Expectation Versus Reality: Perceived Differences in Cognitive Ability Between Men and Women

In Western society, there is a common belief that there are clear differences between male and female brains. In our project, we hope to gain insight into the beliefs of undergraduate students regarding this very idea. We are surveying Binghamton University students about their perceptions regarding the differences in cognitive ability between cis-gender men and women. Our survey asks students if certain skills are gendered, which gender these skills are more closely associated with, and where students learned these stereotypes. These results will be compared to the current state of knowledge about cognitive differences between the sexes. We anticipate that students will overestimate the extent of brain differences between the sexes, as our culture has conditioned us to believe. Our goal is to enlighten others about the pervasiveness of neurosexism.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1097/thumbnail.jp

Priority Outcomes in Critically Ill Children: A Patient and Parent Perspective

BACKGROUND: Outcomes in pediatric critical care research are typically selected by the researcher. OBJECTIVES: (1) To identify outcomes prioritized by patients and their families following a critical illness and (2) to determine the overlap between patient-centered and researcher-selected study outcomes. METHODS: An exploratory descriptive qualitative study nested within a longitudinal cohort study conducted in 2 pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). Participants were purposively sampled from the primary cohort to ensure adequate demographic representation. Qualitative descriptive approaches based on naturalistic observation were used to collect data and analyze results. Data were coded by using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health Children and Youth (ICF-CY) framework. RESULTS: Twenty-one participants were interviewed a mean of 5.1 months after PICU discharge. Outcomes fell into 2 categories: patient-centered and family-centered. In the former, diagnosis, survival, and prognosis were key priorities during the acute critical illness. Once survival appears possible, functioning (physical, cognitive, and emotional), and factors that influence recovery (ie, rehabilitation, environment, and quality of life) are prioritized. Family-centered outcomes consisted of parents\u27 psychosocial functioning and experience of care. Patient-centered outcomes were covered well by the selected study measures of functioning, but not by the clinical outcome measures. CONCLUSION: Functioning and quality of life are key patient-centered outcomes during recovery from critical illness. These are not well captured by end points typically used in PICU studies. These results justify the importance of patient- and family-centered outcomes in PICU research and a need to determine how these outcomes can be comprehensively measured

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Prospective, multicentre study of screening, investigation and management of hyponatraemia after subarachnoid haemorrhage in the UK and Ireland

Background: Hyponatraemia often occurs after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). However, its clinical significance and optimal management are uncertain. We audited the screening, investigation and management of hyponatraemia after SAH. Methods: We prospectively identified consecutive patients with spontaneous SAH admitted to neurosurgical units in the United Kingdom or Ireland. We reviewed medical records daily from admission to discharge, 21 days or death and extracted all measurements of serum sodium to identify hyponatraemia (<135 mmol/L). Main outcomes were death/dependency at discharge or 21 days and admission duration >10 days. Associations of hyponatraemia with outcome were assessed using logistic regression with adjustment for predictors of outcome after SAH and admission duration. We assessed hyponatraemia-free survival using multivariable Cox regression. Results: 175/407 (43%) patients admitted to 24 neurosurgical units developed hyponatraemia. 5976 serum sodium measurements were made. Serum osmolality, urine osmolality and urine sodium were measured in 30/166 (18%) hyponatraemic patients with complete data. The most frequently target daily fluid intake was >3 L and this did not differ during hyponatraemic or non-hyponatraemic episodes. 26% (n/N=42/164) patients with hyponatraemia received sodium supplementation. 133 (35%) patients were dead or dependent within the study period and 240 (68%) patients had hospital admission for over 10 days. In the multivariable analyses, hyponatraemia was associated with less dependency (adjusted OR (aOR)=0.35 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.69)) but longer admissions (aOR=3.2 (1.8 to 5.7)). World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grade I–III, modified Fisher 2–4 and posterior circulation aneurysms were associated with greater hazards of hyponatraemia. Conclusions: In this comprehensive multicentre prospective-adjusted analysis of patients with SAH, hyponatraemia was investigated inconsistently and, for most patients, was not associated with changes in management or clinical outcome. This work establishes a basis for the development of evidence-based SAH-specific guidance for targeted screening, investigation and management of high-risk patients to minimise the impact of hyponatraemia on admission duration and to improve consistency of patient care

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A GENETIC ANALYSIS SYSTEM FOR SACCHAROMYCOPSIS FIBULIGERA-YARROWIA LIPOLYTICA RECOMBINANTS

Master'sMASTER OF SCIENC

Alter /native: Imagining and performing the native woman in Francophone and Vietnamese literature.

Using the models of the native proposed by such postcolonial scholars such as Homi Bhabha, Gayatri Spivak, and Rey Chow, this dissertation attempts to find a new model of the native woman as she is represented in postcolonial Francophone Vietnamese literature and contemporary literature from Vietnam. Most postcolonial models of the native concentrate upon a mythical image of the native. As Albert Memmi argues, the legitimacy of colonization depends on the colonized's acceptance of his own portrait as it is painted by others. I examine the ways in which this image is constructed from cliches and stereotypes that are enforced upon the native by the dominant culture in which she exists (either France or Vietnam). I further propose the alter/native of viewing the native as nothing more than simulacrum: the imaginary (or image-inary) native. The imaginary native is aware of the constructed and simulated nature of her own identity as native as such, and uses this awareness to destabilize the very system that attempts to enforce it (her identity as native) upon her. In exposing her own constructedness, her own status as a product of culture, the imaginary native at the same time refuses and escapes the gaze of authority (be it colonial or native), which can no longer lay a claim upon her. In this way, the imaginary native is granted the agency that previous models of the native have lacked. In this dissertation I examine several figurations of native Vietnamese women in an attempt to locate this alter/native in the works of contemporary Vietnamese women writers, both those who write in French---namely Kim Lefevre, Linda Le, and Anna Moi---and those who write in Vietnamese, including Pha&dotbelow;m Thi&dotbelow; Hoai, Ly Lan, Le Minh Khue, and Cong Ton Huye`n.Ph.D.Asian literatureComparative literatureLanguage, Literature and LinguisticsRomance literatureUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/124381/2/3138131.pd