Empreendedorismo feminino na perspectiva da identidade social

Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Jane Mendes Ferreira FernandesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão de Organizações, Liderança e Decisão. Defesa : Curitiba, 27/03/2024Inclui referênciasResumo: Essa dissertação coloca em foco a identidade empreendedora de mulheres, uma categoria de crescente interesse por pesquisadores no campo do empreendedorismo feminino. Assim, o objetivo principal do estudo foi entender a formação da identidade empreendedora de mulheres. Por meio da abordagem da identidade social pautada no interacionismo simbólico, em que indivíduos constroem sua percepção de si pela atribuição de categorias subjetivas, a identidade para si, e pelas interações com o meio social criando uma percepção de si pelas categorias atribuídas a ele em sociedade, a identidade para o outro, foram determinados três objetivos específicos: compreender a percepção das empreendedoras na construção da identidade para si em suas narrativas; compreender a percepção das entrevistadas acerca do olhar que outros indivíduos têm sobre elas enquanto empreendedoras; e entender a relevância de influências externas de instituições e formações específicas para a identidade empreendedora. Para isso foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa interpretativista, utilizando do estudo qualitativo básico como técnica de pesquisa e entrevistas semiestruturadas como técnica de coleta de dados. As participantes do estudo são mulheres, microempreendedoras e microempreendedoras individuais, com negócios formalizados, consolidados a pelo menos três anos e meio, e atuantes em Curitiba-PR. Por meio da análise de conteúdo das entrevistas foram criadas categorias de análise que permitissem evidenciar os processos de socialização, as percepções das empreendedoras sobre si em contraste com as interações com outros, como entendem o papel de homens e mulheres empreendedores e sobre o ambiente, oportunidades e desafios para seus negócios. Os resultados evidenciam a natureza contraditória dos processos identitários, em que as mulheres buscam ser independentes, terem autonomia, flexibilidade e sentirem-se autorrealizadas, ao mesmo tempo tentam driblar ou combater as influências externas negativas que procuram colocar a mulher em lugar de subalternidade, exclusão ou ditam seus comportamentos e influenciam sua visão de mundo em que elas sentem necessidade de mascarar sua ambição e importância por ganhos monetários, e evidenciam um sentimento de solidão na jornada empreendedora. Por isso buscam a validação, credibilidade, respeito no âmbito social e em comunidades com quem possam compartilhar e sentir-se pertencentes, garantindo segurança na tomada de decisão. Nessa busca de equilíbrio entre os processos identitários se formam as identidades empreendedoras, assim a pesquisa também contribui na compreensão das etapas para esse processo em vista de conhecimento para elaboração de políticas públicas que ampare essas empreendedoras, desenvolvimento de currículos alinhados para o gênero e sobre empreendedorismo feminino, possibilitando cultivar a cultura empreendedora para jovens interessadas na atividade.Abstract: This dissertation focuses on the entrepreneurial identity of women, an increasingly studied category within the field of female entrepreneurship. The primary aim of this study was to understand the formation of women's entrepreneurial identities. Using the framework of social identity, based on symbolic interactionism, it posits that individuals construct their selfperception through the attribution of subjective categories (identity for oneself) and through interactions with the social environment, creating a perception of oneself through categories assigned by society (identity for others). The research identified three specific objectives: to understand the entrepreneurs’ perceptions of their own identities in their narratives; to explore how these women perceive others’ views of them as entrepreneurs; and to assess the impact of external influences from institutions and specific training on their entrepreneurial identity. A qualitative interpretative approach was employed, utilizing basic qualitative study methods and semi-structured interviews for data collection. The participants were female microentrepreneurs and sole proprietors, with formalized businesses established for at least three and a half years, operating in Curitiba-PR, Brazil. Through content analysis of the interviews, categories were developed to highlight the socialization processes, the entrepreneurs' perceptions of themselves in contrast to their interactions with others, their understanding of the roles of male and female entrepreneurs, and the environment, opportunities, and challenges for their businesses. The findings reveal the contradictory nature of identity processes. The women strive for independence, autonomy, flexibility, and self-fulfillment, while simultaneously attempting to navigate or counteract negative external influences that impose subordination, exclusion, or dictate their behaviors and influence their worldview. They feel the need to mask their ambition and the importance of monetary gains, leading to feelings of loneliness in their entrepreneurial journey. Therefore, they seek validation, credibility, and respect in the social sphere and in communities where they can share experiences and feel a sense of belonging, which ensures security in decision-making. This quest for balance shapes their entrepreneurial identities. Thus, the research also contributes to understanding the steps in this process, providing insights for the development of public policies that support these entrepreneurs, the creation of gender-aligned curricula, and the fostering of an entrepreneurial culture among young women interested in the field

A case study for spacegate point-to-point transportation: Evaluation of a reference end-to-end mission operations and assessment of the associated safety aspects

