VEGETAÇÃO ARBÓREO-ARBUSTIVA DO PARQUE ESTADUAL NASCENTES DO PARANAPANEMA, SERRA DE PARANAPIACABA, CAPÃO BONITO, SP, BRASIL

O continuum ecológico da Serra de Paranapiacaba constitui uma das áreas mais conservadas entre os remanescentes de Floresta Atlântica no Brasil. Este trabalho apresenta a vegetação do Parque Estadual Nascentes do Paranapanema – PENAP, composta por fitofisionomias de Florestas Ombrófila Densa, sendo que 79,50% do seu território (17.704,15 ha) estão representados pela formação Montana e 3,24% (721,52 ha), Altomontana; 12,01% (2.674,50 ha) por Floresta Ombrófila Aberta com bambus; 0,40% (89,90 ha) por Refúgio montano (Campo de altitude) com perturbação e 3,86% (861,02 ha) por vegetação secundária. Ao todo foram amostradas 204 espécies arbóreo-arbustivas em sua maioria, pertencentes a 66 famílias e 127 gêneros, com 21 espécies ameaçadas de extinção em nível estadual, nacional ou global, com destaque para o carvalho brasileiro Euplassa cantareirae classificada como presumivelmente extinta para São Paulo e em perigo para o Brasil. O PENAP é uma área protegida importante para a conservação da biodiversidade, por abrigar remanescentes florestais bem preservados, fitofisionomias raras como florestas altomontanas que são pouco representadas no Sistema de Unidades de Conservação do estado de São Paulo, por possuir riqueza de espécies, ainda que sua flora esteja subamostrada quando comparada com a flora regional conhecida, sendo assim uma lacuna do conhecimento a ser sanada com realização de pesquisas. Além disso, o parque por ser contíguo a outras Unidades de Conservação, amplia o continuum de áreas protegidas da Serra de Paranapiacaba, reduzindo efeitos de borda e proporcionando a perspectiva de manutenção a longo prazo do habitat para espécies silvestres

Quantum Backaction on kg-Scale Mirrors: Observation of Radiation Pressure Noise in the Advanced Virgo Detector

The quantum radiation pressure and the quantum shot noise in laser-interferometric gravitational wave detectors constitute a macroscopic manifestation of the Heisenberg inequality. If quantum shot noise can be easily observed, the observation of quantum radiation pressure noise has been elusive, so far, due to the technical noise competing with quantum effects. Here, we discuss the evidence of quantum radiation pressure noise in the Advanced Virgo gravitational wave detector. In our experiment, we inject squeezed vacuum states of light into the interferometer in order to manipulate the quantum backaction on the 42 kg mirrors and observe the corresponding quantum noise driven displacement at frequencies between 30 and 70 Hz. The experimental data, obtained in various interferometer configurations, is tested against the Advanced Virgo detector quantum noise model which confirmed the measured magnitude of quantum radiation pressure noise

Supplement: "Localization and broadband follow-up of the gravitational-wave transient GW150914" (2016, ApJL, 826, L13)

This Supplement provides supporting material for Abbott et al. (2016a). We briefly summarize past electromagnetic (EM) follow-up efforts as well as the organization and policy of the current EM follow-up program. We compare the four probability sky maps produced for the gravitational-wave transient GW150914, and provide additional details of the EM follow-up observations that were performed in the different bands

The population of merging compact binaries inferred using gravitational waves through GWTC-3

