La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamento de la Guajira, en los Municipios de Fonseca, Barrancas y Riohacha

Como bien conocemos Colombia ha sido un blanco del conflicto armado debido a las alteraciones socio-políticas donde algunas personas decidieron formar movimientos en contra del estado colombiano, debido al temas de narcotráfico y/o decisiones del estado por conflictos de intereses. Atentando contra la población civil en las diferentes zonas rurales y urbanas del país vulneradas que no contaban con el respaldo de las fuerzas militares. Los montes de María, se encuentra geográficamente en una montaña, hace parte de la subregión caribe pero exactamente en el corregimiento de El Salado, dicho corregimiento fue el pueblo más atacado por este conflicto, ya que se evidenció que durante 72 horas fueron aislado y asesinados dentro de su comunidad, este hecho recibe el nombre de “la masacre del salado”. El cual inicia con una advertencia con una lluvia de papeles donde se les informaba de la masacre, con el paso de las horas y luego de unos hechos confusos de disparo llegan al corregimiento un grupo de paramilitares, acabando con la infraestructura de cada hogar; las personas fueron despojadas de sus casas de manera violenta; fueron dispersados en la cancha del pueblo donde mediante un juego acaban con las vidas varias personas, las mujeres y niñas eran secuestradas y abusadas aclarando que la orden era eliminar al pueblo; Mediante este trabajo colaborativo se busca implementar estrategias psicosociales fundamentadas en los casos expuestos en los videos, con el fin de fortalecer a la comunidad. Además, de lograr una potencialización social- cultural garantizando la transformación social.As we well know, Colombia has been a target of the armed conflict due to socio-political alterations where some people decided to form movements against the Colombian state, due to drug trafficking issues and/or state decisions due to conflicts of interest. Attacking the civilian population in the different rural and urban areas of the country that were violated and did not have the support of the military forces. Montes de María, is geographically located on a mountain, it is part of the Caribbean subregion but exactly in the corregimiento of El Salado, said corregimiento was the town most attacked by this conflict, since it was evidenced that for 72 hours, they were isolated and killed Within their community, this event is known as the "Salty Massacre." Which begins with a warning with a shower of papers informing them of the massacre, as the hours go by and after some confusing shooting events, a group of paramilitaries arrive at the corregimiento, destroying the infrastructure of each home; people were violently evicted from their homes; They were dispersed on the town court where several people ended their lives through a game, the women and girls were kidnapped and abused, clarifying that the order was to eliminate the town; Through this collaborative work, the aim is to implement psychosocial strategies based on the cases presented in the videos, in order to strengthen the community as well as social-cultural potenialization, guaranteeing social transformation

Diplomado de profundización supply chain management y logística

Las Pymes son las pequeñas y medianas empresas que hacen parte de la economía de un país; en nuestro caso de estudio, las Pymes de confecciones, cobijan gran parte del mercado Colombiano. Es por esta razón que se deben mejorar las condiciones internas de nuestras Pymes y así poder enfrentar la globalización y los grandes retos que trae consigo la competitividad. Los estándares de calidad, son el objetivo principal de las Pymes de confecciones en nuestro país, ya que de ahí depende su presencia y permanencia en el mercado. Para afrontar el mercado internacional, los estándares de calidad deben ser muy altos; de ello depende el éxito de las Pymes de confecciones de Colombia y de su permanencia en el mercado. Las Pymes de confecciones de nuestro país, deben montar estrategias de mercado para afrontar la competencia de los demás países textileros. Analizando el tema clave, como son los cuellos de botella en el proceso logístico de las Pymes de confecciones en Colombia, se eliminarían, si existiera rapidez, eficiencia y seguridad; con su erradicación, las empresas lograrían mayores ganancias, eficiencia y eficacia en las operaciones logísticas y por ende entregas justo a tiempo y la entera satisfacción del cliente.SMEs are small and medium enterprises that are part of the economy of a country; In our case study, SMEs of clothing, cover much of the Colombian market. It is for this reason that the internal conditions of our SMEs must be improved and thus be able to face globalization and the great challenges that competitiveness entails. The quality standards are the main objective of the SMEs of clothing in our country, since that depends on their presence and permanence in the market. To face the international market, quality standards must be very high; On this depends the success of the SMEs of garments of Colombia and their permanence in the market. The SMEs of clothing of our country, must set up market strategies to face the competition of the other textile countries. Analyzing the key issue, such as bottlenecks in the logistics process of SMEs in Colombia, would be eliminated, if there were speed, efficiency and safety; With its eradication, companies would achieve greater profits, efficiency and effectiveness in logistics operations and therefore deliveries just in time and the entire customer satisfaction

