CARACTERIZAÇÃO E DESTINAÇÃO DOS RESÍDUOS DE CONSTRUÇÃO GERADOS DURANTE A CONSTRUÇÃO DE UM EDIFÍCIO COMERCIAL LOCALIZADO NA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO

The generation of solid wastes by civil construction consists an important problem to be solved . Thus, new management tools are being developed in order to mitigate the environmental impact caused by this economic sector . The Resolution no 307 of 5 July 2002 published by the National Environmental Council ( CONAMA ) ranked the construction wastes into different classes according to their characteristics and presents ways to dispose these according to their classification . The CONAMA no307/2002 also highlights that construction wastes can´t be dumped of in areas such as water bodies , vacant lots and areas protected by law. The disposal of this kind of waste is responsibility of the generator, who may provide ways for correctly disposal of the produced wastes according to their classification . This paper presents the characterization of the discarded wastes during construction of a commercial building, located in the city of São Paulo and the forms used for the proper disposal of these. Thus, this research aims to discuss the problem of generation and disposal of construction wastes presenting a study of a case. It was also noted that the type and volume of waste disposed during the period under study may be correlated with the executive phase of the workA geração de resíduos pela construção civilconsiste em um importante problema a ser sanado. Assim, novos modelos de gestãovêm sendo desenvolvidos no intuito de se mitigar o impacto ambiental destesetor. A resolução no 307 de 5 de julho de 2002 do Conselho Nacionaldo Meio Ambiente (CONAMA) classifica os resíduos de construção civil emdiferentes classes em função de suas características, além de apresentar  formas de destinação destes de acordo comsuas classificações. A resolução CONAMA no307/2002 destaca ainda queos resíduos de construção civil não poderão ser dispostos em aterros deresíduos domiciliares, em áreas de “bota fora”, encostas, corpos d’água, lotesvagos e em áreas protegidas por lei, sendo de responsabilidade do geradordestinar de maneira correta os resíduos produzidos de acordo com  sua tipologia, sendo as ações necessáriaspara tal previstas no Projeto de Gerenciamento de Resíduos da obra. Estetrabalho apresenta a caracterização dos resíduos descartados durante as obras deum edifício comercial localizado na cidade de São Paulo e as formas utilizadaspara a correta destinação destes. Assim esta pesquisa tem por intuito discutira problemática da geração e destinação dos resíduos de construção civilapresentando um estudo de caso. Também se observou que o tipo e volume dosresíduos descartados durante o período em estudo podem ser correlacionados coma fase executiva da obra

VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DA UTILIZAÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS DE DEMOLIÇÃO RECICLADOS NA EXECUÇÃO DO CONTRAPISO DE UM EDIFÍCIO LOCALIZADO NA ZONA LESTE DA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO

The civil construction industry is responsible for a considerable environmental impact, whether the demand for natural raw materials or the generation of waste from its activities. The Resolution 307 of 5 July 2002 of the National Environmental Council classified construction and demolition wastes into different classes according to their physical characteristics, and forms to submit its disposal. This resolution highlights that construction waste can´t be disposed of on domestic wastes in landfills, slopes, water bodies, and areas protected by law. Thus, it is the responsibility of the waste generator provide the correctly destination of the produced waste according to their classification. This research presents the economic feasibility of using recycled demolition waste in replacing natural material for the base implementation of the third basement subfloor a building in Sao Paulo. Through the conducted studies it was concluded that the use of recycled waste has led to a cost 64 % less than using natural material as possible to reduce the costs of acquisition and transportation of natural material.Aconstrução civil é responsável por um considerável impacto ambiental, quer sejapela demanda por matérias primas naturais ou pela geração de resíduos de suasatividades.  A resolução no307 de 5 de julho de 2002 do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente classifica osresíduos de construção civil em diferentes classes em função de suas características,além de apresentar  formas para suadestinação final.   Esta resoluçãodestaca que os resíduos de construção civil não poderão ser dispostos ematerros de resíduos domiciliares, em áreas de “bota fora”, encostas, corposd’água, lotes vagos e em áreas protegidas por lei. Dessa maneira, fica deresponsabilidade do gerador destinar de forma correta os resíduos produzidos deacordo com sua classificação. Esta pesquisa apresenta a viabilidade econômicade utilização de resíduos de demolição reciclados na substituição de materialnatural para a execução base do contrapiso do terceiro subsolo um edifíciolocalizado em São Paulo. Por meio dos estudos conduzidos pôde-se concluir que autilização dos resíduos reciclados conduziu a um custo 64% inferior à utilizaçãodo material natural, pois possibilitou a redução dos custos com aquisição dematerial natural e transporte.Economic viability of demolition recycled wastes used during the construction of the subfloor of a building located in the east side of the city of São Paul

Rapid antigen testing by community health workers for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Dhaka, Bangladesh : a cross-sectional study

Peer reviewe

The impact of surveillance and control on highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in poultry in Dhaka division, Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, the poultry industry is an economically and socially important sector, but it is persistently threatened by the effects of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza. Thus, identifying the optimal control policy in response to an emerging disease outbreak is a key challenge for policy-makers. To inform this aim, a common approach is to carry out simulation studies comparing plausible strategies, while accounting for known capacity restrictions. In this study we perform simulations of a previously developed H5N1 influenza transmission model framework, fitted to two separate historical outbreaks, to assess specific control objectives related to the burden or duration of H5N1 outbreaks among poultry farms in the Dhaka division of Bangladesh. In particular, we explore the optimal implementation of ring culling, ring vaccination and active surveillance measures when presuming disease transmission predominately occurs from premises-to-premises, versus a setting requiring the inclusion of external factors. Additionally, we determine the sensitivity of the management actions under consideration to differing levels of capacity constraints and outbreaks with disparate transmission dynamics. While we find that reactive culling and vaccination policies should pay close attention to these factors to ensure intervention targeting is optimised, across multiple settings the top performing control action amongst those under consideration were targeted proactive surveillance schemes. Our findings may advise the type of control measure, plus its intensity, that could potentially be applied in the event of a developing outbreak of H5N1 amongst originally H5N1 virus-free commercially-reared poultry in the Dhaka division of Bangladesh

Designing programs for eliminating canine rabies from islands: Bali, Indonesia as a case study

<p>Background: Canine rabies is one of the most important and feared zoonotic diseases in the world. In some regions rabies elimination is being successfully coordinated, whereas in others rabies is endemic and continues to spread to uninfected areas. As epidemics emerge, both accepted and contentious control methods are used, as questions remain over the most effective strategy to eliminate rabies. The Indonesian island of Bali was rabies-free until 2008 when an epidemic in domestic dogs began, resulting in the deaths of over 100 people. Here we analyze data from the epidemic and compare the effectiveness of control methods at eliminating rabies.</p> <p>Methodology/Principal Findings: Using data from Bali, we estimated the basic reproductive number, R0, of rabies in dogs, to be ~1·2, almost identical to that obtained in ten–fold less dense dog populations and suggesting rabies will not be effectively controlled by reducing dog density. We then developed a model to compare options for mass dog vaccination. Comprehensive high coverage was the single most important factor for achieving elimination, with omission of even small areas (<0.5% of the dog population) jeopardizing success. Parameterizing the model with data from the 2010 and 2011 vaccination campaigns, we show that a comprehensive high coverage campaign in 2012 would likely result in elimination, saving ~550 human lives and ~$15 million in prophylaxis costs over the next ten years.</p> <p>Conclusions/Significance: The elimination of rabies from Bali will not be achieved through achievable reductions in dog density. To ensure elimination, concerted high coverage, repeated, mass dog vaccination campaigns are necessary and the cooperation of all regions of the island is critical. Momentum is building towards development of a strategy for the global elimination of canine rabies, and this study offers valuable new insights about the dynamics and control of this disease, with immediate practical relevance.</p&gt

Assessment of F/HN-Pseudotyped Lentivirus as a Clinically Relevant Vector for Lung Gene Therapy

RATIONALE: Ongoing efforts to improve pulmonary gene transfer thereby enabling gene therapy for the treatment of lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis (CF), has led to the assessment of a lentiviral vector (simian immunodeficiency virus [SIV]) pseudotyped with the Sendai virus envelope proteins F and HN. OBJECTIVES: To place this vector onto a translational pathway to the clinic by addressing some key milestones that have to be achieved. METHODS: F/HN-SIV transduction efficiency, duration of expression, and toxicity were assessed in mice. In addition, F/HN-SIV was assessed in differentiated human air-liquid interface cultures, primary human nasal epithelial cells, and human and sheep lung slices. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A single dose produces lung expression for the lifetime of the mouse (~2 yr). Only brief contact time is needed to achieve transduction. Repeated daily administration leads to a dose-related increase in gene expression. Repeated monthly administration to mouse lower airways is feasible without loss of gene expression. There is no evidence of chronic toxicity during a 2-year study period. F/HN-SIV leads to persistent gene expression in human differentiated airway cultures and human lung slices and transduces freshly obtained primary human airway epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: The data support F/HN-pseudotyped SIV as a promising vector for pulmonary gene therapy for several diseases including CF. We are now undertaking the necessary refinements to progress this vector into clinical trials

Viral to metazoan marine plankton nucleotide sequences from the Tara Oceans expedition