We report on the population properties of 76 compact binary mergers detected with gravitational waves below a false alarm rate of 1 per year through GWTC-3. The catalog contains three classes of binary mergers: BBH, BNS, and NSBH mergers. We infer the BNS merger rate to be between 10 $\rm{Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}}$ and 1700 $\rm{Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}}$ and the NSBH merger rate to be between 7.8 $\rm{Gpc^{-3}\, yr^{-1}}$ and 140 $\rm{Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}}$ , assuming a constant rate density versus comoving volume and taking the union of 90% credible intervals for methods used in this work. Accounting for the BBH merger rate to evolve with redshift, we find the BBH merger rate to be between 17.9 $\rm{Gpc^{-3}\, yr^{-1}}$ and 44 $\rm{Gpc^{-3}\, yr^{-1}}$ at a fiducial redshift (z=0.2). We obtain a broad neutron star mass distribution extending from $1.2^{+0.1}_{-0.2} M_\odot$ to $2.0^{+0.3}_{-0.3} M_\odot$. We can confidently identify a rapid decrease in merger rate versus component mass between neutron star-like masses and black-hole-like masses, but there is no evidence that the merger rate increases again before 10 $M_\odot$. We also find the BBH mass distribution has localized over- and under-densities relative to a power law distribution. While we continue to find the mass distribution of a binary's more massive component strongly decreases as a function of primary mass, we observe no evidence of a strongly suppressed merger rate above $\sim 60 M_\odot$. The rate of BBH mergers is observed to increase with redshift at a rate proportional to $(1+z)^{\kappa}$ with $\kappa = 2.9^{+1.7}_{-1.8}$ for $z\lesssim 1$. Observed black hole spins are small, with half of spin magnitudes below $\chi_i \simeq 0.25$. We observe evidence of negative aligned spins in the population, and an increase in spin magnitude for systems with more unequal mass ratio

Composição florística e a conservação de floresta secundárias na serra da Cantareira, São Paulo, Brasil. Floristic composition and conservation of old secondary Forest in the serra Cantareira in São Paulo, South-Eastern Brazil.

Florestas secundárias estão seriamente ameaçadas pela expansão urbana na região metropolitana. Alguns remanescentes são protegidos, principalmente em parques estaduais e municipais, mas a maioria dessas florestas está sob risco de supressão pela contínua expansão de áreas urbanas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a composição florística do componente arbóreo de trecho de floresta, em estágio médio a avançado de regeneração no Parque Estadual da Cantareira, São Paulo (SP). Foram realizadas caminhadas nos traçados antigo e novo da Linha de Transmissão Guarulhos–Anhanguera, num total aproximado de 11 km de extensão. A amostragem foi realizada no período de 2006 a 2010. No levantamento florístico, foram identificadas 179 espécies, pertencentes a 54 famílias e 127 gêneros. As famílias com maior riqueza de espécies foram Fabaceae (19 espécies), Myrtaceae (18), Lauraceae (16) e Rubiaceae (15) e os gêneros mais ricos, Ocotea e Myrcia (6), Eugenia (5) e Maytenus, Mollinedia e Nectandra com quatro espécies cada. Foram registradas dez espécies consideradas ameaçadas de extinção, sendo quatro espécies na lista de São Paulo e seis na lista da IUCN. Uma delas, Mollinedia oligotricha, é considerada presumivelmente extinta. A similaridade florística encontrada com outros remanescentes florestais da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo e arredores variou entre 11% a 38%. Florestas secundárias apresentam uma considerável riqueza de espécies, incluindo espécies ameaçadas de extinção. Foram discutidas as pressões incidentes sobre esses remanescentes florestais, bem como possíveis estratégias para a sua conservação.Secondary forests are seriously threatened by urban expansion in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. Some remnants are protected, mainly in state or municipal parks, but most of these forests are in immanent danger of being destroyed by the continual expansion of urban areas. The aim of this study was to describe the floristic composition of a stand of an old secondary forest in the Cantareira State Park in São Paulo, south-eastern Brazil. A total of approximately 11km of trail along the old and new power line routes were sampled between 2006 and 2010. A total of 179 species belonging to 54 families and 127 genera were identified in the floristic survey, with the richest families being Fabaceae (19 species), Myrtaceae (18), Lauraceae (16) and Rubiaceae (15) and the richest genera Ocotea and Myrcia (6), Eugenia (5) and Maytenus, Mollinedia and Nectandra with four species each. Ten of these species are considered threatened, four of them in the São Paulo state list and six in the IUCN list. One of these, Mollinedia oligotricha, was considered to be probably extinct. The floristic similarity with other forest remnants in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region and surrounding areas ranged from 11% to 38%. Threats to existing areas are discussed, together with possible conservation strategies

