M & L Jaargang 28/6

Steven Mortier en Cynrik De Decker - Luchtvaartarcheologie versus archeologische erfgoedzorg in Vlaanderen. [Aviation archaeology versus heritage management.]Heeft de traditionele wetenschappelijke archeologie haar grenzen bereikt of blijven nieuwe perspectieven zich openen?De vraag wordt met weinig omwegen gesteld door Steven Mortier en Cynrik Decker, in het licht van de recentste ontwikkelingen inzake \u27luchtvaartarcheologie\u27, lees: deze van vliegende toestellen en hun bemanning uit WO I en WO II.Een beschouwing over de ondraaglijke lichtheid van crash sites of: hoe de passie van \u27amateurs\u27 uitdraait op het \u27inzicht\u27 van erfgoedzorgers.Frederik Mahieu - Restauratie en nieuwbouw in het stadhuis van Menen. [The Town Hall of Menen.]De realisatie kandideerde voor de Vlaamse Monumentenprijs 2008, maar moest de duimen leggen voor Jules Eggerickx\u27s Villa l\u27Escale in De Panne en de blitse Antwerpse Ruien.De ingrijpende geschiktmaking van het stadhuis van Menen, tot voor kort een onontwarbaar kluwen van bouwonderdelen uit opeenvolgende periodes, scoort nochtans door zijn helder concept en compromisloze cohabitatie tussen erkend erfgoed en creatieve nieuwbouw. De bouwhistoricus gaf uitzonderlijk forfait, maar Frederik Mahieu pleit als architect met plaatsvervangend vuur voor deze in het genre voorbeeldige modelrealisatie.Dieter Nuytten - Het Hollandcollege in Leuven: een boeiende geschiedenis van Uten Lieminghe over de Hollandse missie tot Paridaens. [The Holland College.]Slechts aan wie ziende blind is zal ontgaan met welke passie Dieter Nuytten, één van M&L\u27s meest productieve auteurs, zich ditmaal toelegt op het Hollandcollege, de parel aan de kroon van de Leuvense universitaire colleges.Ontstaan uit het 16de-eeuwse domein Uten Lieminghe, bolwerk in de vroege 17de eeuw van Cornelius Jansenius en levenswerk van Fille de Notre-Dame Cicercule Paridaens, stichteres in 1805 van de gelijknamige school voor meisjes, wordt dit uitzonderlijk gaaf bewaard gebouwenensemble nochtans vooral gekenmerkt door het Lodewijk XV-decor van architect Jean-Antoine Hustin. Als jongste nieuwe gebruiker laat de Universiteit Leuven ongetwijfeld op termijn evenzeer haar eigen sporen na.Summar

Assessing the carcinogenic potential of low-dose exposures to chemical mixtures in the environment: the challenge ahead.

Lifestyle factors are responsible for a considerable portion of cancer incidence worldwide, but credible estimates from the World Health Organization and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) suggest that the fraction of cancers attributable to toxic environmental exposures is between 7% and 19%. To explore the hypothesis that low-dose exposures to mixtures of chemicals in the environment may be combining to contribute to environmental carcinogenesis, we reviewed 11 hallmark phenotypes of cancer, multiple priority target sites for disruption in each area and prototypical chemical disruptors for all targets, this included dose-response characterizations, evidence of low-dose effects and cross-hallmark effects for all targets and chemicals. In total, 85 examples of chemicals were reviewed for actions on key pathways/mechanisms related to carcinogenesis. Only 15% (13/85) were found to have evidence of a dose-response threshold, whereas 59% (50/85) exerted low-dose effects. No dose-response information was found for the remaining 26% (22/85). Our analysis suggests that the cumulative effects of individual (non-carcinogenic) chemicals acting on different pathways, and a variety of related systems, organs, tissues and cells could plausibly conspire to produce carcinogenic synergies. Additional basic research on carcinogenesis and research focused on low-dose effects of chemical mixtures needs to be rigorously pursued before the merits of this hypothesis can be further advanced. However, the structure of the World Health Organization International Programme on Chemical Safety 'Mode of Action' framework should be revisited as it has inherent weaknesses that are not fully aligned with our current understanding of cancer biology

Assessing the carcinogenic potential of low-dose exposures to chemical mixtures in the environment: the challenge ahead

