Los molinos de El Cerco de Bolunburu (Zalla, Bizkaia). Una primera aproximación

El Cerco de Bolunburu es un pequeño castro de la Segunda Edad del Hierro situado a orillas del río Cadagua, en el interior de Bizkaia. Ha sido objeto de excavación arqueológica desde el año 2008, en sucesivas campañas que han permitido localizar los principales elementos que lo conforman. Se ha podido reconocer así el perímetro, prácticamente completo, de la muralla, la puerta abierta en uno de sus extremos y el foso exterior que completaba la defensa del recinto. En esta comunicación se hace una primera aproximación al estudio de los molinos hallados en el yacimiento, que constituyen el tipo de artefacto más frecuente en el registro arqueológico del mismo. La uniformidad morfológica que se observa en su ejecución, así como la utilización en todos los casos de la misma clase de roca como materia prima, hacen sospechar un origen común, local, para estos objetos. La identificación de afloramientos de asperón en el límite mismo del yacimiento no hace sino reforzar esta consideración

Iuliobriga. Recent archaeological interventions (2001-2017)

RESUMEN. Este artículo recoge los resultados más relevantes de las excavaciones arqueológicas llevadas a cabo en la ciudad romana de Iuliobriga en las dos últimas décadas. En él se describen las diferentes partes de la ciudad en las que se ha trabajado y se indican las principales novedades de la investigación referentes a la cronología inicial de la ocupación y al proceso de abandono del núcleo urbano.ABSTRACT. This paper on the most important results of the archaeological excavations conducted at the Roman town of Iuliobriga in the last two decades describes the parts of the town that have been studied and explains the main novelties of the research into the chronology of the initial occupation and the process of abandonment of the urban centre.“Este trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del proyecto “Paisaje Histórico de Campoo los Valles”, subvencionado por la Consejería de Educación, Cultura y Deporte del Gobierno de Cantabria”

"Ob Civis Servatos" en un fragmento de "senatus consultum" hispano

This article presents the final part of a senatus consultum preserved in a small fragment of a bronze plaque from Moratalla (Murcia, Spain). Although only the last eight lines of the inscription remain and even they are incomplete, the phrase ob civis servatos and the explicit reference to a senatus consultum allow us to relate the inscription to the Senate meeting on January 27 BC, when Caesar Octavian received an oak wreath (corona querna) to hang above the door of his house, for having saved the citizensEste trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del proyecto de investigación HAR2017-84711-P, financiado por el Ministerio español de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades

El foro romano de Iuliobriga (Cantabria): nuevas investigaciones arqueológicas

This article offers a general interpretation of Iuliobriga’s forum, emphasizing its characteristics and peculiarities from the information obtained in the latest archaeological research. It focuses on the results of an excavation made in 2004 inside the church of Santa María in Retortillo. This archaeological dig has allowed us to broaden the view we had of the forum’s square, thanks to the discovery of a new functional space inside it. The archaeological research has also revealed information about the origin of the habitat in Iuliobriga and permits the forum to be dated with certainty in the Flavian period.Se ofrece una interpretación general del foro de Iuliobriga, destacando sus características y peculiaridades tras la información obtenida en las últimas investigaciones arqueológicas. En especial, se presentan los resultados de una excavación realizada en 2004 en el interior de la iglesia de Santa María de Retortillo, la cual ha permitido ampliar la visión que se tenía de la plaza porticada del foro, con el descubrimiento de un nuevo espacio funcional dentro de éste. La misma intervención arqueológica ha aportado datos sobre el origen del hábitat en Iuliobriga y sobre la datación flavia del conjunto monumental del foro

Mineralogical Characterization of Slags from the Oiola Site (Biscay, Spain) to Assess the Development in Bloomery Iron Smelting Technology from the Roman Period to the Middle Ages

The Oiola archeological site, located in the mining complex of La Arboleda (Biscay, North Spain)was an important iron smelting center from the Roman Period to the Middle Ages and even in more current times (19th–20th centuries). Tap-slags and some plano-convex slags were identified as smelting slags. Samples were analyzed by optical microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy coupled with electron-dispersive spectroscopy and Raman microspectroscopy to perform a mineralogical and textural characterization. Additionally, thermogravimetric and thermodiffraction analyses were carried out to determine furnace operating temperatures. The mineral assemblage reflects furnace temperatures and cooling rates and the addition of quartz as the main flux to decrease the melting temperature of the iron ore. The comparison of slags from the Roman Period and the Middle Age reveals changes in the pyrometallurgical process through time.H.P.-B. would like to thank the PRE-2019-2-0138 PhD research grant of the Basque Country Government and the SGIker service at the University of the Basque Countr

Further insights in trichothiodistrophy: a clinical, microscopic, and ultrastructural study of 20 cases and literature review

Background: Trichothiodistrophy (TTD) is a rare autosomal recessive condition that is characterized by a specific congenital hair shaft dysplasia caused by deficiency of sulfur associated with a wide spectrum of multisystem abnormalities. In this article, we study clinical, microscopic, and ultrastructural findings of 20 patients with TTD with the aim to add further insights regarding to this rare condition. Additionally, analyses of our results are compared with those extracted from the literature in order to enhance its comprehensibility. Materials and Methods: Twenty cases of TTD were included: 7 from Mexico and 14 from Spain. Clinical, microscopic, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies and X-ray microanalysis (XrMa) were carried out in all of them. Genetic studies were performed in all seven Mexican cases. Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum and xeroderma pigmentosum/TTD-complex were excluded. Results: Cuticular changes and longitudinal crests of the hair shaft were demonstrated. These crests were irregular, disorganized, following the hair longest axis. Hair shaft sulfur deficiency was disposed discontinuously and intermittently rather than uniformly. This severe decrease of sulfur contents was located close to the trichoschisis areas. Only five patients did not show related disturbances. Micro-dolichocephaly was observed in five cases and represented the most frequent facial dysmorphism found. It is also remarkable that all patients with urologic malformations also combined diverse neurologic disorders. Moreover, three Mexican sisters demonstrated the coexistence of scarce pubic vellus hair, developmental delay, onychodystrophy, and maxillar/mandibullar hypoplasia. Conclusions: TTD phenotype has greatly varied from very subtle forms to severe alterations such as neurologic abnormalities, blindness, lamellar ichthyosis and gonadal malformations. Herein, a multisystem study should be performed mandatorily in patients diagnosed with TTD

La arquitectura defensiva y doméstica del castro del Alto de La Garma (Cantabria)

RESUMEN: El castro del Alto de La Garma, en Omoño, en Ribamontán al Monte, es un pequeño recinto fortificado de la Primera Edad del Hierro situado en la zona costera de Cantabria. Las excavaciones realizadas han permitido documentar una ocupación en dos fases. La primera, que se enmarca en la Edad del Hierro i, cuenta con una muralla defensiva construida en terrazas y viviendas circulares, cuya cronología puede situarse entre finales del s. VIII a. C. y finales del s. VI a. C. La segunda fase, tras una centuria de abandono, se fecha entre el final del s. V y el IV a. C., se caracteriza por la construcción de una muralla de doble careado. Algunos materiales arqueológicos y la datación absoluta abren la posibilidad de que esta fortificación, tras un nuevo abandono, hubiera sido utilizada durante la Segunda Edad del Hierro o durante la etapa romana. En este artículo se analizan sus ocupaciones a partir del estudio de la arquitectura defensiva y doméstica, poniéndose en relación con otros yacimientos de la Edad del Hierro de la región cantábrica.ABSTRACT: The archaeological site of Alto de La Garma, in Omoño, Ribamontán al Monte, is an Early Iron Age little hillfort located in the coastal area of Cantabria. The excavations carried out have documented a settlement with two occupation phases. The first, which dates from the Iron Age i, has a defensive wall built in terraces and circular houses, whose chronology is between the end of the 8th century bc and the end of the 6th century bc. The second phase, after a century of abandonment, dates between the end of the 5th and the 4th century bc, is characterized by the construction of a double-faced wall. Some archaeological materials and absolute dating also open the possibility that the hillfort, after a new abandonment, was in use during the Second Iron Age or the Roman Age. In this paper we present a study of all their occupations focusing on the analysis of its defensive and domestic architecture, in relation to others archaeological sites from the Iron Age of the Cantabrian Region

