Influence of Sediment Nutrients on Growth of Emergent Hygrophila

Hygrophila ( Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) T. Anderson) is a plants which forms serious aquatic weed problems. Both submerged and emergent growth forms occur. Nutritional studies with a controlled release fertilizer and sediments collected from hygrophila-infested areas were conducted with the emergent growth habit to provide insights into growth of this introduced plant. Plant dry weights for experimental 16- week culture periods with low average temperatures were associated with low amounts of hygrophila biomass as compared to culture periods with high average temperatures. Hygrophila cultured in sand rooting media with the controlled release fertilizer produced as much as 20 times more dry weight than plants cultured in sediments only. First-degree linear regression statistics showed hygrophila dry weights were highly related to ammonia nitrogen, magnesium, sodium, and pH values in the sediments. These findings show the close relationship of the emergent growth habit of hygrophila to sediment nutrients. Analyses for certain sediment characteristics may provide an indication of the potential growth that may be expected for weed infestations of this plant. Hygrophila grows year round in south Florida; however, visual observations of canals and other bodies of water indicate that lower amounts of hygrophila plants occur during the cooler months of year than during the summer season. These findings show the seasonal growth of emergent hygrophila occurs with biomass dependent on both sediment nutrients and temperature

Model for a dune field with exposed water table

Aeolian transport in coastal areas can be significantly affected by the presence of an exposed water table. In some dune fields, such as in Len\c{c}\'ois Maranhenses, northeastern Brazil, the water table oscillates in response to seasonal changes of rainfall and rates of evapotranspiration, rising above the ground during the wet season and sinking below in the dry period. A quantitative understanding of dune mobility in an environment with varying groundwater level is essential for coastal management as well as for the study of long-term evolution of many dune fields. Here we apply a model for aeolian dunes to study the genesis of coastal dune fields in presence of an oscillating water table. We find that the morphology of the field depends on the time cycle, $T_{\mathrm{w}}$, of the water table and the maximum height, $H_{\mathrm{w}}$, of its oscillation. Our calculations show that long chains of barchanoids alternating with interdune ponds such as found at Len\c{c}\'ois Maranhenses arise when $T_{\mathrm{w}}$ is of the order of the dune turnover time, whereas $H_{\mathrm{w}}$ dictates the growth rate of dune height with distance downwind. We reproduce quantitatively the morphology and size of dunes at Len\c{c}\'ois Maranhenses, as well as the total relative area between dunes.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figure

Mitigation of backgrounds from cosmogenic Xe-137 in xenon gas experiments using He-3 neutron capture