Lifestyle factors are responsible for a considerable portion of cancer incidence worldwide, but credible estimates from the World Health Organization and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) suggest that the fraction of cancers attributable to toxic environmental exposures is between 7% and 19%. To explore the hypothesis that low-dose exposures to mixtures of chemicals in the environment may be combining to contribute to environmental carcinogenesis, we reviewed 11 hallmark phenotypes of cancer, multiple priority target sites for disruption in each area and prototypical chemical disruptors for all targets, this included dose-response characterizations, evidence of low-dose effects and cross-hallmark effects for all targets and chemicals. In total, 85 examples of chemicals were reviewed for actions on key pathways/mechanisms related to carcinogenesis. Only 15% (13/85) were found to have evidence of a dose-response threshold, whereas 59% (50/85) exerted low-dose effects. No dose-response information was found for the remaining 26% (22/85). Our analysis suggests that the cumulative effects of individual (non-carcinogenic) chemicals acting on different pathways, and a variety of related systems, organs, tissues and cells could plausibly conspire to produce carcinogenic synergies. Additional basic research on carcinogenesis and research focused on low-dose effects of chemical mixtures needs to be rigorously pursued before the merits of this hypothesis can be further advanced. However, the structure of the World Health Organization International Programme on Chemical Safety ‘Mode of Action’ framework should be revisited as it has inherent weaknesses that are not fully aligned with our current understanding of cancer biology

Assessing the carcinogenic potential of low-dose exposures to chemical mixtures in the environment: the challenge ahead

Lifestyle factors are responsible for a considerable portion of cancer incidence worldwide, but credible estimates from the World Health Organization and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) suggest that the fraction of cancers attributable to toxic environmental exposures is between 7% and 19%. To explore the hypothesis that low-dose exposures to mixtures of chemicals in the environment may be combining to contribute to environmental carcinogenesis, we reviewed 11 hallmark phenotypes of cancer, multiple priority target sites for disruption in each area and prototypical chemical disruptors for all targets, this included dose-response characterizations, evidence of low-dose effects and cross-hallmark effects for all targets and chemicals. In total, 85 examples of chemicals were reviewed for actions on key pathways/ mechanisms related to carcinogenesis. Only 15% (13/85) were found to have evidence of a dose-response threshold, whereas 59% (50/85) exerted low-dose effects. No dose-response information was found for the remaining 26% (22/85). Our analysis suggests that the cumulative effects of individual (non-carcinogenic) chemicals acting on different pathways, and a variety of related systems, organs, tissues and cells could plausibly conspire to produce carcinogenic synergies. Additional basic research on carcinogenesis and research focused on low-dose effects of chemical mixtures needs to be rigorously pursued before the merits of this hypothesis can be further advanced. However, the structure of the World Health Organization International Programme on Chemical Safety ‘Mode of Action’ framework should be revisited as it has inherent weaknesses that are not fully aligned with our current understanding of cancer biology

The Netlog Corpus A Resource for the Study of Flemish Dutch Internet Language

Although in recent years numerous forms of Internet communication – such as e-mail, blogs, chat rooms and social network environments – have emerged, balanced corpora of Internet speech with trustworthy meta-information (e.g. age and gender) or linguistic annotations are still limited. In this paper we present a large corpus of Flemish Dutch chat posts that were collected from the Belgian online social network Netlog. For all of these posts we also acquired the users ’ profile information, making this corpus a unique resource for computational and sociolinguistic research. However, for analyzing such a corpus on a large scale, NLP tools are required for e.g. automatic POS tagging or lemmatization. Because many NLP tools fail to correctly analyze the surface forms of chat language usage, we propose to normalize this ‘anomalous ’ input into a format suitable for existing NLP solutions for standard Dutch. Additionally, we have annotated a substantial part of the corpus (i.e. the Chatty subset) to provide a gold standard for the evaluation of future approaches to automatic (Flemish) chat language normalization

A Physical Mechanism for Coupling Bone Resorption and Formation in Adult Human Bone

During skeletal remodeling, pre-osteoclasts and pre-osteoblasts are targeted to critical sites of the bone to resorb and reconstruct bone matrix, respectively. Coordination of site-specific recruitment of these two cell types is a prerequisite to maintain the specific architecture of each bone within strict limits throughout adult life. Here, we determined that the bone marrow microanatomy adjacent to remodeling areas is a central player in this process. By using histomorphometry and multiple immunostainings, we demonstrated in biopsies exhibiting coupled bone resorption and formation that osteoclasts and osteoblasts on the bone surface were always covered by a canopy of flat cells expressing osteoblast markers. In contrast, in biopsies in which this canopy was disrupted, bone formation was deficient. Three-dimensional visualizations revealed that this canopy covered the entire remodeling site and was associated with capillaries, thereby forming a previously unrecognized microanatomical entity. Furthermore, pre-osteoclasts were positioned along these capillaries. These findings led to a model that implicates vasculature in the site-specific recruitment of osteoclasts and osteoblasts and embraces the current knowledge on the molecular mechanism of bone remodeling