4,277 research outputs found
Ad hoc Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Risk Assessment of Food Allergens Part 1: Review and validation of Codex priority allergen list through risk assessment
The objectives of the meeting is to see whether the published criteria (FAO/WHO, 2000) for assessing additions and exclusions to the list is still current and appropriate. The Expert Committee determined that only foods or ingredients that cause immune-mediated hypersensitivities such as IgE-mediated food allergies and coeliac disease should be included on the list of foods and ingredients included in section 4.2.1.4 of the GSLPF. Thus, it was recommended that foods or ingredients such as lactose, sulphite, and food additives which cause food intolerances rather than immune-mediated responses, should be excluded from this list. The Committee identified prevalence of the immune-mediated hypersensitivity to a specific food, severity (i.e. proportion of severe objective reactions to a food/ingredient such as anaphylaxis), and the potency of food/ingredient (i.e. the amount of the food/ingredient required to cause objective symptoms) as the three key criteria that should be used to establish the priority allergen list. Subgroups of the Expert Committee were established to review the literature on the prevalence, severity and potency of immune-mediated hypersensitivity of each food currently on the GSLPF list (cereals containing gluten and products of these; crustacea and products of these; eggs and egg products; fish and fish products; peanuts, soybeans and products of these; milk and milk products; tree nuts and nut products; ), as well as other foods found on priority allergen lists established in individual countries or regions (e.g. mollusks, mustard, celery, sesame, buckwheat, lupin, and others).Los objetivos de la reuniĂłn son ver si los criterios publicados (FAO / OMS, 2000) para evaluar las adiciones y exclusiones a la lista siguen vigentes y son apropiados. El ComitĂŠ de Expertos determinĂł que solo los alimentos o ingredientes que causan hipersensibilidades inmunomediadas, como las alergias alimentarias mediadas por IgE y la enfermedad celĂaca, deben incluirse en la lista de alimentos e ingredientes incluidos en la secciĂłn 4.2.1.4 de la GSLPF. Por lo tanto, se recomendĂł que se excluyeran de esta lista alimentos o ingredientes como lactosa, sulfito y aditivos alimentarios que causan intolerancias alimentarias en lugar de respuestas inmunomediadas. El ComitĂŠ identificĂł la prevalencia de la hipersensibilidad inmunomediada a un alimento especĂfico, la gravedad (es decir, la proporciĂłn de reacciones objetivas graves a un alimento / ingrediente como la anafilaxia) y la potencia del alimento / ingrediente (es decir, la cantidad de alimento / ingrediente requerida causar sĂntomas objetivos) como los tres criterios clave que deben utilizarse para establecer la lista de alĂŠrgenos prioritarios. Se establecieron subgrupos del ComitĂŠ de Expertos para revisar la literatura sobre la prevalencia, severidad y potencia de la hipersensibilidad inmunomediada de cada alimento actualmente en la lista GSLPF (cereales que contienen gluten y productos de estos; crustĂĄceos y productos de estos; huevos y productos de huevo ; pescado y productos de pescado; cacahuetes, soja y productos de estos; leche y productos lĂĄcteos; frutos secos y productos de frutos secos;), asĂ como otros alimentos que se encuentran en las listas de alĂŠrgenos prioritarios establecidas en paĂses o regiones individuales (por ejemplo, moluscos, mostaza, apio , sĂŠsamo, alforfĂłn, altramuz y otros).Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn de TecnologĂa de AlimentosFil: Baumert, Joseph. Universidad de Nebraska-Lincoln. Departamento de Ciencia y TecnologĂa de Alimentos; Estados UnidosFil: Brooke-Taylor, Simon. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Chen, Hongbing. Nanchang Universidad. Instituto Conjunto de InvestigaciĂłn Chino-AlemĂĄn; China.Fil: Crevel, RenĂŠ W.R. RenĂŠ Crevel Consulting Limited; Reino Unido.Fil: Geert Houben. OrganizaciĂłn para la InvestigaciĂłn CientĂfica Aplicada TNO; PaĂses Bajos.Fil: Jackson, Lauren. DivisiĂłn de Ciencia y TecnologĂa del Procesamiento de Alimentos. IngenierĂa de Procesos de la AdministraciĂłn de Alimentos y Medicamentos de los EE. UU. (FDA); Estados Unidos de AmĂŠrica.Fil: Kyriakidis, Symeon. Laboratorio Estatal de QuĂmica General (GCSL). Autoridad Independiente de Ingresos PĂşblicos (IAPR); Grecia.Fil: La Vieille, SĂŠbastien. Universidad Laval. Departamento de Ciencias de los Alimentos; CanadĂĄ.Fil: Lee, N Alice. Universidad de Nueva Gales del Sur . Escuela de QuĂmica e IngenierĂa. Ciencia e ingenierĂa de los alimentos; Australia.Fil: LĂłpez, MarĂa Cristina. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. IngenierĂa de Alimentos; Argentina.Fil: Luccioli, Stefano. AdministraciĂłn de Alimentos y Medicamentos de los Estados Unidos. Centro de Seguridad Alimentaria y NutriciĂłn Aplicada; Estados UnidosFil: OâMahony, Patrick. Universidad College Dublin; Irlanda.Fil: OâMahony, Patrick. Autoridad de Seguridad Alimentaria de Irlanda; Irlanda.Fil: Polenta, Gustavo Alberto. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn TecnologĂa de Alimentos; Argentina.Fil: Polenta, Gustavo Alberto. Instituto de Ciencia y TecnologĂa de los Sistemas Alimentarios Sustentables (ICyTeSAS) UEDD INTA-CONICET; Argentina.Fil: PĂśpping, Bert. Food Consulting Strategically (FOCO); Alemania.Fil: PĂśpping, Bert. ComitĂŠs de NormalizaciĂłn ISO - CEN. Grupo de trabajo CEN AlĂŠrgenos Alimentarios (CEN TC 275 WG 12).); Alemania.Fil: Remington, Benjamin C. Remington Consulting Group B.V.; Holanda.Fil: Remington, Benjamin C. Universidad de NebraskaâLincoln. Programa de Recursos e InvestigaciĂłn de Alergias Alimentarias. Estados UnidosFil: SĂśdergren, Eva. ThermoFisher Scientific; Suecia.Fil: Srikulnath, Sirinrat. Universidad de Kasetsart (UKaset). Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn y Desarrollo de Productos Alimentarios. Centro de Servicio de Aseguramiento de la Calidad de los Alimentos. Unidad de AlĂŠrgenos Alimentarios; Tailandia.Fil: Taylor, Stephen L. Universidad de Nebraska-Lincoln. Departamento de Ciencia y TecnologĂa de Alimentos; Estados UnidosFil: Turner, Paul J. Universidad de SĂdney; Australia.Fil: Turner, Paul J. Colegio Imperial de Ciencia, TecnologĂa y Medicina. Alergia e InmunologĂa PediĂĄtricas; Inglaterra
Risk Assessment of Food Allergens. Part 1: Review and Validation of Codex Alimetarius Priority Allergen list Through Risk Assessment
The labelling of food allergens in pre-packaged foods plays a key role in protecting food allergic individuals, as no preventative clinical treatment is currently available. The list of major foods and ingredients known to cause hypersensitivity was included into the Codex General Standard for the Labelling of Packaged Foods (GSLPF) in 1999. There have been many scientific developments in the understanding of food allergens and their management since the original drafting of the GSLPF. Thus, in response to the request from Codex for scientific advice, including current evidence of consumer understanding of allergens, FAO and WHO convened a series
of three expert meetings to provide scientific advice on this subject. The purpose of the first meeting of the Ad hoc Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Risk Assessment of Food Allergens was to review and validate the Codex priority allergen list through risk assessment. This report focuses on the deliberations and conclusions of this meeting.
Resumen:
El etiquetado de los alĂŠrgenos alimentarios en los alimentos preenvasados ââjuega un papel clave en la protecciĂłn personas alĂŠrgicas a los alimentos, ya que actualmente no se dispone de un tratamiento clĂnico preventivo. Se incluyĂł la lista de los principales alimentos e ingredientes que causan hipersensibilidad en la Norma General del Codex para el Etiquetado de Alimentos Envasados ââ(GSLPF)
en 1999. Ha habido muchos avances cientĂficos en la comprensiĂłn de alĂŠrgenos alimentarios y su gestiĂłn desde la redacciĂłn original de la GSLPF. Por lo tanto, en respuesta a la solicitud del Codex de asesoramiento cientĂfico, incluida la actual evidencia de la comprensiĂłn del consumidor de los alĂŠrgenos, la FAO y la OMS convocaron una serie de tres reuniones de expertos para proporcionar asesoramiento cientĂfico sobre este tema. El propĂłsito de la primera reuniĂłn de la Consulta Conjunta Especial de Expertos FAO/OMS