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 has targeted elimination of preventable child mortality, reduction of neonatal death to less than 12 per 1000 livebirths, and reduction of death of children younger than 5 years to less than 25 per 1000 livebirths, for each country by 2030. To understand current rates, recent trends, and potential trajectories of child mortality for the next decade, we present the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 findings for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in children younger than 5 years of age, with multiple scenarios for child mortality in 2030 that include the consideration of potential effects of COVID-19, and a novel framework for quantifying optimal child survival. Methods We completed all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality analyses from 204 countries and territories for detailed age groups separately, with aggregated mortality probabilities per 1000 livebirths computed for neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and under-5 mortality rate (USMR). Scenarios for 2030 represent different potential trajectories, notably including potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential impact of improvements preferentially targeting neonatal survival. Optimal child survival metrics were developed by age, sex, and cause of death across all GBD location-years. The first metric is a global optimum and is based on the lowest observed mortality, and the second is a survival potential frontier that is based on stochastic frontier analysis of observed mortality and Healthcare Access and Quality Index. Findings Global U5MR decreased from 71.2 deaths per 1000 livebirths (95% uncertainty interval WI] 68.3-74-0) in 2000 to 37.1 (33.2-41.7) in 2019 while global NMR correspondingly declined more slowly from 28.0 deaths per 1000 live births (26.8-29-5) in 2000 to 17.9 (16.3-19-8) in 2019. In 2019,136 (67%) of 204 countries had a USMR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold and 133 (65%) had an NMR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold, and the reference scenario suggests that by 2030,154 (75%) of all countries could meet the U5MR targets, and 139 (68%) could meet the NMR targets. Deaths of children younger than 5 years totalled 9.65 million (95% UI 9.05-10.30) in 2000 and 5.05 million (4.27-6.02) in 2019, with the neonatal fraction of these deaths increasing from 39% (3.76 million 95% UI 3.53-4.021) in 2000 to 48% (2.42 million; 2.06-2.86) in 2019. NMR and U5MR were generally higher in males than in females, although there was no statistically significant difference at the global level. Neonatal disorders remained the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years in 2019, followed by lower respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, congenital birth defects, and malaria. The global optimum analysis suggests NMR could be reduced to as low as 0.80 (95% UI 0.71-0.86) deaths per 1000 livebirths and U5MR to 1.44 (95% UI 1-27-1.58) deaths per 1000 livebirths, and in 2019, there were as many as 1.87 million (95% UI 1-35-2.58; 37% 95% UI 32-43]) of 5.05 million more deaths of children younger than 5 years than the survival potential frontier. Interpretation Global child mortality declined by almost half between 2000 and 2019, but progress remains slower in neonates and 65 (32%) of 204 countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, are not on track to meet either SDG 3.2 target by 2030. Focused improvements in perinatal and newborn care, continued and expanded delivery of essential interventions such as vaccination and infection prevention, an enhanced focus on equity, continued focus on poverty reduction and education, and investment in strengthening health systems across the development spectrum have the potential to substantially improve USMR. Given the widespread effects of COVID-19, considerable effort will be required to maintain and accelerate progress. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd

Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Desenlaces clínicos en pacientes con trasplante renal hospitalizados por COVID-19

