446 research outputs found
ROSIA: Rotation-Search-Based Star Identification Algorithm
This paper presents a rotation-search-based approach for addressing the star
identification (Star-ID) problem. The proposed algorithm, ROSIA, is a
heuristics-free algorithm that seeks the optimal rotation that maximally aligns
the input and catalog stars in their respective coordinates. ROSIA searches the
rotation space systematically with the Branch-and-Bound (BnB) method. Crucially
affecting the runtime feasibility of ROSIA is the upper bound function that
prioritizes the search space. In this paper, we make a theoretical contribution
by proposing a tight (provable) upper bound function that enables a 400x
speed-up compared to an existing formulation. Coupling the bounding function
with an efficient evaluation scheme that leverages stereographic projection and
the R-tree data structure, ROSIA achieves feasible operational speed on
embedded processors with state-of-the-art performances under different sources
of noise. The source code of ROSIA is available at
https://github.com/ckchng/ROSIA.Comment: 21 pages, 16 figures, Accepted to IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and
Electronic System
Exome sequences and multi-environment field trials elucidate the genetic basis of adaptation in barley
Broadening the genetic base of crops is crucial for developing varieties to respond to global agricultural challenges such as climate change. Here, we analysed a diverse panel of 371 domesticated lines of the model crop of barley to explore the genetics of crop adaptation. We first collected exome sequence data and phenotypes of key life history traits from contrasting multi-environment common garden trials. Then we applied refined statistical methods, including based on exomic haplotype states, for genotype-by-environment (G
7E) modelling. Sub-populations defined from exomic profiles were coincident with barley's biology, geography and history, and explained a high proportion of trial phenotypic variance. Clear G
7E interactions indicated adaptation profiles that varied for landraces and cultivars. Exploration of circadian clock-related genes, associated with the environmentally-adaptive days to heading trait (crucial for the crop's spread from the Fertile Crescent), illustrated complexities in G
7E effect directions, and the importance of latitudinally-based genic context in the expression of large effect alleles. Our analysis supports a gene-level scientific understanding of crop adaption and leads to practical opportunities for crop improvement, allowing the prioritisation of genomic regions and particular sets of lines for breeding efforts seeking to cope with climate change and other stresses
SHRECâ20 Track:Retrieval of digital surfaces with similar geometric reliefs
International audienceThis paper presents the methods that have participated in the SHREC'20 contest on retrieval of surface patches with similar geometric reliefs and 1 the analysis of their performance over the benchmark created for this challenge. The goal of the context is to verify the possibility of retrieving 3D models only based on the reliefs that are present on their surface and to compare methods that are suitable for this task. This problem is related to many real world applications, such as the classification of cultural heritage goods or the analysis of different materials. To address this challenge, it is necessary to characterize the local "geometric pattern" information, possibly forgetting model size and bending. Seven groups participated in this contest and twenty runs were submitted for evaluation. The performances of the methods reveal that good results are achieved with a number of techniques that use different approaches
Quantification of CH4 emissions from waste disposal sites near the city of Madrid using ground- and space-based observations of COCCON, TROPOMI and IASI
We use different methane ground- and space-based remote sensing data sets for investigating the emission strength of three waste disposal sites close to Madrid. We present a method that uses wind-assigned anomalies for deriving emission strengths from satellite data and estimating their uncertainty to 9â14â%. The emission strengths estimated from the remote sensing data sets are significantly larger than the values published in the official register.ESA support through the COCCON-PROCEEDS and COCCON-PROCEEDS II projects. In addition, this research was funded by the Ministerio de EconomĂa y Competitividad from Spain through the INMENSE project (CGL2016-80688-P). This research has largely benefit from funds of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (provided for the two projects MOTIV and TEDDY with IDs/290612604 and 416767181, respectively)
USP27X variants underlying X-linked intellectual disability disrupt protein function via distinct mechanisms
Neurodevelopmental disorders with intellectual disability (ND/ID) are a heterogeneous group of diseases driving lifelong deficits in cognition and behavior with no definitive cure. X-linked intellectual disability disorder 105 (XLID105, #300984; OMIM) is a ND/ID driven by hemizygous variants in the USP27X gene encoding a protein deubiquitylase with a role in cell proliferation and neural development. Currently, only four genetically diagnosed individuals from two unrelated families have been described with limited clinical data. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying the disorder are unknown. Here, we report 10 new XLID105 individuals from nine families and determine the impact of gene variants on USP27X protein function. Using a combination of clinical genetics, bioinformatics, biochemical, and cell biology approaches, we determined that XLID105 variants alter USP27X protein biology via distinct mechanisms including changes in developmentally relevant protein-protein interactions and deubiquitylating activity. Our data better define the phenotypic spectrum of XLID105 and suggest that XLID105 is driven by USP27X functional disruption. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of XLID105 variants will provide molecular insight into USP27X biology and may create the potential for therapy development.</p
The CCAT-Prime Submillimeter Observatory
The Cerro Chajnantor Atacama Telescope-prime (CCAT-prime) is a new 6-m,
off-axis, low-emissivity, large field-of-view submillimeter telescope scheduled
for first light in the last quarter of 2021. In summary, (a) CCAT-prime
uniquely combines a large field-of-view (up to 8-deg), low emissivity telescope
(< 2%) and excellent atmospheric transmission (5600-m site) to achieve
unprecedented survey capability in the submillimeter. (b) Over five years,
CCAT-prime first generation science will address the physics of star formation,
galaxy evolution, and galaxy cluster formation; probe the re-ionization of the
Universe; improve constraints on new particle species; and provide for improved
removal of dust foregrounds to aid the search for primordial gravitational
waves. (c) The Observatory is being built with non-federal funds (~ \$40M in
private and international investments). Public funding is needed for
instrumentation (~ \$8M) and operations (\$1-2M/yr). In return, the community
will be able to participate in survey planning and gain access to curated data
sets. (d) For second generation science, CCAT-prime will be uniquely positioned
to contribute high-frequency capabilities to the next generation of CMB surveys
in partnership with the CMB-S4 and/or the Simons Observatory projects or
revolutionize wide-field, sub-millimetter line intensity mapping surveys.Comment: Astro2020 APC White Pape
Measurement of the cross-section of high transverse momentum vector bosons reconstructed as single jets and studies of jet substructure in pp collisions at âs = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
This paper presents a measurement of the cross-section for high transverse momentum W and Z bosons produced in pp collisions and decaying to all-hadronic final states. The data used in the analysis were recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of âs = 7 TeV;{\rm Te}{\rm V}4.6\;{\rm f}{{{\rm b}}^{-1}}{{p}_{{\rm T}}}\gt 320\;{\rm Ge}{\rm V}|\eta |\lt 1.9{{\sigma }_{W+Z}}=8.5\pm 1.7$ pb and is compared to next-to-leading-order calculations. The selected events are further used to study jet grooming techniques
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