[EN] Xe-136 is used as the target medium for many experiments searching for 0 nu beta beta. Despite underground operation, cosmic muons that reach the laboratory can produce spallation neutrons causing activation of detector materials. A potential background that is difficult to veto using muon tagging comes in the form of Xe-137 created by the capture of neutrons on Xe-136. This isotope decays via beta decay with a half-life of 3.8 min and a Q(beta) of similar to 4.16 MeV. This work proposes and explores the concept of adding a small percentage of He-3 to xenon as a means to capture thermal neutrons and reduce the number of activations in the detector volume. When using this technique we find the contamination from Xe-137 activation can be reduced to negligible levels in tonne and multi-tonne scale high pressure gas xenon neutrinoless double beta decay experiments running at any depth in an underground laboratory.The work described was supported by the Department of Energy under Award numbers DE-SC0019054 and DE-SC0019223. The NEXT Collaboration acknowledges support from the following agencies and institutions: the European Research Council (ERC) under the Advanced Grant 339787-NEXT; the European Union's Framework Program for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 (2014-2020) under the Marie Skodowska-Curie Grant Agreements No. 674896, 690575 and 740055; the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of Spain under grants FIS2014-53371-C04, the Severo Ochoa Program SEV-2014-0398 and the Maria de Maetzu Program MDM-2016-0692; the GVA of Spain under grants PROMETEO/2016/120 and SEJI/2017/011; the Portuguese FCT under project PTDC/FIS-NUC/2525/2014, under project UID/FIS/04559/2013 to fund the activities of LIBPhys, and under grants PD/BD/105921/2014, SFRH/BPD/109180/2015 and SFRH/BPD/76842/2011. Finally, we are grateful to the Laboratorio Subterraneo de Canfranc for hosting and supporting the NEXT experiment.Rogers, L.; Jones, BJP.; Laing, A.; Pingulkar, S.; Smithers, B.; Woodruff, K.; Adams, C.... (2020). Mitigation of backgrounds from cosmogenic Xe-137 in xenon gas experiments using He-3 neutron capture. Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics. 47(7):1-17. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/ab8915S117477Nygren, D. (2009). High-pressure xenon gas electroluminescent TPC for 0-ν ββ-decay search. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 603(3), 337-348. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2009.01.222Ferrario, P., Laing, A., López-March, N., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., Álvarez, V., … Cebrián, S. (2016). First proof of topological signature in the high pressure xenon gas TPC with electroluminescence amplification for the NEXT experiment. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2016(1). doi:10.1007/jhep01(2016)104Monrabal, F., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., Toledo, J. F., Laing, A., Álvarez, V., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., … Felkai, R. (2018). The NEXT White (NEW) detector. Journal of Instrumentation, 13(12), P12010-P12010. doi:10.1088/1748-0221/13/12/p12010Martín-Albo, J., Muñoz Vidal, J., Ferrario, P., Nebot-Guinot, M., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., … Cárcel, S. (2016). Sensitivity of NEXT-100 to neutrinoless double beta decay. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2016(5). doi:10.1007/jhep05(2016)159Felkai, R., Monrabal, F., González-Díaz, D., Sorel, M., López-March, N., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., … Azevedo, C. D. R. (2018). Helium–Xenon mixtures to improve the topological signature in high pressure gas xenon TPCs. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 905, 82-90. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2018.07.013McDonald, A. D., Woodruff, K., Atoum, B. A., González-Díaz, D., Jones, B. J. P., Adams, C., … Azevedo, C. D. . (2019). Electron drift and longitudinal diffusion in high pressure xenon-helium gas mixtures. Journal of Instrumentation, 14(08), P08009-P08009. doi:10.1088/1748-0221/14/08/p08009Anton, G., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., … Cen, W. R. (2019). Search for Neutrinoless Double- β Decay with the Complete EXO-200 Dataset. Physical Review Letters, 123(16). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.123.161802Albert, J. B., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P., Beck, D., … Brown, E. (2018). Sensitivity and discovery potential of the proposed nEXO experiment to neutrinoless double- β decay. Physical Review C, 97(6). doi:10.1103/physrevc.97.065503Gando, A., Gando, Y., Hachiya, T., Hayashi, A., Hayashida, S., … Ikeda, H. (2016). Publisher’s Note: Search for Majorana Neutrinos Near the Inverted Mass Hierarchy Region with KamLAND-Zen [Phys. Rev. Lett.117, 082503 (2016)]. Physical Review Letters, 117(10). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.117.109903Jones, B. J. P., McDonald, A. D., & Nygren, D. R. (2016). Single molecule fluorescence imaging as a technique for barium tagging in neutrinoless double beta decay. Journal of Instrumentation, 11(12), P12011-P12011. doi:10.1088/1748-0221/11/12/p12011McDonald, A. D., Jones, B. J. P., Nygren, D. R., Adams, C., Álvarez, V., Azevedo, C. D. R., … Cárcel, S. (2018). Demonstration of Single-Barium-Ion Sensitivity for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay Using Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging. Physical Review Letters, 120(13). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.120.132504Thapa, P., Arnquist, I., Byrnes, N., Denisenko, A. A., Foss, F. W., Jones, B. J. P., … Woodruff, K. (2019). Barium Chemosensors with Dry-Phase Fluorescence for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay. Scientific Reports, 9(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49283-xChadwick, M. B., Herman, M., Obložinský, P., Dunn, M. E., Danon, Y., Kahler, A. C., … Arcilla, R. (2011). ENDF/B-VII.1 Nuclear Data for Science and Technology: Cross Sections, Covariances, Fission Product Yields and Decay Data. Nuclear Data Sheets, 112(12), 2887-2996. doi:10.1016/j.nds.2011.11.002Brown, D. A., Chadwick, M. B., Capote, R., Kahler, A. C., Trkov, A., Herman, M. W., … Dunn, M. (2018). ENDF/B-VIII.0: The 8 th Major Release of the Nuclear Reaction Data Library with CIELO-project Cross Sections, New Standards and Thermal Scattering Data. Nuclear Data Sheets, 148, 1-142. doi:10.1016/j.nds.2018.02.001Martínez-Lema, G., Morata, J. A. H., Palmeiro, B., Botas, A., Ferrario, P., Monrabal, F., … Para, A. (2018). Calibration of the NEXT-White detector using 83mKr decays. Journal of Instrumentation, 13(10), P10014-P10014. doi:10.1088/1748-0221/13/10/p10014Agostinelli, S., Allison, J., Amako, K., Apostolakis, J., Araujo, H., Arce, P., … Barrand, G. (2003). Geant4—a simulation toolkit. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 506(3), 250-303. doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(03)01368-8Albert, J. B., Daugherty, S. J., Johnson, T. N., O’Conner, T., Kaufman, L. J., Couture, A., … Krtička, M. (2016). Measurement of neutron capture onXe136. Physical Review C, 94(3). doi:10.1103/physrevc.94.034617Batchelor, R., Aves, R., & Skyrme, T. H. R. (1955). Helium‐3 Filled Proportional Counter for Neutron Spectroscopy. Review of Scientific Instruments, 26(11), 1037-1047. doi:10.1063/1.1715182Gibbons, J. H., & Macklin, R. L. (1959). Total Neutron Yields from Light Elements under Proton and Alpha Bombardment. Physical Review, 114(2), 571-580. doi:10.1103/physrev.114.571Haesner, B., Heeringa, W., Klages, H. O., Dobiasch, H., Schmalz, G., Schwarz, P., … Käppeler, F. (1983). Measurement of theHe3andHe4total neutron cross sections up to 40 MeV. Physical Review C, 28(3), 995-999. doi:10.1103/physrevc.28.995Antolković, B., Paić, G., Tomaš, P., & Rendić, D. (1967). Study of Neutron-Induced Reactions onHe3atEn=14.4MeV. Physical Review, 159(4), 777-781. doi:10.1103/physrev.159.777Seagrave, J. D., Cranberg, L., & Simmons, J. E. (1960). Elastic Scattering of Fast Neutrons by Tritium andHe3. Physical Review, 119(6), 1981-1991. doi:10.1103/physrev.119.1981Sayres, A. R., Jones, K. W., & Wu, C. S. (1961). Interaction of Neutrons withHe3. Physical Review, 122(6), 1853-1863. doi:10.1103/physrev.122.1853Als-Nielsen, J., & Dietrich, O. (1964). Slow Neutron Cross Sections forHe3, B, and Au. Physical Review, 133(4B), B925-B929. doi:10.1103/physrev.133.b925Bertini, H. W. (1963). Low-Energy Intranuclear Cascade Calculation. Physical Review, 131(4), 1801-1821. doi:10.1103/physrev.131.1801Barashenkov, V. S., Bertini, H. W., Chen, K., Friedlander, G., Harp, G. D., Iljinov, A. S., … Toneev, V. D. (1972). Medium energy intranuclear cascade calculations: a comparative study. Nuclear Physics A, 187(3), 531-544. doi:10.1016/0375-9474(72)90678-1BERTINI, H. W. (1969). Intranuclear-Cascade Calculation of the Secondary Nucleon Spectra from Nucleon-Nucleus Interactions in the Energy Range 340 to 2900 MeV and Comparisons with Experiment. Physical Review, 188(4), 1711-1730. doi:10.1103/physrev.188.1711Wright, D. H., & Kelsey, M. H. (2015). The Geant4 Bertini Cascade. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 804, 175-188. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2015.09.058Kudryavtsev, V. A. (2009). Muon simulation codes MUSIC and MUSUN for underground physics. Computer Physics Communications, 180(3), 339-346. doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2008.10.013Aharmim, B., Ahmed, S. N., Andersen, T. C., Anthony, A. E., Barros, N., Beier, E. W., … Biller, S. D. (2009). Measurement of the cosmic ray and neutrino-induced muon flux at the Sudbury neutrino observatory. Physical Review D, 80(1). doi:10.1103/physrevd.80.012001Wittenberg, L. J., Santarius, J. F., & Kulcinski, G. L. (1986). Lunar Source of3He for Commercial Fusion Power. Fusion Technology, 10(2), 167-178. doi:10.13182/fst86-a24972Ahmad, Q. R., Allen, R. C., Andersen, T. C., D.Anglin, J., Barton, J. C., Beier, E. W., … Black, R. A. (2002). Direct Evidence for Neutrino Flavor Transformation from Neutral-Current Interactions in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. Physical Review Letters, 89(1). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.89.011301Amsbaugh, J. F., Anaya, J. M., Banar, J., Bowles, T. J., Browne, M. C., Bullard, T. V., … Deng, H. (2007). An array of low-background 3He proportional counters for the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 579(3), 1054-1080. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2007.05.321Tastevin, G. (2000). Optically Polarized Helium-3 for N.M.R. Imaging in Medicine. Physica Scripta, T86(1), 46. doi:10.1238/physica.topical.086a00046Fain, S., Schiebler, M. L., McCormack, D. G., & Parraga, G. (2010). Imaging of lung function using hyperpolarized helium-3 magnetic resonance imaging: Review of current and emerging translational methods and applications. 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(2014). The FLUKA Code: Developments and Challenges for High Energy and Medical Applications. Nuclear Data Sheets, 120, 211-214. doi:10.1016/j.nds.2014.07.049Ferrari, A., Sala, P. R., Fasso, A., & Ranft, J. (2005). FLUKA: A Multi-Particle Transport Code. doi:10.2172/87750