sobre evaluaciĂłn de riesgos de los alĂŠrgenos alimentarios fue revisar y validar la prioridad del Codex lista de alĂŠrgenos a travĂŠs de la evaluaciĂłn de riesgos. Este informe se centra en las deliberaciones y conclusiones de esta reuniĂłn.Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn de TecnologĂa de Alimentos (ITA)Fil: Baumert, Joseph. Universidad de Nebraska-Lincoln. Departamento de Ciencia y TecnologĂa de Alimentos; Estados UnidosFil: Brooke-Taylor, Simon. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Che, Huilian. Universidad de Agricultura de China. Facultad de Ciencias de la AlimentaciĂłn e IngenierĂa Nutricional; China.Fil: Chen, Hongbing. Nanchang Universidad. Instituto Conjunto de InvestigaciĂłn Chino-AlemĂĄn; China.Fil: Crevel, RenĂŠ W.R. RenĂŠ Crevel Consulting Limited; Reino Unido.Fil: Houben, Geert F. Alergia alimentaria e inmunotoxicologĂa. CientĂfico principal de TNO; PaĂses Bajos.Fil: Jackson, Lauren. AdministraciĂłn de Alimentos y Medicamentos. DivisiĂłn de Ciencia y TecnologĂa del Procesamiento de Alimentos. IngenierĂa de Procesos; Estados UnidosFil: Kyriakidis, Symeon. Autoridad Independiente de Ingresos PĂşblicos. Laboratorio Estatal de QuĂmica General; Grecia.Fil: La Vieille, SĂŠbastien. Salud CanadĂĄ. DirecciĂłn de Alimentos; CanadĂĄ.Fil: Lee, N Alice. Universidad de Nueva Gales del Sur. Escuela de QuĂmica e IngenierĂa. Ciencia e ingenierĂa de los alimentos; Australia.Fil: LĂłpez, MarĂa Cristina. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. IngenierĂa de Alimentos; Argentina.Fil: Luccioli, Stefano. AdministraciĂłn de Alimentos y Medicamentos. Centro de Seguridad Alimentaria y NutriciĂłn Aplicada; Estados UnidosFil: OâMahony, Patrick. Autoridad de Seguridad Alimentaria de Irlanda . Ciencia y TecnologĂa de los Alimentos; Irlanda.Fil: Polenta, Gustavo Alberto. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn TecnologĂa de Alimentos; Argentina.Fil: PĂśpping, Bert. Food Consulting Strategically (FOCO); Alemania.Fil: Remington, Benjamin C. Grupo BV. ConsultorĂa Remington; Holanda.Fil: SĂśdergren, Eva. Agencia Sueca de Alimentos. Equipo de Encuestas DietĂŠticas y Departamento de NutriciĂłn para Beneficio de Riesgo EvaluaciĂłn; Suecia.Fil: Srikulnath, Sirinrat. Universidad de Kasetsart (UKaset). Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn y Desarrollo de Productos Alimentarios. Centro de Servicio de Aseguramiento de la Calidad de los Alimentos. Unidad de AlĂŠrgenos Alimentarios; Tailandia.Fil: Taylor, Stephen L. Universidad de Nebraska-Lincoln. Departamento de Ciencia y TecnologĂa de Alimentos; Estados UnidosFil: Turner, Paul J. Colegio Imperial de Ciencia, TecnologĂa y Medicina. Alergia e InmunologĂa PediĂĄtricas; Inglaterra
Ad hoc Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Risk Assessment of Food Allergens Part 2: Review and establish threshold levels in foods of the priority allergens
The main purpose of this second meeting was to establish threshold levels in foods of the priority allergens. Based on the defined approach, the Expert Committee discussed and agreed on the safety objective, which could be described as âto minimise, to a point where further refinement does not meaningfully reduce health impact, the probability of any clinically relevant objective allergic response, as defined by dose distribution modelling of minimum eliciting doses (MEDs) and supported by data regarding severity of symptoms in the likely range of envisioned Reference Doses (RfD)â. The Committee further identified several important considerations to guide decision-making. These included a clear definition of criteria to be met by quantitative data on which reference doses (RfD) are based, supporting data on health manifestations (severity) at the proposed RfD, quality, quantity, availability and accessibility of data (for priority allergens), as well as how to deal with priority allergens for which information supporting one or more of those considerations was lacking.El objetivo principal de esta segunda reuniĂłn fue establecer niveles umbral en los alimentos de los alĂŠrgenos prioritarios. Sobre la base del enfoque definido, el ComitĂŠ de Expertos discutiĂł y acordĂł el objetivo de seguridad, que podrĂa describirse como âminimizar, hasta un punto en el que un mayor refinamiento no reduzca