An event in the iberoamerican cooperation for the conservation and utilization of the zoogenetic resources

Between 1st and 4th of December, 2003; an event was celebrated in the city of Recife (Pernambuco, Brazil) congregating more than 200 researchers of 16 countries, to present results and discuss the last advances in the Iberoamerican Zoogenetics Resources Conservation and Utilization Area, taking into account contents over Genetics, Assisted reproduction, Rural development and Ethnology. In the present editorial a slight introduction is developed to locate the reader in the objectives, the contents and the development of the event, standing out the rule developed by the organizers, the supporters and the contributors.Del uno al cuatro de diciembre de 2003 se celebró en la ciudad de Recife (Pernambuco, Brasil) un evento que congregó a más de 200 investigadores de 16 países, para presentar resultados y discutir los últimos avances en el área de la conservación y utilización de los Recursos Zoogenéticos de Iberoamérica, tratándose contenidos sobre Genética, Reproducción asistida, Desarrollo rural, y Etnología principalmente. En la presente editorial se realiza una somera introducción para ubicar al lector en los objetivos, los contenidos y el desarrollo del evento, resaltando el papel desarrollado por los organizadores, patrocinadores y participantes

Estimation of morphoestructural traits in moxoto breed goats

The raising goat systems in Brazil are characterized as extensive or semi-extensive in the majority of them. In native breeds dominate the extensive system, being common introduction of exotic breed as Anglo Nubian and Boer. In addition, the geographic isolation difficulty change of sires, promote genetic isolation and changes in breed pattern, consequently. The objective of the present work were to evaluate eleven quantitative morphoestructural traits: raised to the withers (RW), raised to the entrance of croup (RC), thoracic perimeter (PT), width of croup (WC), length of croup (LC), width of head (WH), face length (FL), width of face (WF), ear size (ES), shin circumference of the cinnamon (CCi) of 313 Moxoto animal breed of several municipality of Pernambuco and Paraíba States, northeastern, semi arid region of Brazil. According to canonical analyses it is possible to verify diferentiation and sub populations formation.Os sistemas de produção de caprinos no Brasil caracterizam-se na sua maioria como extensivo ou semi-extensivo. Porém, na criação de caprinos nativos predomina o sistema ultra-extensivo, sendo comum a introdução de animais exóticos, principalmente das raças Anglo Nubiana e Boer para cruzamento com o rebanho local, fato que tem contribuído para diluição genética e perda das características raciais.. Além disso, o isolamento geográfico a que estão submetidos, dificulta a troca de reprodutores entre rebanhos, promove isolamento genético e como conseqüência final, mudanças no padrão racial. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo utilizar onze variáveis morfo-estruturais de natureza quantitativas, tais como: longitude da cabeça (LC); longitude do rosto (LR); largura da cabeça (LCa); comprimento do corpo (CC); perímetro torácico (PT); altura da cernelha (AC); altura da região sacral (ARS); largura da garupa (LG); longitude da garupa (LGa); perímetro da canela (PCa) e; tamanho da orelha (TO) de 313 animais da raça caprina Moxotó, de diferentes municípios dos Estados de Pernambuco e Paraíba, região semi-árida do Nordeste brasileiro. Pela análise canônica foi possível verificar diferenciação e formação de sub-populações dentro da raça

É a Murciano-Granadina raça única? Um enfoque genético-molecular

The population structure of the Murciano-Granadina breed was determined using 25 microsatellites from 266 goats of seven populations. The results of the genetic differentiation analysis showed that it is possible to differentiate the Murciana and Granadina populations even though a low FST value (0.0432) had been obtained. Individuals could be assigned to their populations with a success rate of more than 80%. Bayesian-based clustering analysis of allele frequencies and multivariate analysis revealed that Murciana and Granadina populations were grouped in different clusters since K=3. The results demonstrate that Murciana and Granadina are still two different genetic groups included into Murciano-Granadina denomination. There is the opportunity to the genetically manage these populations, under a single herd-book but adding the necessary modifications to respect the conservation of the genetic diversity based on the use of multibreed models of genetic evaluationDeterminou-se a estrutura da raça Murciano-Granadina, usando-se 25 microssatélites e 266 animais de sete populações. Os resultados da diferenciação genética mostram que é possível diferenciar populações de Murciana e Granadina, apesar dos baixos valores de FST obtidos – 0.0432. Os indivíduos foram designados às suas populações com taxa de sucesso superior a 80%. A análise bayesiana de agrupamento das frequências alélicas e a análise multivariada revelaram que as populações Murciana e Granadina foram agrupadas em diferentes clusters, uma vez que o melhor K obtido foi três. Os resultados demonstraram que Murciana e Granadina ainda são dois grupos genéticos distintos incluídos na denominação Murciano-Granadina. É possível manejar geneticamente essas populações dentro de um único livro de registro, porém adotando-se as modificações necessárias em relação à conservação e à diversidade genética, com base no uso de modelos de avaliação multirracia

On linearly related sequences of derivatives of orthogonal polynomials

We discuss an inverse problem in the theory of (standard) orthogonal polynomials involving two orthogonal polynomial families (Pn)n and (Qn)n whose derivatives of higher orders m and k (resp.) are connected by a linear algebraic structure relation such as for all n=0,1,2,..., where M and N are fixed nonnegative integer numbers, and ri,n and si,n are given complex parameters satisfying some natural conditions. Let u and v be the moment regular functionals associated with (Pn)n and (Qn)n (resp.). Assuming 0[less-than-or-equals, slant]m[less-than-or-equals, slant]k, we prove the existence of four polynomials [Phi]M+m+i and [Psi]N+k+i, of degrees M+m+i and N+k+i (resp.), such that the (k-m)th-derivative, as well as the left-product of a functional by a polynomial, being defined in the usual sense of the theory of distributions. If k=m, then u and v are connected by a rational modification. If k=m+1, then both u and v are semiclassical linear functionals, which are also connected by a rational modification. When k>m, the Stieltjes transform associated with u satisfies a non-homogeneous linear ordinary differential equation of order k-m with polynomial coefficients.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WK2-4SSNDCC-2/1/2844d686d4f273e5ddf7b4d7146c9ee

