Motivación intrínseca y satisfacción estudiantil del primer ciclo de un Instituto de educación superior en salud de Lima Metropolitana – 2020

En la investigación titulada: “Motivación intrínseca y satisfacción estudiantil del primer ciclo de un Instituto de Educación superior en salud de Lima Metropolitana – 2020, el objetivo general de la investigación fue Determinar la relación que existe entre la motivación intrínseca y satisfacción estudiantil del primer ciclo de un Instituto de Educación superior en salud de Lima Metropolitana – 2020”. El tipo de investigación es básica, el nivel de investigación es descriptivo correlacional, el diseño de la investigación es no experimental transversal y el enfoque es cuantitativo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 60 estudiantes del primer ciclo de un Instituto de Educación superior en salud de Lima Metropolitana – 2020. La técnica que se utilizó es la encuesta y la evaluación, dichos instrumentos de recolección de datos fueron aplicados a los alumnos. Para la validez de los instrumentos se utilizó el juicio de expertos y para la confiabilidad de cada instrumento se utilizó el alfa de Cronbach que salió muy alta en ambas variables: 0,861 para la variable motivación intrínseca y 0,849 para la variable satisfacción estudiantil. Con referencia al objetivo general: Determinar la relación que existe entre las motivación intrínseca y satisfacción estudiantil del primer ciclo de un Instituto de Educación superior en salud de Lima Metropolitana – 2020”, se concluye que existe relación directa y significativa entre las motivación intrínseca y satisfacción estudiantil. Lo que se demuestra con el estadístico de Spearman (sig. bilateral = .000 < 0.01; Rho = . 609**), moderada

El clima laboral en el área de atención al cliente de la empresa Contac Service S.A.C. en el distrito de Ate - 2017

El trabajo de investigación cuyo título es “El clima laboral en el área de atención al cliente de la empresa Contac Service S.A.C. en el distrito de Ate”, desarrollado en el periodo correspondiente al año 2017, tuvo como objetivo central analizar las propiedades del clima laboral como eje principal y las principales dimensiones que lo componen: liderazgo, motivación y el entorno físico de la empresa. La metodología desarrollada corresponde a una investigación cuantitativa, el tipo de investigación es descriptiva ya que la investigación busca especificar las propiedades, las características de la variable de estudio y sus componentes, en la parte metodológica y fundamentada en la determinación del problema se definió un trabajo con un diseño no experimental. La población, al momento de iniciar el trabajo de tesis, era de 26 personas, por lo que se decidió que la muestra estuviera conformada por el total de trabajadores del área de atención al cliente de la empresa Contac Service S.A.C. Para la toma de información se elaboró un cuestionario de 12 preguntas. Las conclusiones de la investigación determinaron deficiencias en los procedimientos internos de la empresa que afectan directamente al personal, tales como la falta de capacitación de los teleoperadores, ausencia de un programa de recompensas, la selección inadecuada de los supervisores, así como la falta de implementación de las zonas comunes, deficiente iluminación, entre otros aspectos, que generan molestias y estrés laboral, por lo que se sugiere la implementación de directivas operacionales y de funcionamiento, la adquisición de equipos y programas de cómputo de mejor desempeño, así como también optimizar el entorno de trabajo.The research work whose title is "The work environment in the customer service area of the company Contac Service S.A.C. in the district of Ate”, developed in the period corresponding to the year 2017, had as its main objective to analyze the properties of the work environment as the main axis and the main dimensions that compose it: leadership, motivation and the physical environment of the company. The developed methodology corresponds to a quantitative investigation, the type of investigation is descriptive since the investigation seeks to specify the properties, the characteristics of the study variable and its components, in the methodological part and based on the determination of the problem a work was defined with a non-experimental design. The population, at the time of starting the thesis work, was 26 people, so it was decided that the sample would be made up of the total number of workers in the customer service area of the company Contac Service S.A.C. To collect information, a 12-question questionnaire was developed. The conclusions of the investigation determined deficiencies in the internal procedures of the company that directly affect the personnel, such as the lack of training of telemarketers, the absence of a reward program, the inadequate selection of supervisors, as well as the lack of implementation. of common areas, poor lighting, among other aspects, that generate discomfort and work stress, so it is suggested the implementation of operational and performance directives, the acquisition of equipment and computer programs of better performance, as well as optimizing the work environmen

Identification of Potential Visceral Pain Biomarkers in Colon Exudates from Mice with Experimental Colitis: An Exploratory In Vitro Study

Chronic visceral pain (CVP) is extremely difficult to diagnose, and available analgesic treatment options are quite limited. Identifying the proteins secreted from the colonic nociceptors, or their neighbor cells within the tube walls, in the context of disorders that course with visceral pain, might be useful to decipher the mechanism involved in the establishment of CVP. Addressing this question in human with gastrointestinal disorders entails multiple difficulties, as there is not a clear classification of disease severity, and colonic secretion is not easy to manage. We propose using of a murine model of colitis to identify new algesic molecules and pathways that could be explored as pain biomarkers or analgesia targets. Descending colons from naïve and colitis mice with visceral hyperalgesia were excised and maintained ex vivo. The proteins secreted in the perfusion fluid before and during acute noxious distension were evaluated using high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS). Haptoglobin (Hp), PZD and LIM domain protein 3 (Pdlim3), NADP-dependent malic enzyme (Me1), and Apolipoprotein A-I (Apoa1) were increased during visceral insult, whilst Triosephosphate isomerase (Tpi1), Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Gpi1), Alpha-enolase (Eno1), and Isoform 2 of Tropomyosin alpha-1 chain (Tpm1) were decreased. Most identified proteins have been described in the context of different chronic pain conditions and, according to gene ontology analysis, they are also involved in diverse biological processes of relevance. Thus, animal models that mimic human conditions in combination with unbiased omics approaches will ultimately help to identify new pathophysiological mechanisms underlying pain that might be useful in diagnosing and treating pain. Perspective: Our study utilizes an unbiased proteomic approach to determine, first, the clinical relevance of a murine model of colitis and, second, to identify novel molecules/pathways involved in nociception that would be potential biomarkers or targets for chronic visceral pain

Secretory Profile of Adipose-Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Cats with Calicivirus-Positive Severe Chronic Gingivostomatitis

The feline calicivirus (FCV) causes infections in cats all over the world and seems to be related to a broad variety of clinical presentations, such as feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS), a severe oral pathology in cats. Although its etiopathogeny is largely unknown, FCV infection is likely to be a main predisposing factor for developing this pathology. During recent years, new strategies for treating FCGS have been proposed, based on the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. The main mechanism of action of MSC seems to be paracrine, due to the secretion of many biomolecules with different biological functions (secretome). Currently, several pathologies in humans have been shown to be related to functional alterations of the patient’s MSCs. However, the possible roles that altered MSCs might have in different diseases, including virus-mediated diseases, remain unknown. We have recently demonstrated that the exosomes produced by the adipose-tissue-derived MSCs (fAd-MSCs) from cats suffering from FCV-positive severe and refractory FCGS showed altered protein contents. Based on these findings, the goal of this work was to analyze the proteomic profile of the secretome produced by feline adipose-tissue-derived MSCs (fAd-MSCs) from FCV-positive patients with FCGS, in order to identify differences between them and to increase our knowledge of the etiopathogenesis of this disease. We used high-resolution mass spectrometry and functional enrichment analysis with Gene Ontology to compare the secretomes produced by the fAd-MSCs of healthy and calicivirus-positive FCGS cats. We found that the fAd-MSCs from cats with FCGS had an increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an altered proteomic profile compared to the secretome produced by cells from healthy cats. (...)This research was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Red TerCel), grant number “RD16/0011/0022”; Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucía, grant number “UMA18-FEDERJA-133”; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, grant number “VI National R&D&I Plan 2008–2011”; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, grant number “PEJ2018-004785-A”. Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species

Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. We overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 36% and up to 57% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and we predict thatmost of the world’s >40,000 tropical tree species now qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if these areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution

Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests.

Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such "monodominant" forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple defining metric of at least half of the trees ≥ 10 cm diameter belonging to one species, we found only a few occurrences of monodominance in Amazonia, and the phenomenon was not significantly linked to previously hypothesized life history traits such wood density, seed mass, ectomycorrhizal associations, or Rhizobium nodulation. In our analysis, coppicing (the formation of sprouts at the base of the tree or on roots) was the only trait significantly linked to monodominance. While at specific locales coppicing or ectomycorrhizal associations may confer a considerable advantage to a tree species and lead to its monodominance, very few species have these traits. Mining of the ATDN dataset suggests that monodominance is quite rare in Amazonia, and may be linked primarily to edaphic factors