La enseñanza de la estadística en la Educación Primaria en Cuba. Antecedentes y actualidad (Ensayo).

At present statistics are very widespread, its use is inevitable and is manifested in the collection, processing and analysis of information related to economic, political, social, biological, psychological, physical, chemical data. In these times it is relatively easy to access multiple data of local, national or global scope, related to the topics that we work on daily or in any investigative management that we are addressing, at the same time that there are effective systems, electronic tabulators and mathematical assistants to statistical processing. All this means that the preparation of man in the use of statistics and new technologies is the main challenge of today, which cannot be waived. In this sense, this article offers an approach to the teaching of statistics in Primary in the Cuban context that starts from the main antecedents and reflections that support the important need to correctly teach statistics content in our schools.En la actualidad la estadística está muy difundida, su uso es inevitable y se manifiesta en la recopilación, procesamiento y análisis de la información relacionada con datos económicos, políticos, sociales, biológicos, psicológicos, físicos, químicos. En estos tiempos es relativamente fácil acceder a múltiples datos de alcance local, nacional o mundial, relacionados con los temas que trabajamos cotidianamente o en cualquier gestión investigativa que estemos abordando, a la vez que se dispone de eficaces sistemas tabuladores electrónicos y asistentes matemáticos para el procesamiento estadístico. Todo esto significa que la preparación del hombre en el uso de la estadística y de las nuevas tecnologías es el principal reto de hoy, al cual no se puede renunciar. En este sentido, el presente artículo ofrece un acercamiento a la enseñanza de la estadística en Primaria en el contexto cubano, que parte de los principales antecedentes y reflexiones que fundamentan la importante necesidad de enseñar correctamente los contenidos de estadística en las escuelas.&nbsp

Bordadoras en el museo

Bordadoras en el Museo comenzó en 2016 sin interrupciones. Cada año un grupo de mujeres –de diferentes barrios– y estudiantes universitarias se reúnen en el Museo Evita - Palacio Ferreyra a bordar, saber de una de ellas. Los cruces e intercambios de realidades diversas son parte de este proyecto ya que muchas de las mujeres viven en contextos de pobreza y exclusión. Postulamos que las prácticas territoriales potencian la integración como proceso para sumar individualidades que amplíen experiencias colectivas. Nuestra propuesta piensa lo artístico vinculado a la experiencia creadora, que a su vez se sustenta en trabajar los vínculos, permite expresar los sentimientos y las ideas, así como expresar lo silenciado y poner en duda los modelos establecidos. Ir al territorio es lo contrario al taller del artista, es ir al campo de acción concreta, donde lo real y la ficción se cruzan.Val, Mariana del. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Artes. Secretaría de Extensión; Argentina.Micaela Albrecht. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Artes. Secretaría de Extensión; Argentina

EFECTO DEL EXTRACTO ACUOSO DEL FRUTO DE Capsicum pubescens SOBRE ÚLCERAS GÁSTRICAS INDUCIDAS EN Rattus rattus var. albinus

Objetivo: Determinar el efecto del extracto acuoso del fruto de Capsicum pubescens sobre úlceras gástricas inducidas con etanol en Rattus rattus var. albinus. Material y Método: Se distribuyeron al azar 20 especímenes Rattus rattus var. albinus machos, adultos, en cuatro  grupos de cinco especímenes cada uno: Grupo Blanco, Grupo  control; Grupo de experimental I y Grupo de experimental II. La inducción de úlceras gástricas se realizó administrando 1 mL Alcohol 70° GL, todos los días por la mañana en ayunas al grupo control. Al grupo  experimental I, se le administró 100 mg/ kg p.c de extracto acuoso del fruto de Capsicum pubescens, transcurrida una hora se le administró 1mL de alcohol  de 70° y al grupo experimental II se le administró 1 mL de alcohol de 70°, luego de una hora, 1000 mg/ kg de extracto acuoso del fruto de Capsicum pubescens. Los tratamientos fueron durante una semana y por vía oral. Resultados: Los resultados macroscópicos  e histopatológicos evidencian leve afectación a nivel gástrico, con leve pérdida de continuidad de la mucosa, así mismo leve infiltrado de PMN, leve edema, sin afectación de muscularis mucosae, ni submucosa en el grupo preventivo que recibió C. pubescens, a diferencia del grupo experimental II y más aún del grupo control. Conclusión: El extracto acuoso de C. pubescens presenta efecto gastroprotector, y esta protección es más evidente cuando el extracto se administra antes del agente agresor a nivel gástrico. Palabras clave: Capsaicina; Capsicum pubescens; Estrés oxidativo; extracto acuoso; Úlcera gástrica

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Formación y desarrollo profesional docente. El enseñante y su desarrollo profesional según los medios de comunicación en prospectiva 2030

Fil: Bazzanella, María Cecilia. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación; ArgentinaFil: Boccardo, Silvia del Carmén. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación; Argentina.Fil: Cangelosi, Daniel Horacio. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación; ArgentinaFil: Capdevila, Miriam Inés. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación; Argentina

Trayectos de investigación en trabajo social: hacia una cultura de investigación.

Los contenidos de Trayectos de investigación en Trabajo Social ponen a consideración del público diversas temáticas que, estructuradas como líneas de investigación, motivan la controversia y la construcción de conocimiento al interior del programa, en algunos casos como resultado de procesos de investigación formativa y del desarrollo de semilleros de investigación, y en otros como resultado de apuestas individuales que logran convencer e involucrar a otros miembros del equipo docente. Esto, en atención a la necesidad de resaltar y fortalecer una relación entre docencia e investigación que evite que el proceso formativo se convierte en rutinario y sin sentido, ante la dinámica de los problemas y contextos frente a los cuales se pretende reflexionar y generar conocimiento. En esa medida, es esencial mencionar que el interés de los investigadores del programa es que, además de apreciar el proceso vivido en cada caso, la comunidad académica pueda relacionar entre si las diferentes temáticas que, tal vez por ser presentadas en forma separa como líneas de investigación, puedan no ser visualizadas como parte integral del proceso complejo de configuración del actuar investigativo en el marco del programa de Trabajo Social

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 7

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, volumen 7, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, que cuenta con el esfuerzo de investigadores de varios países del mundo, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico que consoliden la transformación del conocimiento en diferentes escenarios, tanto organizacionales como universitarios, para el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas del quehacer diario. La gestión del conocimiento es un camino para consolidar una plataforma en las empresas públicas o privadas, entidades educativas, organizaciones no gubernamentales, ya sea generando políticas para todas las jerarquías o un modelo de gestión para la administración, donde es fundamental articular el conocimiento, los trabajadores, directivos, el espacio de trabajo, hacia la creación de ambientes propicios para el desarrollo integral de las instituciones