The Histopathological Landscape of Precursor Lesions of Gastro-entero-pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

Despite the important advances in research on neuroendocrine neoplasms of the gastro-entero-pancreatic tract (GEP-NENs), their precursor lesions are much less well known

mTOR pathway and somatostatin receptors expression intratumor-heterogeneity in ileal NETs

The knowledge of the molecular landscape of ileal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is affected by the lack of systematic studies investigating intra-tumoral heterogeneity. In this study, intra-tumoral heterogeneity was investigated in 27 primary ileal G1-NETs and their matched nodal and liver metastases in order to assess the tumor grading, the expression status of 2 somatostatin receptor isoforms (i.e. SSTR2A and SSTR5) and mTOR signaling dysregulation (ph-mTOR, ph-p70S6K, ph-4EBP1, PTEN and miR-21). Among the 27 G1 primary tumors, 4 shifted to G2 in the matched liver metastasis. Although mTOR activation was pretty consistent between primary and secondary malignancies, mTOR effectors (ph-p70S6K and ph-4EBP1) were overexpressed in matched liver metastases, whereas PTEN expression profile changed in only 2 cases. MiR-21 was significantly up-regulated in the metastatic setting. Although SSTRs expression was present in most of primary tumors and matched metastasis, we found SSTR5 expression to be significantly increased in liver metastases. Notably, SSTRs expression was heterogeneous within the same lesions in most of the lesions. Overall, despite primary and metastatic ileal NETs show a similar molecular landscape, tumor grading and mTOR signaling pathway may diverge in the metastatic setting, thus affecting prognosis and treatment

Serenoa repens + selenium + lycopene vs tadalafil 5 mg for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction: a Phase IV, non-inferiority, open-label, clinical study (SPRITE study)

Objective: To compare in a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority clinical study, the efficacy and tolerability of Serenoa repens (SeR) + selenium (Se) + lycopene (Ly) (SeR-Se-Ly) therapy vs tadalafil 5 mg in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Patients and methods: From May 2015 to January 2017, 427 patients were enrolled in 21 different centres (International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Register [ISRCTN] 73316039). Inclusion criteria included: age between 50 and 80 years, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) 6512, maximum urinary flow rate (Q max ) 64 15 mL/s, and post-void residual (PVR) <100 mL. Patients were randomised into two groups in a 2:1 ratio: Group A (SeR-Se-Ly, 1 tablet daily for 6 months) and Group B (tadalafil 5 mg, 1 tablet daily for 6 months). The primary endpoint of the study was the non-inferior variation in the IPSS and Q max in Group A vs Group B after 6 months of treatment. Results: In all, 404 patients completed the full protocol. When comparing both therapies, Group A was statistically not inferior to Group B considering the median change in IPSS ( 123.0 vs 123.0; P < 0.01), IPSS quality of life ( 122.0 vs 122.0; P < 0.05), and Q max (2.0 vs 2.0 mL/s; P < 0.01). We found statistically significant differences in the increase of at least 3 points in Q max (38.2% vs 28.1%; P = 0.04) and of at least 30% of Q max (39.2% vs 27.3%; P < 0.01) in Group A compared to Group B. The percentage of patients with an increase of at least 3 points in the IPSS and a decrease of at least 25% of the IPSS was not statistically different between the two groups. For adverse events, four patients in Group A (1.44%) and 10 in Group B (7.81%) (P < 0.05) reported side-effects. Conclusion: We have shown that treatment with SeR-Se-Ly was not inferior to tadalafil 5 mg for improving IPSS and Q max in men with LUTS