Mitigation of backgrounds from cosmogenic 137Xe in xenon gas experiments using 3He neutron capture

136Xe is used as the target medium for many experiments searching for 0¿ßß. Despite underground operation, cosmic muons that reach the laboratory can produce spallation neutrons causing activation of detector materials. A potential background that is difficult to veto using muon tagging comes in the form of 137Xe created by the capture of neutrons on 136Xe. This isotope decays via beta decay with a half-life of 3.8 min and a Q ß of ~4.16 MeV. This work proposes and explores the concept of adding a small percentage of 3He to xenon as a means to capture thermal neutrons and reduce the number of activations in the detector volume. When using this technique we find the contamination from 137Xe activation can be reduced to negligible levels in tonne and multi-tonne scale high pressure gas xenon neutrinoless double beta decay experiments running at any depth in an underground laboratory

Exploring Memory Interventions in Depression through Lifelogging Lens

Depression is a major affective disorder with significant socio-economic cost. Distinctive autobiographical memory impairments in depression include overgeneralization, negative-bias, and repetitive negative thinking. Some psychotherapeutic interventions are designed to address these impairments, with insufficient technological support. This paper reports on an analysis of four memory-based interventions proven effective in therapeutic practice for depression, while explores the memory impairments addressed by these interventions. We address these findings into three design implications for digital tools in this space. We suggest supports for enriched positive memory recall, strategically negative memory reappraisal and future episodic imagination

Volatile and Organic Compositions of Sedimentary Rocks in Yellowknife Bay, Gale crater, Mars

H₂O, CO₂, SO₂, O₂, H₂, H₂S, HCl, chlorinated hydrocarbons, NO and other trace gases were evolved during pyrolysis of two mudstone samples acquired by the Curiosity rover at Yellowknife Bay within Gale crater, Mars. H₂O/OH-bearing phases included 2:1 phyllosilicate(s), bassanite, akaganeite, and amorphous materials. Thermal decomposition of carbonates and combustion of organic materials are candidate sources for the CO₂. Concurrent evolution of O₂ and chlorinated hydrocarbons suggest the presence of oxychlorine phase(s). Sulfides are likely sources for S-bearing species. Higher abundances of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the mudstone compared with Rocknest windblown materials previously analyzed by Curiosity suggest that indigenous martian or meteoritic organic C sources may be preserved in the mudstone; however, the C source for the chlorinated hydrocarbons is not definitively of martian origin

Elemental Geochemistry of Sedimentary Rocks at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars

Sedimentary rocks examined by the Curiosity rover at Yellowknife Bay, Mars, were derived from sources that evolved from approximately average Martian crustal composition to one influenced by alkaline basalts. No evidence of chemical weathering is preserved indicating arid, possibly cold, paleoclimates and rapid erosion/deposition. Absence of predicted geochemical variations indicates that magnetite and phyllosilicates formed by diagenesis under low temperature, circum-neutral pH, rock-dominated aqueous conditions. High spatial resolution analyses of diagenetic features, including concretions, raised ridges and fractures, indicate they are composed of iron- and halogen-rich components, magnesium-iron-chlorine-rich components and hydrated calcium-sulfates, respectively. Composition of a cross-cutting dike-like feature is consistent with sedimentary intrusion. Geochemistry of these sedimentary rocks provides further evidence for diverse depositional and diagenetic sedimentary environments during the early history of Mars

The Petrochemistry of Jake_M: A Martian Mugearite

“Jake_M,” the first rock analyzed by the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer instrument on the Curiosity rover, differs substantially in chemical composition from other known martian igneous rocks: It is alkaline (>15% normative nepheline) and relatively fractionated. Jake_M is compositionally similar to terrestrial mugearites, a rock type typically found at ocean islands and continental rifts. By analogy with these comparable terrestrial rocks, Jake_M could have been produced by extensive fractional crystallization of a primary alkaline or transitional magma at elevated pressure, with or without elevated water contents. The discovery of Jake_M suggests that alkaline magmas may be more abundant on Mars than on Earth and that Curiosity could encounter even more fractionated alkaline rocks (for example, phonolites and trachytes)

X-ray Diffraction Results from Mars Science Laboratory: Mineralogy of Rocknest at Gale Crater

The Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity scooped samples of soil from the Rocknest aeolian bedform in Gale crater. Analysis of the soil with the Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) x-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument revealed plagioclase (~An57), forsteritic olivine (~Fo62), augite, and pigeonite, with minor K-feldspar, magnetite, quartz, anhydrite, hematite, and ilmenite. The minor phases are present at, or near, detection limits. The soil also contains 27 ± 14 weight percent x-ray amorphous material, likely containing multiple Fe^(3+)- and volatile-bearing phases, including possibly a substance resembling hisingerite. The crystalline component is similar to the normative mineralogy of certain basaltic rocks from Gusev crater on Mars and of martian basaltic meteorites. The amorphous component is similar to that found on Earth in places such as soils on the Mauna Kea volcano, Hawaii