Revisão crítica da avaliação neuropsicológica do transtorno do espectro autista / Critical review of the neuropsychological assessment of autism spectrum disorder

A avaliação neuropsicológica do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) consiste em uma investigação criteriosa de alterações e competências cognitivas e comportamentais, que, através de uma abordagem individualizada, permite o delineamento de importantes estratégias de intervenção. Devido à complexidade e heterogeneidade do perfil neuropsicológico do TEA, especialmente das funções executivas (FE), este estudo se propõe, por meio de uma revisão crítica da literatura, sintetizar e refletir sobre os achados atuais, identificando relações, contradições, lacunas e sugerir novos rumos para estudos futuros. Como resultado, notam-se prejuízos sobre os domínios da teoria da mente, habilidades sociais e comunicação; memória de longo prazo preservada; comprometimento geral sobre as FE examinadas; e prejuízos significativos sobre flexibilidade, generatividade e memória de trabalho, mesmo sem TDAH comórbido e nível intelectual comparável. Realizar previsões de um perfil diferencial em subdomínios das FE ainda tem sido um grande desafio e é essencial realizar uma análise crítica, com base no que se encontra, na literatura científica, sobre o tema

Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic

MAPPING LOCAL PATTERNS OF CHILDHOOD OVERWEIGHT AND WASTING IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES BETWEEN 2000 AND 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic