A VALIDATED GRADIENT STABILITY-INDICATING LC METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF VALSARTAN IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM

Objective: The objective of this research work was to develop a sensitive, precise, specific, linear and stability-indicating gradient HPLC method for the estimation of valsartan in bulk drug and in pharmaceutical preparations.Methods: Chromatographic separation was achieved on C-18 stationary phase with a gradient mobile phase consisting of orthophosphoric acid buffer (the pH of the solution was adjusted to 4.2±0.05 with triethylamine) and methanol. The eluent was monitored with PDA detector at 225 nm with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, run time of 65 min.Results: The method was linear over the range of 20-120μg/ml. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9994±0.02. In order to check the selectivity of the method for pharmaceutical preparations, forced degradation studies were carried out. Valsartan was found to be stable at light and oxidation experiments. The performance of the method was validated according to the present ICH guidelines for specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness. .The LOQ was found to be 0.26µg/ml and the LOD was found to be 0.79µg/ml. Valsartan showed good correlation coefficient in the concentration range of 20-120μg/ml. The developed method was compared statistically by applying two-way anova and student's t-test to correlate with an isocratic method and was applied to bulk drug and tablet dosage form. There was no significant difference between the two methods.Conclusion: The proposed method was found to be accurate, precise, sensitive and robust. Hence, it can be used successfully for the routine analysis of valsartan in pharmaceutical formulation and for analysis of stability samples obtained during accelerated stability study

Rapid and selective UV Spectrophotometric method for the analysis of Olmesartan medoxomil in bulk and dosage form

A new UV spectrophotometric method was developed for quantitative evalution of Olmesartan medoxomil preparations. The UV detector was set at 256nm. Beers law is obeyed in the concentration range of 2.0 -14.0 µg/ml. The method was found to be selective, linear, accurate and precise in the specified ranges. Intra and interday variability for the method were < 2% relative standard deviation common excipients used as additives in pharmaceutical preparations do not interfere with the proposed method. This method was successfully used for quantification of Olmesartan medoxomil in pure form and in pharmaceutical preparation

Phytostabilization of tannery contaminated soil using naturally colonized plant species Ricinus communis and Calotropis procera

The present study involves assessment of four metals (Cr, Pb, Cu and Mn) and its mobility in Ricinus communis and Calotropis procera growing on tannery contaminated soil (TCS). The area is moderately to strongly contaminated with Cr. Except for Cr, all analyzed metals were found within critical range in TCS and in both the plants. Translocation and bioconcentration factor assessment showed TF 1 for both the plants,which justifies major transfer and accumulation of Cr from soil to root. As these plants are not grazed by grazing animals, ecological metal transfer risks from these plants are quite low. High commercial importance such as biofuel production with medicinal values further enhances its utilization for phytostabilisation of moderately Cr contaminated sites.Authors are grateful to Upadhyay NC, Principal Scientist, Soil Science Department, Central Potato research Institute, Modipuram, India for providing laboratory facility for soil and plant analysis. Thanks are due to Meerut College and Ural Federal University for e-research facility supported by the Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, agreement No. 02.A03.21.0006

Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017 : results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Correction:Background Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. Methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.Peer reviewe

Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality : methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

Background While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. Methods In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. Results GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. Conclusions GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future.Peer reviewe

Percutaneous angio-embolization of a post laparoscopy complex utero-adenexal vascular malformation

Vascular abnormalities are uncommon causes of uterine bleeding. Laparoscopic surgeries, however, require expertise and improper techniques can lead to major vascular complications. We report an unusual case of utero-adenexal arterio- venous fistula with arterio - venous malformation due to pelvic trauma caused during laparoscopic sterilisation procedure, which was treated by percutaneous embolisation technique. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documentation of such a complex vascular injury caused by laparoscopic sterilisation and its endovascular managemen

Percutaneous angio-embolization of a post laparoscopy complex utero-adenexal vascular malformation

Vascular abnormalities are uncommon causes of uterine bleeding. Laparoscopic surgeries, however, require expertise and improper techniques can lead to major vascular complications. We report an unusual case of utero-adenexal arterio- venous fistula with arterio - venous malformation due to pelvic trauma caused during laparoscopic sterilisation procedure, which was treated by percutaneous embolisation technique. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documentation of such a complex vascular injury caused by laparoscopic sterilisation and its endovascular management

Anaplastic Carcinoma Thyroid in a Young Child – an Extremely Rare Occurrence

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), one of the most aggressive malignancies, is extremely rare in childhood. We present a case of 5-yearold child who presented with rapidly progressing thyroid swelling and stridor, for which she underwent emergency tracheostomy and biopsy. Histopathological features were suggestive of ATC and the patient died within two months after diagnosis. ATC, though very rare in childhood, should be kept in the differential diagnoses of rapidly enlarging neck masses in children. To the best of our knowledge, this is the youngest case of ATC reported in literature