Structure of an eight-membered CN4S3 ring with the shortest known transannual s...s contact

Sherpa Romeo green journal7-tert-Butyl-3-chloro- 1,3,5,2,4,6,8-trithiatetrazocine, CsH9C1N4S 3, Mr= 256"8, tetragonal, P42/n, a = 17.856 (2), c = 6.646 (1) A, V = 2118.9 (8)/k 3, z=8, Dx= 1.61gcm -3, 2(MoKa)=0.71073A, # =8.9cm -1, F(000)=1056, T=294K, final R= 0.049 for 1201 reflections. The molecule has a folded butterfly structure, with almost planar SNCNS and SNSNS fragments, and the C1 atom is endo. The transannular S-S contact is 2.378 (2)A, the shortest such distance in any thiazyl compound.Ye

Structure of a bicyclic sulfur-nitrogen-carbon heterocyclic molecule

Sherpa Romeo green journal7-Phenyl- 124324b'2,524-trithia-2,4,6,8,9-penta - azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, CTHsNsS 3, M r = 255.3, monoclinic, P2Jn, a = 5.958 (1), b = 22.954 (2), c= 7.428 (1) A,/I= 106.25 (1) °, V= 975.2 (4) A 3, Z=4, D x = 1.74 g cm -3, 2(Mo K~) = 0.71073 A, /~ = 7.00 cm -l, F(000) = 520, T = 293 K, R = 0.030 for 1363 unique observed reflections. The planar SNCNS and SNSNS components of the bicyclic molecule make dihedral angles of 137.1 and 118.3 ° with the SNS bridging unit. The S-N bonds connecting the NSN fragment to the CN3S 2 ring are much longer (1.728 A) than those in the remainder of the molecule (1.546- 1.630 A).Ye

Inhibition of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier protects from excitotoxic neuronal death.

Glutamate is the dominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, but under conditions of metabolic stress it can accumulate to excitotoxic levels. Although pharmacologic modulation of excitatory amino acid receptors is well studied, minimal consideration has been given to targeting mitochondrial glutamate metabolism to control neurotransmitter levels. Here we demonstrate that chemical inhibition of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) protects primary cortical neurons from excitotoxic death. Reductions in mitochondrial pyruvate uptake do not compromise cellular energy metabolism, suggesting neuronal metabolic flexibility. Rather, MPC inhibition rewires mitochondrial substrate metabolism to preferentially increase reliance on glutamate to fuel energetics and anaplerosis. Mobilizing the neuronal glutamate pool for oxidation decreases the quantity of glutamate released upon depolarization and, in turn, limits the positive-feedback cascade of excitotoxic neuronal injury. The finding links mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism to glutamatergic neurotransmission and establishes the MPC as a therapeutic target to treat neurodegenerative diseases characterized by excitotoxicity

The structure of the norbornadiene adduct of 5-phenyl-1,3,2,4,6-dithiatriazine

Sherpa Romeo green journal10-Phenyl- 1,8-dithia-9,11,12-triazatetracyclo- [6.3.1.1 a,6.02,7]tfideca- 1 (11),4,9,8 (12)-tetraene, C ~4- H13N3S2, Mr-- 287.4, monoclinic, P2 l, a = 5-789 (2), b=10.064(1), c--11.109(2)A, fl=94.78(2) °, V = 644.9 (4)/~3, Z = 2, D x = 1.48 g cm -3, 2(Mo Kct) =0.71073/~, p-- 3.84cm -~, F(000)= 300, T-- 293 K, R -- 0.037 for 1203 unique observed reflections. The norbornadiene bonds to the sulfur atoms in the exo-fl orientation and the nitrogen atom between the sulfur atoms is displaced 0.802 (4)/~ from the SNCNS plane. The C-N bond lengths are equal [1.335 (5)A] and the S--N bond lengths in a very narrow range of values [1.637 (4)-1.652 (4) A].Ye

Discovery of Pulsed γ\gamma-rays from PSR J0034-0534 with the Fermi LAT: A Case for Co-located Radio and γ\gamma-ray Emission Regions

Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) have been firmly established as a class of gamma-ray emitters via the detection of pulsations above 0.1 GeV from eight MSPs by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). Using thirteen months of LAT data significant gamma-ray pulsations at the radio period have been detected from the MSP PSR J0034-0534, making it the ninth clear MSP detection by the LAT. The gamma-ray light curve shows two peaks separated by 0.274$\pm$0.015 in phase which are very nearly aligned with the radio peaks, a phenomenon seen only in the Crab pulsar until now. The $\geq$0.1 GeV spectrum of this pulsar is well fit by an exponentially cutoff power law with a cutoff energy of 1.8$\pm 0.6\pm$0.1 GeV and a photon index of 1.5$\pm 0.2\pm$0.1, first errors are statistical and second are systematic. The near-alignment of the radio and gamma-ray peaks strongly suggests that the radio and gamma-ray emission regions are co-located and both are the result of caustic formation.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in Ap

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

First Search for Gravitational Waves from Known Pulsars with Advanced LIGO

We present the result of searches for gravitational waves from 200 pulsars using data from the first observing run of the Advanced LIGO detectors. We find no significant evidence for a gravitational-wave signal from any of these pulsars, but we are able to set the most constraining upper limits yet on their gravitational-wave amplitudes and ellipticities. For eight of these pulsars, our upper limits give bounds that are improvements over the indirect spin-down limit values. For another 32, we are within a factor of 10 of the spin-down limit, and it is likely that some of these will be reachable in future runs of the advanced detector. Taken as a whole, these new results improve on previous limits by more than a factor of two

Learning the student names in large classes: An application of multimedia technology

The procedure described herein is a low-cost method for incorporating images into the grade book, thus aiding the teacher in name-face recognition. We think we have found a good balance between cost, image quality, and access time based on December 1993 technology. It seems likely that the image quality will improve substantially in the next attempt as the multimedia center procures additional equipment, digital cameras, etc. Also, the technology exists such that short video clips could replace the still images, thus making it easier to establish name-face recognition. Also, we find that the additional workload on the teacher is, in our opinion, small provided that the multimedia center does the image digitization and cropping. Based on the perception of better teacher-student interaction, we intend to continue this program and urge others to experiment with their own implementations