Introduction: The coronavirus 19 disease (COVID-19) increased mortality in organ solid transplant patients due to chronic immunosuppression and significant comorbidity burden. We aim to evaluate patient and graft survival in kidney transplant (KT) recipients who were hospitalized or treated in Intensive Care Units (ICU) after contracting COVID-19. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on adult KT recipients diagnosed with COVID-19 between June 1 and July 31, 2021. The study reported demographics, symptoms, laboratory parameters, and clinical outcomes 30 days after a positive test. Risk factors for mortality were identified through comparisons between hospitalization-in-wards and ICU groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate graft and patient survival. Results: 55 KT patients were analysed, recipient age and history of diabetes showed significant differences between groups (p = 0.0124 and p = 0.0506, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that diabetes (p = 0.002) and dialysis requirement (p = 0.0006) were significantly associated with mortality risk. The overall mortality rate was 25.5%, with graft loss at 12.7%. Patient survival after 30 days was 74.5%, with significantly higher survival in the hospitalization-in-wards group (p = 0.0001) compared to the ICU group. Conclusions: KT patients diagnosed with COVID-19 are at higher mortality risk than the general population. Our study found that patients in the ICU group experienced worse clinical outcomes and higher mortality rates compared to those in the hospitalization-in-wards group. These findings underscore the importance of closely monitoring COVID-19-implicated KT patients and tailoring treatment plans to minimize risk and improve outcomes.Introducción: la enfermedad por coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) aumentó la mortalidad en pacientes con trasplante renal (TR) debido a inmunosupresión crónica y carga significativa de comorbilidad. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar la supervivencia del paciente y del injerto en receptores de TR hospitalizados o tratados en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) por COVID-19. Métodos: estudio observacional retrospectivo en adultos receptores de TR diagnosticados con COVID-19 entre junio 1 a julio 31 de 2021. Reportamos variables demográficas, sintomatología, laboratorios y desenlaces a los 30 días del resultado positivo. Comparamos hospitalización general y UCI, identificando factores de riesgo asociados a mortalidad. La supervivencia del injerto y del paciente fueron calculadas con el método de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: se analizaron 55 pacientes, la edad y tener diabetes mostraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos (p = 0,0124 y p = 0,0506 respectivamente). El análisis multivariante reveló que la diabetes (p = 0,002) y la necesidad de diálisis (p = 0,0006) se asociaron significativamente con mortalidad. La tasa de mortalidad global fue 25,5 %, con pérdida del injerto del 12,7 %. La supervivencia de los pacientes a 30 días de infección fue 74,5 %, siendo significativamente mayor en el grupo de hospitalización en salas (p = 0,0001) comparado con tratamiento en UCI. Conclusión: los pacientes con TR diagnosticados con COVID-19 tienen mayor riesgo de mortalidad que la población general. Nuestro estudio encontró que el grupo en UCI experimentó peores desenlaces y tasas de mortalidad más altas. Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de monitorear COVID-19 en pacientes con KT

Targeting the extra domain A of fibronectin for cancer therapy with CAR-T cells

Background One of the main difficulties of adoptive cell therapies with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells in solid tumors is the identification of specific target antigens. The tumor microenvironment can present suitable antigens for CAR design, even though they are not expressed by the tumor cells. We have generated a CAR specific for the splice variant extra domain A (EDA) of fibronectin, which is highly expressed in the tumor stroma of many types of tumors but not in healthy tissues. Methods EDA expression was explored in RNA-seq data from different human tumor types and by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded tumor biopsies. Murine and human anti-EDA CAR-T cells were prepared using recombinant retro/lentiviruses, respectively. The functionality of EDA CAR-T cells was measured in vitro in response to antigen stimulation. The antitumor activity of EDA CAR-T cells was measured in vivo in C57BL/6 mice challenged with PM299L-EDA hepatocarcinoma cell line, in 129Sv mice-bearing F9 teratocarcinoma and in NSG mice injected with the human hepatocarcinoma cell line PLC. Results EDA CAR-T cells recognized and killed EDA-expressing tumor cell lines in vitro and rejected EDA-expressing tumors in immunocompetent mice. Notably, EDA CAR-T cells showed an antitumor effect in mice injected with EDA-negative tumor cells lines when the tumor stroma or the basement membrane of tumor endothelial cells express EDA. Thus, EDA CAR-T administration delayed tumor growth in immunocompetent 129Sv mice challenged with teratocarcinoma cell line F9. EDA CAR-T treatment exerted an antiangiogenic effect and significantly reduced gene signatures associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, collagen synthesis, extracellular matrix organization as well as IL-6-STAT5 and KRAS pathways. Importantly, the human version of EDA CAR, that includes the human 41BB and CD3 zeta endodomains, exerted strong antitumor activity in NSG mice challenged with the human hepatocarcinoma cell line PLC, which expresses EDA in the tumor stroma and the endothelial vasculature. EDA CAR-T cells exhibited a tropism for EDA-expressing tumor tissue and no toxicity was observed in tumor bearing or in healthy mice. Conclusions These results suggest that targeting the tumor-specific fibronectin splice variant EDA with CAR-T cells is feasible and offers a therapeutic option that is applicable to different types of cancer

