tablas y-o ecuaciones matemáticas. De la confrontación de valores surge la necesidad de disponer de tablas de conversión realizadas en el país, a fin de contar con datos de mayor valor. Se analizaron almidón y materia seca de distintos cvs, de cosecha 1965 a 1980, de diferentes zonas productoras del país, con distinto estado fisiológico y período de almacenamiento. Los valores promedio de materia seca (1.200 determinaciones) y de almidón (600 determinaciones) se correlacionaron. El contenido de MS y de almidón influyen en la calidad de las papas fritas chips. Es importante cuantificar con precisión estos valores para los tubérculos destinados para la industria

The CHEOPS mission

The CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite (CHEOPS) was selected in 2012, as the first small mission in the ESA Science Programme and successfully launched in December 2019. CHEOPS is a partnership between ESA and Switzerland with important contributions by ten additional ESA Member States. CHEOPS is the first mission dedicated to search for transits of exoplanets using ultrahigh precision photometry on bright stars already known to host planets. As a follow-up mission, CHEOPS is mainly dedicated to improving, whenever possible, existing radii measurements or provide first accurate measurements for a subset of those planets for which the mass has already been estimated from ground-based spectroscopic surveys and to following phase curves. CHEOPS will provide prime targets for future spectroscopic atmospheric characterisation. Requirements on the photometric precision and stability have been derived for stars with magnitudes ranging from 6 to 12 in the V band. In particular, CHEOPS shall be able to detect Earth-size planets transiting G5 dwarf stars in the magnitude range between 6 and 9 by achieving a photometric precision of 20 ppm in 6 hours of integration. For K stars in the magnitude range between 9 and 12, CHEOPS shall be able to detect transiting Neptune-size planets achieving a photometric precision of 85 ppm in 3 hours of integration. This is achieved by using a single, frame-transfer, back-illuminated CCD detector at the focal plane assembly of a 33.5 cm diameter telescope. The 280 kg spacecraft has a pointing accuracy of about 1 arcsec rms and orbits on a sun-synchronous dusk-dawn orbit at 700 km altitude. The nominal mission lifetime is 3.5 years. During this period, 20% of the observing time is available to the community through a yearly call and a discretionary time programme managed by ESA.Comment: Submitted to Experimental Astronom

Colorectal Cancer Stage at Diagnosis Before vs During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy

IMPORTANCE Delays in screening programs and the reluctance of patients to seek medical attention because of the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 could be associated with the risk of more advanced colorectal cancers at diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was associated with more advanced oncologic stage and change in clinical presentation for patients with colorectal cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective, multicenter cohort study included all 17 938 adult patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer from March 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021 (pandemic period), and from January 1, 2018, to February 29, 2020 (prepandemic period), in 81 participating centers in Italy, including tertiary centers and community hospitals. Follow-up was 30 days from surgery. EXPOSURES Any type of surgical procedure for colorectal cancer, including explorative surgery, palliative procedures, and atypical or segmental resections. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was advanced stage of colorectal cancer at diagnosis. Secondary outcomes were distant metastasis, T4 stage, aggressive biology (defined as cancer with at least 1 of the following characteristics: signet ring cells, mucinous tumor, budding, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and lymphangitis), stenotic lesion, emergency surgery, and palliative surgery. The independent association between the pandemic period and the outcomes was assessed using multivariate random-effects logistic regression, with hospital as the cluster variable. RESULTS A total of 17 938 patients (10 007 men [55.8%]; mean [SD] age, 70.6 [12.2] years) underwent surgery for colorectal cancer: 7796 (43.5%) during the pandemic period and 10 142 (56.5%) during the prepandemic period. Logistic regression indicated that the pandemic period was significantly associated with an increased rate of advanced-stage colorectal cancer (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95%CI, 1.01-1.13; P = .03), aggressive biology (OR, 1.32; 95%CI, 1.15-1.53; P < .001), and stenotic lesions (OR, 1.15; 95%CI, 1.01-1.31; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cohort study suggests a significant association between the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the risk of a more advanced oncologic stage at diagnosis among patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer and might indicate a potential reduction of survival for these patients

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio