Thermophysical optimization of specialized concrete pavement materials for collection of surface heat energy and applications for shallow heat storage

There is great potential to use pavement structures to collect and/or store solar energy for the heating and cooling of adjacent buildings, e.g. airport terminals, shopping malls, etc. Therefore, pavement materials comprising both conventional and unconventional concrete mixtures with a wide range of densities, thermal conductivities, specific heat capacities, and thermal diffusivities were investigated. Their thermo-physical properties were then used as inputs to a one dimensional transient heat transport model in order to evaluate the temperature changes at the various depths at which heat might be abstracted or stored. The results indicated that a high diffusivity pavement, e.g. incorporating high conductive aggregates and/or metallic fibres, can significantly enhance heat transfer as well as reduction of thermal stresses across the concrete slab. On the other hand a low diffusivity concrete can induce a more stable temperature at shallower depth enabling easier heat storage in the pavement as well as helping to reduce the risk of damage due to freeze-thaw cycling in cold regions

Linear Contraction Behavior of Low-Carbon, Low-Alloy Steels During and After Solidification Using Real-Time Measurements

A technique for measuring the linear contraction during and after solidification of low-alloy steel was developed and used for examination of two commercial low-carbon and low-alloy steel grades. The effects of several experimental parameters on the contraction were studied. The solidification contraction behavior was described using the concept of rigidity in a solidifying alloy, evolution of the solid fraction, and the microstructure development during solidification. A correlation between the linear contraction properties in the solidification range and the hot crack susceptibility was proposed and used for the estimation of hot cracking susceptibility for two studied alloys and verified with the real casting practice. The technique allows estimation of the contraction coefficient of commercial steels in a wide range of temperatures and could be helpful for computer simulation and process optimization during continuous casting. © 2013 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International

Study of the p p -> p p pi+ pi- Reaction in the Low-Energy Tail of the Roper Resonance

Exclusive measurements of the p p -> p p pi+ pi- reaction have been carried out at Tp = 775 MeV at CELSIUS using the PROMICE/WASA setup. Together with data obtained at lower energy they point to a dominance of the Roper excitation in this process. From the observed interference of its decay routes N* -> N sigma and N* -> Delta pi -> N sigma their energy-dependent relative branching ratio is determined

Low-energy pion-pion scattering in the pp→ppπ+π−pp \to pp\pi^{+}\pi^{-} and ppˉ→ppˉπ+π−p\bar p \to p\bar p\pi^{+}\pi^{-} reactions

We evaluate the contribution of pion-pion rescattering to the $p p \to p p \pi^+ \pi^-$ and $p \bar p \to p \bar p \pi^+ \pi^-$ reactions. We compare our results with the close-to-threshold experimental data. The pion-pion rescattering contribution is found there to be negligible. The predictions for future experiments with PANDA detector at High Energy Storage Ring (HESR) in GSI Darmstadt are presented. It is discussed how to cut off the dominant Roper resonance and double-$\Delta$ excitation mechanisms leading to the $p p \pi^+ \pi^-$ channel in final state. Differential distributions in momentum transfers, transverse momentum, effective two-pions mass, relative azimuthal angle between pions, and pion rapidities are presented.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figure

Applicability of Solid Solution Heat Treatments to Aluminum Foams

Present research work evaluates the influence of both density and size on the treatability of Aluminum-based (6000 series) foam-parts subjected to a typical solid solution heat treatment (water quenching). The results are compared with those obtained for the bulk alloy, evaluating the fulfilment of cooling requirements. Density of the foams was modeled by tomography analysis and the thermal properties calculated, based on validated density-scaled models. With this basis, cooling velocity maps during water quenching were predicted by finite element modeling (FEM) in which boundary conditions were obtained by solving the inverse heat conduction problem. Simulations under such conditions have been validated experimentally. Obtained results address incomplete matrix hardening for foam-parts bigger than 70 mm in diameter with a density below 650 kg/m3. An excellent agreement has been found in between the predicted cooling maps and final measured microhardness profiles.Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and FEDE

Mechanical reliability analysis of nanoencapsulated phase change materials combining Monte Carlo technique and the finite element method

This research was partially funded by Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) of Spain through the project ENE201677694R. Josep FornerEscrig thanks Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad of Spain and Fondo Social Europeo for a predoctoral fellowship through Grant Ref. BES-2017-080217 (FPI program) . This work has been developed by participants of the COST Action CA15119 Overcoming Barriers to Nanofluids Market Uptake (NANOUPTAKE) .Nanoencapsulated phase change materials (nePCMs) are one of the technologies currently under research for energy storage purposes. These nePCMs are composed of a phase change core surrounded by a shell which confines the core material when this one is in liquid phase. One of the problems experimentally encountered when applying thermal cycles to the nePCMs is that their shell fails mechanically and the thermal stresses arising may be one of the causes of this failure. In order to evaluate the impact of the uncertainties of material and geometrical parameters available for nePCMs, the present work presents a probabilistic numerical tool, which combines Monte Carlo techniques and a finite element thermomechanical model with phase change, to study two key magnitudes of nePCMs for energy storage applications of tin and aluminium nePCMs: the maximum Rankine's equivalent stress and the energy density capability. Then, both uncertainty and sensitivity analyses are performed to determine the physical parameters that have the most significant influence on the maximum Rankine's stress, which are found to be the melting temperature and the thermal expansion of the core. Finally, both a deterministic and a probabilistic failure criterion are considered to analyse its influence on the number of predicted failures, specially when dispersion on tensile strength measurements exists as well. Only 1.87% of tin nePCMs are expected to fail mechanically while aluminium ones are not likely to resist.Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) of Spain ENE201677694RMinisterio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad of SpainEuropean Social Fund (ESF) European Commission BES-2017-080217European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) CA1511

Analysis of noise temperature sensitivity for the design of a broadband thermal noise primary standard

A broadband primary standard for thermal noise measurements is presented and its thermal and electromagnetic behaviour is analysed by means of a novel hybrid analytical?numerical simulation methodology. The standard consists of a broadband termination connected to a 3.5mm coaxial airline partially immersed in liquid nitrogen and is designed in order to obtain a low reflectivity and a low uncertainty in the noise temperature. A detailed sensitivity analysis is made in order to highlight the critical characteristics that mostly affect the uncertainty in the noise temperature, and also to determine the manufacturing and operation tolerances for a proper performance in the range 10MHz to 26.5 GHz. Aspects such as the thermal bead design, the level of liquid nitrogen or the uncertainties associated with the temperatures, the physical properties of the materials in the standard and the simulation techniques are discussed

Close-to-threshold Meson Production in Hadronic Interactions

Studies of meson production at threshold in the hadron--hadron interaction began in the fifties when sufficient energies of accelerated protons were available. A strong interdependence between developments in accelerator physics, detector performance and theoretical understanding led to a unique vivid field of physics. Early experiments performed with bubble chambers revealed already typical ingredients of threshold studies, which were superseded by more complete meson production investigations at the nucleon beam facilities TRIUMF, LAMPF, PSI, LEAR and SATURNE. Currently, with the advent of the new cooler rings as IUCF, CELSIUS and COSY the field is entering a new domain of precision and the next step of further progress. The analysis of this new data in the short range limit permits a more fundamental consideration and a quantitative comparison of the production processes for different mesons in the few--body final states. The interpretation of the data take advantage of the fact that production reactions close-to-threshold are characterized by only a few degrees of freedom between a well defined combination of initial and exit channels. Deviations from predictions of phase-space controlled one-meson-exchange models are indications of new and exciting physics. Precision data on differential cross sections, isospin and spin observables -- partly but by no means adequately available -- are presently turning up on the horizon. There is work for the next years and excitement of the physics expected. Here we try to give a brief and at the same time comprehensive overview of this field of hadronic threshold production studies.Comment: 100 pages, Review article to be published in Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. Vol. 49, issue 1 (2002

Management Comparison of a Professional and a Non-Professional Football Club

Import 04/07/2011Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá tématem Komparace managementu profesionálního a amatérského fotbalového klubu. Cílem práce je najít a interpretovat rozdíly mezi profesionálním a amatérským fotbalovým klubem. Profesionální fotbalový klub v práci představuje FC Vítkovice a.s. Ve sledovaných letech 2008 a 2009 tento klub nastupoval ve druhé lize. Amatérský fotbalový klub v práci představuje FK SK Polanka nad Odrou, která hraje 1. A třídu skupinu „A“ moravskoslezského kraje. Tato soutěž je šestou nejvyšší soutěží v České republice. Bakalářská práce je rozdělena na dvě části, teoretickou a praktickou část. Teoretická část je zaměřena na obecnou charakteristiku managementu a financování fotbalových klubů. Zachycuje a vysvětluje pojmy jako jsou management, financování, manažer, sportovní manažer, funkce manažera, právní formy fotbalových klubů, historie fotbalu, atd. Praktická část obsahuje historii obou klubů, strukturu managementu, analýzu nákladů a výnosů a rozhovory s vedoucími pracovníky FC Vítkovice a FK SK Polanka nad Odrou. Na základě výsledků šetření jsem stanovil rozdíly mezi profesionálním a amatérským fotbalovým klubem a určil doporučení ke zlepšení chodu obou klubů.This bachelor thesis considers the topic of Management comparison of professional and non - professional football club. The aim of this thesis is to find and interpret differences between professional and non - professional football club.FC Vítkovice a.s. represents here the professional football club. In the focused years 2008 and 2009, this club played the second league. The non - professional club represents FK SK Polanka nad Odrou, which plays in the 1st A class of moravian - silesian region. This competition is the sixth highest competition in the Czech Republic. The bachelor thesis is devided into two parts - theoretical part and practical part. The theoretical part is focused on general characteristics of management and financing of football clubs. It interprets terms like management, financing, manager, sports manager, functions of manager, legal form of football clubs, history of football etc. The practical part concerned with history of both clubs, structure of management, analysis of costs and funds and interviews with executives of FC Vítkovice a.s. and FK SK Polanka nad Odrou. On the basis of my survey I determined the differences between professional and non - professional football club. This investigation resulted in my recommendation how to improve functioning of both clubs.Prezenční115 - Katedra managementuvýborn