significativamente el impacto en la salud, la probabilidad de cualquier respuesta alĂŠrgica objetiva clĂnicamente relevante, como definido por el modelo de distribuciĂłn de dosis de dosis mĂnimas provocadoras (MED) y respaldado por datos sobre la gravedad de los sĂntomas en el rango probable de dosis de referencia previstas (RfD) â. El ComitĂŠ identificĂł ademĂĄs varias consideraciones importantes para orientar la toma de decisiones. Estos incluyeron una definiciĂłn clara de los criterios que deben cumplir los datos cuantitativos en los que se basan las dosis de referencia (RfD), datos de apoyo sobre manifestaciones de salud (gravedad) en la RfD propuesta, calidad, cantidad, disponibilidad y accesibilidad de los datos (para alĂŠrgenos prioritarios). , asĂ como cĂłmo tratar los alĂŠrgenos prioritarios para los que faltaba informaciĂłn que respaldara una o mĂĄs de esas consideraciones.Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn de TecnologĂa de AlimentosFil: Baumert, Joseph. Universidad de Nebraska-Lincoln. Departamento de Ciencia y TecnologĂa de Alimentos; Estados UnidosFil: Brooke-Taylor, Simon. Brooke-Taylor & Co. Consultor australiano de regulaciĂłn alimentaria y anĂĄlisis de riesgos (Pty Ltd); Australia.Fil: Crevel, RenĂŠ W.R. RenĂŠ Crevel Consulting Limited; Reino Unido.Fil: Houben, Geert F. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Jackson, Lauren. AdministraciĂłn de Alimentos y Medicamentos de los Estados Unidos. DivisiĂłn de Ciencia y TecnologĂa del Procesamiento de Alimentos. IngenierĂa de Procesos; Estados UnidosFil: Kyriakidis, Symeon. Laboratorio Estatal de QuĂmica General (GCSL).Autoridad Independiente de Ingresos PĂşblicos (IAPR); Grecia.Fil: La Vieille, SĂŠbastien. Universidad Laval. Departamento de Ciencias de los Alimentos; CanadĂĄ.Fil: Lee, N Alice. Universidad de Nueva Gales del Sur. Escuela de QuĂmica e IngenierĂa. Ciencia e ingenierĂa de los alimentos; Australia.Fil: LĂłpez, MarĂa Cristina. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. IngenierĂa de Alimentos; Argentina.Fil: Luccioli, Stefano. AdministraciĂłn de Alimentos y Medicamentos de los Estados Unidos. Centro de Seguridad Alimentaria y NutriciĂłn Aplicada; Estados UnidosFil: OâMahony, Patrick. Autoridad de Seguridad Alimentaria de Irlanda; Irlanda.Fil: OâMahony, Patrick. Universidad College Dublin; Irlanda.Fil: Polenta, Gustavo Alberto. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn TecnologĂa de Alimentos; Argentina.Fil: Polenta, Gustavo Alberto. Instituto de Ciencia y TecnologĂa de los Sistemas Alimentarios Sustentables (ICyTeSAS) UEDD INTA-CONICET; Argentina.Fil: PĂśpping, Bert. Food Consulting Strategically (FOCO); Alemania.Fil: PĂśpping, Bert. ComitĂŠs de NormalizaciĂłn ISO - CEN. Grupo de trabajo CEN AlĂŠrgenos Alimentarios (CEN TC 275 WG 12).); Alemania.Fil: Remington, Benjamin C. Remington Consulting Group B.V.; Holanda.Fil: Remington, Benjamin C. Universidad de NebraskaâLincoln. Programa de Recursos e InvestigaciĂłn de Alergias Alimentarias. Estados UnidosFil: Srikulnath, Sirinrat. Universidad de Kasetsart (UKaset). Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn y Desarrollo de Productos Alimentarios. Centro de Servicio de Aseguramiento de la Calidad de los Alimentos. Unidad de AlĂŠrgenos Alimentarios; Tailandia.Fil: Taylor, Stephen L. Universidad de Nebraska-Lincoln. Departamento de Ciencia y TecnologĂa de Alimentos; Estados UnidosFil: Turner, Paul J. Colegio Imperial de Ciencia, TecnologĂa y Medicina. Alergia e InmunologĂa PediĂĄtricas; Inglaterra
Sleep and its association with aggression among prisoners: Quantity or quality?
Objective: The current paper aims to examine the association between self-reported sleep quality and quantity and how these relate to aggression motivation and hostile cognition in a male prisoner sample. The cognitive component of sleep, namely perception, is consequently a variable of particular interest and one neglected by previous research.
Methods: Two independent studies are presented. The first comprised 95 adult male prisoners who completed a sleep quality index along with measures of implicit and explicit aggression. The second study extended this to consider aggression motivation and hostile attribution biases using a sample of 141 young male adult prisoners.