A unique collection of oceanic samples was gathered by the Tara Oceans expeditions (2009–2013), targeting plankton organisms ranging from viruses to metazoans, and providing rich environmental context measurements. Thanks to recent advances in the field of genomics, extensive sequencing has been performed for a deep genomic analysis of this huge collection of samples. A strategy based on different approaches, such as metabarcoding, metagenomics, single-cell genomics and metatranscriptomics, has been chosen for analysis of size-fractionated plankton communities. Here, we provide detailed procedures applied for genomic data generation, from nucleic acids extraction to sequence production, and we describe registries of genomics datasets available at the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA, www.ebi.ac.uk/ena). The association of these metadata to the experimental procedures applied for their generation will help the scientific community to access these data and facilitate their analysis. This paper complements other efforts to provide a full description of experiments and open science resources generated from the Tara Oceans project, further extending their value for the study of the world’s planktonic ecosystems

A malignant hyperthermia–inducing mutation in RYR1 (R163C): alterations in Ca2+ entry, release, and retrograde signaling to the DHPR

Bidirectional signaling between the sarcolemmal L-type Ca2+ channel (1,4-dihydropyridine receptor [DHPR]) and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release channel (type 1 ryanodine receptor [RYR1]) of skeletal muscle is essential for excitation–contraction coupling (ECC) and is a well-understood prototype of conformational coupling. Mutations in either channel alter coupling fidelity and with an added pharmacologic stimulus or stress can trigger malignant hyperthermia (MH). In this study, we measured the response of wild-type (WT), heterozygous (Het), or homozygous (Hom) RYR1-R163C knock-in mouse myotubes to maintained K+ depolarization. The new findings are: (a) For all three genotypes, Ca2+ transients decay during prolonged depolarization, and this decay is not a consequence of SR depletion or RYR1 inactivation. (b) The R163C mutation retards the decay rate with a rank order WT > Het > Hom. (c) The removal of external Ca2+ or the addition of Ca2+ entry blockers (nifedipine, SKF96365, and Ni2+) enhanced the rate of decay in all genotypes. (d) When Ca2+ entry is blocked, the decay rates are slower for Hom and Het than WT, indicating that the rate of inactivation of ECC is affected by the R163C mutation and is genotype dependent (WT > Het > Hom). (e) Reduced ECC inactivation in Het and Hom myotubes was shown directly using two identical K+ depolarizations separated by varying time intervals. These data suggest that conformational changes induced by the R163C MH mutation alter the retrograde signal that is sent from RYR1 to the DHPR, delaying the inactivation of the DHPR voltage sensor

Viral to metazoan marine plankton nucleotide sequences from the Tara Oceans expedition

A unique collection of oceanic samples was gathered by the Tara Oceans expeditions (2009-2013), targeting plankton organisms ranging from viruses to metazoans, and providing rich environmental context measurements. Thanks to recent advances in the field of genomics, extensive sequencing has been performed for a deep genomic analysis of this huge collection of samples. A strategy based on different approaches, such as metabarcoding, metagenomics, single-cell genomics and metatranscriptomics, has been chosen for analysis of size-fractionated plankton communities. Here, we provide detailed procedures applied for genomic data generation, from nucleic acids extraction to sequence production, and we describe registries of genomics datasets available at the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA, www.ebi.ac.uk/ena). The association of these metadata to the experimental procedures applied for their generation will help the scientific community to access these data and facilitate their analysis. This paper complements other efforts to provide a full description of experiments and open science resources generated from the Tara Oceans project, further extending their value for the study of the world's planktonic ecosystems

Community-Level Responses to Iron Availability in Open Ocean Plankton Ecosystems

Predicting responses of plankton to variations in essential nutrients is hampered by limited in situ measurements, a poor understanding of community composition, and the lack of reference gene catalogs for key taxa. Iron is a key driver of plankton dynamics and, therefore, of global biogeochemical cycles and climate. To assess the impact of iron availability on plankton communities, we explored the comprehensive bio-oceanographic and bio-omics data sets from Tara Oceans in the context of the iron products from two state-of-the-art global scale biogeochemical models. We obtained novel information about adaptation and acclimation toward iron in a range of phytoplankton, including picocyanobacteria and diatoms, and identified whole subcommunities covarying with iron. Many of the observed global patterns were recapitulated in the Marquesas archipelago, where frequent plankton blooms are believed to be caused by natural iron fertilization, although they are not captured in large-scale biogeochemical models. This work provides a proof of concept that integrative analyses, spanning from genes to ecosystems and viruses to zooplankton, can disentangle the complexity of plankton communities and can lead to more accurate formulations of resource bioavailability in biogeochemical models, thus improving our understanding of plankton resilience in a changing environment