Targeting the extra domain A of fibronectin for cancer therapy with CAR-T cells

Background One of the main difficulties of adoptive cell therapies with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells in solid tumors is the identification of specific target antigens. The tumor microenvironment can present suitable antigens for CAR design, even though they are not expressed by the tumor cells. We have generated a CAR specific for the splice variant extra domain A (EDA) of fibronectin, which is highly expressed in the tumor stroma of many types of tumors but not in healthy tissues. Methods EDA expression was explored in RNA-seq data from different human tumor types and by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded tumor biopsies. Murine and human anti-EDA CAR-T cells were prepared using recombinant retro/lentiviruses, respectively. The functionality of EDA CAR-T cells was measured in vitro in response to antigen stimulation. The antitumor activity of EDA CAR-T cells was measured in vivo in C57BL/6 mice challenged with PM299L-EDA hepatocarcinoma cell line, in 129Sv mice-bearing F9 teratocarcinoma and in NSG mice injected with the human hepatocarcinoma cell line PLC. Results EDA CAR-T cells recognized and killed EDA-expressing tumor cell lines in vitro and rejected EDA-expressing tumors in immunocompetent mice. Notably, EDA CAR-T cells showed an antitumor effect in mice injected with EDA-negative tumor cells lines when the tumor stroma or the basement membrane of tumor endothelial cells express EDA. Thus, EDA CAR-T administration delayed tumor growth in immunocompetent 129Sv mice challenged with teratocarcinoma cell line F9. EDA CAR-T treatment exerted an antiangiogenic effect and significantly reduced gene signatures associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, collagen synthesis, extracellular matrix organization as well as IL-6-STAT5 and KRAS pathways. Importantly, the human version of EDA CAR, that includes the human 41BB and CD3 zeta endodomains, exerted strong antitumor activity in NSG mice challenged with the human hepatocarcinoma cell line PLC, which expresses EDA in the tumor stroma and the endothelial vasculature. EDA CAR-T cells exhibited a tropism for EDA-expressing tumor tissue and no toxicity was observed in tumor bearing or in healthy mice. Conclusions These results suggest that targeting the tumor-specific fibronectin splice variant EDA with CAR-T cells is feasible and offers a therapeutic option that is applicable to different types of cancer

Política criminal y abolicionismo, hacia una cultura restaurativa

Este libro es el producto de las investigaciones realizadas durante el año 2017 que fueron presentadas en el Congreso internacional: “Perspectivas críticas de la política criminal y el abolicionismo”, donde se generaron reflexiones sobre la cultura del castigo y se plantearon las distintas alternativas abolicionistas. La publicación está dividida en dos partes, la primera parte del libro se denomina “De la cultura de castigo a una cultura restaurativa”, la cual contiene cinco capítulos que abordan desde una perspectiva crítica el punitivismo de la política criminal y el uso excesivo de la sanción privativa de la libertad. De igual forma explora la justicia transicional y la justicia restaurativa como posibles alternativas a la política criminal retributiva y una forma de promover la reconstrucción de los lazos sociales rotos. La segunda parte del libro titulada, “Los efectos de la política criminal punitivista en la población vulnerable”, contiene ocho capítulos que analizan la exclusión, el estigma y la marginalización que sufren mujeres, grupos indígenas, adultos mayores privados de la libertad y cuando cumplen su pena y recuperan la libertad, por lo cual surge la necesidad de generar transformaciones donde se transite hacia escenarios de reconciliación, la desnaturalización del punitivismo y el reconocimiento de la dignidad humana