The ALTEC-conducted Spacegate feasibility study addresses the opportunities offered by the sub-orbital flight with special emphasis to future generation transportation. Pursuing the same systemic methodology of the initial Spacegate definition activities, this paper focuses on some specific aspects of suborbital operations and outlines a top level end-to-end operating cycle for a reference suborbital mission spanning from pre-flight, to flight, re-entry and post landing operations and associated Ground Segment. Special focus is given to identification of suitable locations in Italy for suborbital operations, and to liftoff and re-entry phases; the results of specific simulations are also reported, showing some lift off options and the feasibility of the spiral shaped descent maneuver that improves the pilot controllability of the vehicle during the re-entry phase. Further, this paper outlines within the selected reference mission, the main safety aspects considered as driving factors in planning and implementing future generation transportation; areas such as launch/landing range and relevant risk management/mitigation policies, as well as selection of safety driving criteria in the definition of trajectories and space transition corridors, and capabilities to monitor the vehicle ascent and re-entry will be assessed. Safety regulations will also be evaluated to protect launch range, drive spaceport site selection and consequently the ability of the spaceport to accommodate large numbers of passengers and participants, as well as a number of simultaneous operations such as training, vehicle integration tasks, and passenger preparation for flight. For human flight in general, and in particular for commercial point to point activities at this early stage, it is vital to minimize risk since a fatal accident at the very beginning of flights will put the entire business in jeopardy. The regulatory challenges with regards to safety will also be outlined in this paper, related to executing Spacegate activities in Europe and collaborations with the involved Agencies in the USA and Europe (FAA, ENAC, ENAV, SESAR, EASA) will be explored; in particular, some initiatives have already been started, that include active ALTEC participation to the IAASS Space Safety Technical Committee (SSTC) that was created to contribute to the advancement of the Safety in the area of the "Commercial Suborbital Flight"

What is the role of physical exercise in the era of cancer prehabilitation? A systematic review

Purpose: Exercise before surgery, as part of prehabilitation, aiming to enhance patients' functional and physiological capacity, has become widespread, necessitating an in-depth understanding. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on Pubmed, Cochrane, and Scopus to examine the effect of exercise as prehabilitation, alone or in combination with other interventions, in patients with cancer. Interventional studies applying a single-arm, randomized controlled, or nonrandomized design were included. Results: A total of 97 studies were included, and categorized according to cancer types, i.e., gynecological, breast, urological, gastrointestinal and lung cancer. For each cancer site, the effect of exercise, on physical fitness parameters and postoperative outcomes, including length of hospital stay and postoperative complications, was reported. Conclusion: Exercise as prehabilitation may have an important role in improving physical fitness, postoperative outcomes, and accelerating recovery, especially in certain types of malignancies

Exploring the Association between Health-Related Physical Fitness and Quality of Life in Patients with Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study

Whereas an exercise intervention effectively improves patients' quality of life, little information is available about the contribution of each physical fitness component. This study aims to explore the association between physical fitness components and the quality-of-life domain in patients with cancer. Between September 2021 and August 2023, 160 patients with mixed cancer types visiting the Oncology Unit were selected on a consecutive basis according to selection criteria. They underwent a comprehensive baseline assessment including the six-minute walking test, the handgrip strength test, the isometric leg press test, the back scratch, sit and reach tests, their waist-hip ratio, and their body mass index. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life and Core Questionnaire was used to measure the quality of life. The sample size was based on the use of regression models to study associations between clinical characteristics and fitness outcomes. All of the analyses were performed using the SPSS v.25 statistical package. Patients had a mean age of 58 years, 68% were female, 42% were affected by breast cancer, and all were receiving anticancer treatments. Higher functional capacity was associated with better global health status (p < 0.0001) and physical (p < 0.0001), role (p < 0.0001), emotional (p = 0.026), and social function (p = 0.016) and inversely linked with fatigue (p = 0.001). Lower-limb flexibility was significantly associated with all of the domains except for role and social functions. The waist-hip ratio was inversely associated with physical function (p < 0.0001) and positively related to fatigue (p = 0.037). Exercise programs aiming to improve the quality of life in cancer should be addressed to optimize these fitness components

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Global disparities in surgeons’ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study

: The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSS® v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 ± 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 ± 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 ± 4.9 and 7.8 ± 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 ± 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity &gt; 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI

Measurement of the Splitting Function in &ITpp &ITand Pb-Pb Collisions at root&ITsNN&IT=5.02 TeV

Data from heavy ion collisions suggest that the evolution of a parton shower is modified by interactions with the color charges in the dense partonic medium created in these collisions, but it is not known where in the shower evolution the modifications occur. The momentum ratio of the two leading partons, resolved as subjets, provides information about the parton shower evolution. This substructure observable, known as the splitting function, reflects the process of a parton splitting into two other partons and has been measured for jets with transverse momentum between 140 and 500 GeV, in pp and PbPb collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair. In central PbPb collisions, the splitting function indicates a more unbalanced momentum ratio, compared to peripheral PbPb and pp collisions.. The measurements are compared to various predictions from event generators and analytical calculations.Peer reviewe