Contribution to the study of the Alto de La Garma hillfort (Cantabria): the pottery of the Early Iron Age

RESUMEN: El castro del Alto de La Garma (Omoño, Ribamontán al Monte) es un pequeño recinto fortificado de la Primera Edad del Hierro situado en la zona costera de Cantabria. Las excavaciones realizadas han permitido documentar una fortificación datada en el s. vii a. C., reformada en un momento posterior, en cuyo interior se levantaron estructuras habitacionales de planta circular. Dentro del registro material recuperado destaca el conjunto cerámico sobre el que se centra el siguiente trabajo. En este artículo se presenta el análisis macroscópico del material cerámico atendiendo a sus rasgos tecnológicos, morfológicos y decorativos. Esto permitirá abordar desde bases más sólidas futuros estudios de este tipo de materiales en otros yacimientos de la región. Finalmente, se presenta una comparación del conjunto con el documentado en otros yacimientos coetáneos en la zona, destacando las similitudes o diferencias entre los materiales recuperados.ABSTRACT: The archaeological site of Alto de La Garma (Omoño, Ribamontán al Monte, Spain) is an early Iron Age hillfort located in the littoral of Cantabria. The excavations have documented a fortification dated to the viith century bc, rebuilt at a later time. Inside the fortified area, some circular huts have been found. This paper presents the macroscopic analysis of the pottery ensemble focused on the technological, morphological and decorative features. That will provide a solid ground for future studies of this type of material in other sites of the region. To finish, it presents a comparison of this ensemble with the remains recorded in others contemporary archaeological sites of the area, highlighting the similarities and differences between them

Further insights in trichothiodistrophy: A clinical, microscopic, and ultrastructural study of 20 cases and literature review

Trichothiodistrophy (TTD) is a rare autosomal recessive condition that is characterized by a specific congenital hair shaft dysplasia caused by deficiency of sulfur associated with a wide spectrum of multisystem abnormalities. In this article, we study clinical, microscopic, and ultrastructural findings of 20 patients with TTD with the aim to add further insights regarding to this rare condition. Additionally, analyses of our results are compared with those extracted from the literature in order to enhance its comprehensibility. Materials and Methods: Twenty cases of TTD were included: 7 from Mexico and 14 from Spain. Clinical, microscopic, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies and X-ray microanalysis (XrMa) were carried out in all of them. Genetic studies were performed in all seven Mexican cases. Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum and xeroderma pigmentosum/TTD-complex were excluded. Results: Cuticular changes and longitudinal crests of the hair shaft were demonstrated. These crests were irregular, disorganized, following the hair longest axis. Hair shaft sulfur deficiency was disposed discontinuously and intermittently rather than uniformly. This severe decrease of sulfur contents was located close to the trichoschisis areas. Only five patients did not show related disturbances. Micro-dolichocephaly was observed in five cases and represented the most frequent facial dysmorphism found. It is also remarkable that all patients with urologic malformations also combined diverse neurologic disorders. Moreover, three Mexican sisters demonstrated the coexistence of scarce pubic vellus hair, developmental delay, onychodystrophy, and maxillar/mandibullar hypoplasia. Conclusions: TTD phenotype has greatly varied from very subtle forms to severe alterations such as neurologic abnormalities, blindness, lamellar ichthyosis and gonadal malformations. Herein, a multisystem study should be performed mandatorily in patients diagnosed with TTD

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio