New Records For the Turkish Freshwater Algal Flora in Twenty Five River Basins of Turkey, Part Vi: Charophyta

DergiPark: 875740trkjnatAlthough planktonic algae are a basic component of freshwater ecosystems, studies on their diversity and species distribution are still not in satisfactory numbers. This study aims to contribute to Turkish freshwater algal flora particularly with the new records reported. A total of 158 Charophyta taxa were determined in the study conducted from 2017 to 2019 in 25 river basins of Turkey. In this study, while the highest Charophyta taxon was found in Sakarya and Batı Akdeniz basins with 50 and 42 taxa, respectively, Burdur basin was the only basin where we did not find the Charophyta species. The highest Charophyta diversity was observed in Girdev Lake (Batı Akdeniz basin) and Işık Dağı Karagöl Lake (Sakarya basin) among the lakes of Turkey’s 25 river basins. Thirty-one of these Charophyta taxa represent new records for the freshwater algal flora of Turkey. Of these, 13 species are commonly distributed, while 18 species have rare distribution areas. Morphology, ecology, and distribution of each taxon were also discussed in details.Planktonik algler tatlı su ekosistemlerinin temel bir bileşeni olmasına rağmen, onların çeşitliliği ve tür dağılımları konusundaki çalışmalar hala tatmin edici sayılarda değildir. Bu çalışma, özellikle raporlanan yeni kayıtlarla Türkiye tatlı su alg florasına katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. 2017-2019 yılları arasında Türkiye'nin 25 nehir havzasında yapılan bu çalışmada toplam 158 Charophyta taksonu tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, en yüksek Charophyta taksonuna sırasıyla 50 ve 42 takson sayısıyla Sakarya ve Batı Akdeniz havzalarında rastlanırken, Charophyta türüne rastlamadığımız tek havza Burdur olmuştur. Türkiye'nin 25 akarsu havzasındaki göller arasında en fazla Charophyta çeşitliliği Girdev Gölü (Batı Akdeniz havzası) ve Işık Dağı Karagöl (Sakarya havzası)’de görülmüştür. Tespit edilen bu Charophyta taksonlarının 31’i Türkiye'deki tatlısu alg florası için yeni kayıt niteliğindedir. Bunlardan 13 tür yayılış alanı olarak yaygın iken, 18 tür nadir yayılış alanına sahiptir. Her bir taksonun morfolojisi, ekolojisi ve dağılımı da ayrıntılı olarak verilmiştir

Temperature Effects Explain Continental Scale Distribution of Cyanobacterial Toxins

Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale. Direct and indirect effects of temperature were the main drivers of the spatial distribution in the toxins produced by the cyanobacterial community, the toxin concentrations and toxin quota. Generalized linear models showed that a Toxin Diversity Index (TDI) increased with latitude, while it decreased with water stability. Increases in TDI were explained through a significant increase in toxin variants such as MC-YR, anatoxin and cylindrospermopsin, accompanied by a decreasing presence of MC-LR. While global warming continues, the direct and indirect effects of increased lake temperatures will drive changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in Europe, potentially promoting selection of a few highly toxic species or strains.Peer reviewe

Growth, Fatty Acids, and Protein Profiles of Carp (Cyprinus carpio L. 1758) Fed Diets with Incremental Levels of Sunflower Seed Meal

This study evaluates the growth performance and nutritive value of carp fed diets containing moderate levels of sunflower seed meal in partial replacement of fishmeal. Four isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated with 0% (control), 15%, 30%, or 45% sunflower seed meal and fed to triplicate groups of carp (993.82±11.68 g). Growth was assessed using a range of biometric parameters and nutrient utilization was determined by muscle content, fatty acids, and electrophoretic protein profiles of tissues. Condition factor and survival were unaffected by the sunflower seed level butweight gain, protein efficiency rate, and absolute and specific growth ratessignificantly declined as the inclusion level rose. Feed conversion ratio negatively correlated with SGR and reflected feed intake. There were no significant effects on protein, lipid, or pH content of fish, but there were slight alterations in dry matter and ash values. Total saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) dropped as the incorporation of sunflower seed meal increased, contrary to total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of both diets and flesh. Minor differences existed in the fractions of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins, independent of the dietary treatment. In conclusion, sunflower seed inclusion beyond 15% can lead to changes in growth performance and fatty acid composition

Ecological anatomical and morphological studies on Ulva rigida C. Agardh (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta in the coast of İzmir (Aegean Sea-Turkey)