Deficiencia de vitamina B12 en diabéticos tipo 2 tratados con metformina

Sr. Director: La metformina es uno de los tratamientos hipoglucemiantes más utilizados entre los diabéticos tipo 2. Son conocidos sus efectos secundarios gastrointestinales, causa no despreciable de abandono del tratamiento, pero es menos considerada su relación con la deficiencia de vitamina B12(vit. B12). La evaluación del fármaco (DrugDex) valora la incidencia de deficiencia de vit. B12 en el 7%. Parece que el riesgo de deficiencia aumenta en los pacientes que reciben dosis más altas de metformina y con tratamientos de mayor duración. Algo confirmado en un reciente ensayo clínico aleatorizado multicéntrico con diabéticos tipo 2 dependientes de insulina aleatorizados a recibir 850 mg de metformina o placebo tres veces al día durante 4,3 años..

Biochemical biomarkers for multiple sclerosis

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Although there is currently no definite cure for MS, new therapies have recently been developed based on a continuous search for new biomarkers. Development: MS diagnosis relies on the integration of clinical, imaging and laboratory findings as there is still no single pathognomonic clinical feature or diagnostic laboratory biomarker. The most commonly laboratory test used is the presence of immunoglobulin G oligoclonal bands (OCB) in cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients. This test is now included in the 2017 McDonald criteria as a biomarker of dissemination in time. Nevertheless, there are other biomarkers currently in use such as kappa free light chain, which has shown higher sensitivity and specificity for MS diagnosis than OCB. In addition, other potential laboratory tests involved in neuronal damage, demyelination and/or inflammation could be used for detecting MS. Conclusions: CSF and serum biomarkers have been reviewed for their use in MS diagnosis and prognosis to stablish an accurate and prompt MS diagnosis, crucial to implement an adequate treatment and to optimize clinical outcomes over time

Density Matrix Renormalisation Group Approach to the Massive Schwinger Model

The massive Schwinger model is studied, using a density matrix renormalisation group approach to the staggered lattice Hamiltonian version of the model. Lattice sizes up to 256 sites are calculated, and the estimates in the continuum limit are almost two orders of magnitude more accurate than previous calculations. Coleman's picture of `half-asymptotic' particles at background field theta = pi is confirmed. The predicted phase transition at finite fermion mass (m/g) is accurately located, and demonstrated to belong in the 2D Ising universality class.Comment: 38 pages, 18 figures, submitted to PR

The first two Meetings of Latin American Volcano Observatories (Encuentro de Observatorios Vulcanológicos de Latinoamérica)

The development of volcanology in Latin America is marked by a common regional scenario, with countries sharing borders, socio-cultural characteristics and facing similar scientific challenges. This scenario illustrates the need to create and promote regional networks. In this abstract we present the Jóvenes Volcanólogos Latinoamericanos (JVLA) network, a specific strategy that gathers early career volcanologists from Latin America and aims to strengthen volcanology in the region by encouraging the active participation of new generations. A benchmark in the construction of this network was the CoV9 conference (2016, Chile), where the 1st meeting of Young Latin American Volcanologists took place. As a response to the needs identified during that meeting, JVLA, together with the Asociación Latinoamericana de Volcanología (ALVO), developed an internship program in volcano observatories for highly motivated Latin American volcanology students. In addition to offering the young volcanologists scientific training and experience working in a volcano observatory, this program aims to promote the interaction and cooperation between universities and observatories. With the financial support of IAVCEI, a pilot test of the program will be carried out during the 2018 austral winter at the Observatorio Volcanológico de los Andes del Sur (OVDAS), in Chile. Among other actions, JVLA has been using social media and specialized newsletters (i.e., Gaceta ALVO and IAVCEI Newsletter) to distribute relevant information and to share personal experiences. Recently, on 25 April 2018, JVLA organized the 2nd Meeting of Young Latin American Volcanologist in Arequipa, Peru. In the future, the JVLA network expects to continue promoting new activities and initiatives (e.g., meetings, summer schools, internship programs) that strengthen the bonds between the new generations of Latin American volcanologists and to enhance the development of volcanology at a regional, and consequently, world-wide scale

Search for a W' boson decaying to a bottom quark and a top quark in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

Results are presented from a search for a W' boson using a dataset corresponding to 5.0 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity collected during 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV. The W' boson is modeled as a heavy W boson, but different scenarios for the couplings to fermions are considered, involving both left-handed and right-handed chiral projections of the fermions, as well as an arbitrary mixture of the two. The search is performed in the decay channel W' to t b, leading to a final state signature with a single lepton (e, mu), missing transverse energy, and jets, at least one of which is tagged as a b-jet. A W' boson that couples to fermions with the same coupling constant as the W, but to the right-handed rather than left-handed chiral projections, is excluded for masses below 1.85 TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the first time using LHC data, constraints on the W' gauge coupling for a set of left- and right-handed coupling combinations have been placed. These results represent a significant improvement over previously published limits.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters B. Replaced with version publishe