A series of morphological, anatomical and ecological characters of Ulva rigida collected from six locations along the coast of İzmir were determined. The size and morphology of thallus, thickness of marginal, mid and basal regions showed variations according to the changes in season and location. U. rigida consisted of smaller thalli in nutrient limited rough water coast and produced larger, lobed thalli which was characteristic of spring summer growth in relatively stagnant coast rich in nutrients. Thallus length and thallus breadth varied between 2-360 cm and 3-160 cm, respectively. The increased concentrations of nutrients due to the pollution were effective on anatomic and morphometric characters.İzmir kıyısında 6 bölgeden toplanan U. rigida örneklerinde bir seri morfolojik, anatomik ve ekolojik özellikler belirlenmiştir. Tallusun boyutu ve morfolojisi, marjinal, orta ve bazal bölgelerin kalınlıkları, mevsim ve bölgesel değişimlere göre varyasyonlar göstermiştir. U. rigida, besince sınırlı dalgalı kıyılarda daha küçük tallusa sahipken, besince zengin nisbeten durgun kıyılarda ise yaz bahar gelişiminin özelliği olan daha büyük ve loblu tallusa sahiptir. Tallus uzunluğu ve genişliği sırasıyla 2-360 cm ile 3-160 cm arasında değişmiştir. Kirlenme nedeniyle artan besin maddeleri derişimi anatomik ve morfometrik özellikleri etkilemektedir

Aquaculture In Turkey

Marine and freshwater aquaculture in Turkey have grown substantially. The first trout farm was established in the 1960s and the first marine cage farm for sea bream and sea bass in 1985. From the beginning of the 1970s to 1999 the number of licensed fish farms increased from two to 1,444. Since 1995, the number of cage farms has grown to 57 and production reached 4,100 tons in 1999. Total aquaculture production grew from 3,075 tons in 1986 to 63,000 tons in 1999. Production is dominated by inland production, mainly of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), which supplies 60% of the total. From 1995 to 1999, marine production increased from 8,494 tons to 25,230 tons. The major contributors are sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Because of the rel- atively high temperatures in the Black Sea, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), cultured from the late 1980s to 1997, is no longer grown; only rainbow trout (O. mykiss) in floating net cages is produced. Because of the growing demand caused by increased population and export, aquaculture pro- duction and consumption in Turkey are expected to grow. New fish and shellfish species, mainly marine, are being developed. The bureaucracy involved in licensing fish farms, especially in marine environments, is complicated, time-consuming, and suffers from a lack of technical knowl- edge and insufficient exchange of know-how and cooperation concerning new developments. * Corresponding author. Present address: Istanbul Universitesi, Su Ürünleri Fakültesi, 34470 Laleli, Istanbul, Turkey; e-mail: [email protected]

Phytoplankton functional groups provide a quality assessment method by the Q assemblage index in Lake Mogan (Turkey)

WOS: 000329171500017The aim of this research is to test the Q phytoplankton assemblage index based on phytoplankton functional groups in Lake Mogan and to provide a quality state estimation by data from 2006. Phytoplankton was sampled at 2 stations of the lake, paralleled with physical (water temperature, Secchi depth, pH, conductivity) and chemical (DO, chlorophyll-a, alkalinity, total hardness, soluble reactive phosphorus, total phosphorus, NO2-N, NO3-N, NH3-N) analyses. The Q index was able to follow the main seasonal changes of the physical and chemical parameters and indicated a moderate ecological status for Lake Mogan. Phytoplankton biomass varied between 0.75 and 10.12 mg/L in the research period, and provided a similar ecological state by Q index, chlorophyll-a, total phosphorus, and Secchi depth. A total of 76 phytoplankton species were identified in the study period, belonging to 12 functional groups. The seasonal succession of dominant functional groups followed this sequence of coda: X2 (Chlamydomonas), Lo (Merismopedia, Peridinium, Chroococcus), F (Botryococcus, Sphaerocystis, Oocystis, Planktosphaeria), S1 (Phormidium, Planktothrix), M (Microcystis), and F (Botryococcus, Oocystis).Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [106Y189]This study was sponsored by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, project no: 106Y189). We thank Alec Rylands for language assistance and Prof Dr Kemal Celik for his valuable advice

Influence of Trout Cage Culture On Water Quality, Plankton And Benthos Anatolian Dam Lake

The effects of rainbow trout cage culture on water quality, phytoplankton, zooplankton and ben- thos were investigated in a cage farm of 30 ton capacity in Kesikköprü dam lake. Water tempera- ture did not differ among stations while dissolved oxygen and pH values were slightly lower in the station with cages. Significant and insignificant increases were detected in concentrations of ammonia, nitrate, orthophosphate and chlorophyll a in the cage station. Also, the abundance of phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos was highest in the cage station. The composition of phy- toplankton was not fundamentally different among stations except for a higher abundance of Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae species in the cage station in November. The composition of zooplankton and benthos did not differ among stations; rotifers and gastropods were dominant, respectively