Results: In study one, sleep quantity and indicators of sleep quality were found not to associate with aggression whereas the perception of poor sleep did; those perceiving poor sleep quality were more likely than those perceiving good sleep to report they had perpetrated aggression in the previous week and to report higher levels of implicit aggression. Study two found that while increased indicators of poor sleep quality were associated with lower prosocial attribution tendencies and higher levels of reactive and proactive aggression, sleep quantity was not associated. The perception of poor quality sleep was important; those perceiving poor sleep were more likely to report higher levels of reactive and proactive aggression than those reporting good sleep.
Conclusions: Collectively the studies highlight the importance of accounting for the perception of sleep quality as an important cognitive component in understanding the association between sleep and aggression
Peanut Can Be Used as a Reference Allergen for Hazard Characterization in Food Allergen Risk Management: A Rapid Evidence Assessment and Meta-Analysis
Regional and national legislation mandates the disclosure of âpriorityâ allergens when present as an ingredient in foods, but this does not extend to the unintended presence of allergens due to shared production facilities. This has resulted in a proliferation of precautionary allergen (âmay containâ) labels (PAL) that are frequently ignored by food-allergic consumers. Attempts have been made to improve allergen risk management to better inform the use of PAL, but a lack of consensus has led to variety of regulatory approaches and nonuniformity in the use of PAL by food businesses. One potential solution would be to establish internationally agreed âreference doses,â below which no PAL would be needed. However, if reference doses are to be used to inform the need for PAL, then it is essential to characterize the hazard associated with these low-level exposures. For peanut, there are now published data relating to over 3000 double-blind, placebo-controlled challenges in allergic individuals, but a similar level of evidence is lacking for other priority allergens. We present the results of a rapid evidence assessment and meta-analysis for the risk of anaphylaxis to a low-level allergen exposure for priority allergens. On the basis of this analysis, we propose that peanut can and should be considered an exemplar allergen for the hazard characterization at a low-level allergen exposure.
Resumen:
La legislaciĂłn regional y nacional exige la divulgaciĂłn de alĂŠrgenos "prioritarios" cuando estĂĄn presentes como ingrediente en los alimentos, pero esto no se extiende a la presencia involuntaria de alĂŠrgenos debido a instalaciones de producciĂłn compartidas. Esto ha dado lugar a una proliferaciĂłn de etiquetas de precauciĂłn para alĂŠrgenos ("pueden contener") (PAL) que los consumidores alĂŠrgicos a los alimentos suelen ignorar. Se han hecho intentos para mejorar la gestiĂłn del riesgo de alĂŠrgenos para informar mejor el uso de PAL, pero la falta de consenso ha llevado a una variedad de enfoques regulatorios y a la falta de uniformidad en el uso de PAL por parte de las empresas alimentarias. Una posible soluciĂłn serĂa establecer âdosis de referenciaâ acordadas internacionalmente, por debajo de las cuales no se necesitarĂa PAL. Sin embargo, si se van a utilizar dosis de referencia para informar la necesidad de PAL, entonces es esencial caracterizar el peligro asociado con estas exposiciones de bajo nivel. Para el manĂ, ahora hay datos publicados relacionados con mĂĄs de 3000 desafĂos doble ciego controlados por placebo en individuos alĂŠrgicos, pero falta un nivel similar de evidencia para otros alĂŠrgenos prioritarios. Presentamos los resultados de una evaluaciĂłn rĂĄpida de la evidencia y un metanĂĄlisis del riesgo deanafilaxia a una exposiciĂłn a alĂŠrgenos de bajo nivel para alĂŠrgenos prioritarios. Sobre la base de este anĂĄlisis, proponemos que el cacahuete puede y debe considerarse un alĂŠrgeno ejemplar para la caracterizaciĂłn del peligro en una exposiciĂłn a un alĂŠrgeno de bajo nivel.Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn de TecnologĂa de AlimentosFil: Turner, Paul J. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Patel, Nandinee. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Ballmer-Weber, Barbara K. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Ballmer-Weber, Barbara K. ClĂnica de DermatologĂa y AlergologĂa. Kantonsspital; Suiza.Fil: Baumert, Joe L. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Blom, W. Marty. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Brooke-Taylor, Simon. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Brough, Helen. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Brough, Helen. King's College London. Departamento de Alergia PediĂĄtrica; Reino Unido.Fil: Campbell, Dianne E. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Campbell, Dianne E. TecnologĂas DBV. Montrouge; Francia.Fil: Chen, Hongbing. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Chinthrajah, R. Sharon. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Crevel, RenĂŠ W.R. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Dubois, Anthony E.J. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Ebisawa, Motohiro. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Elizur, Arnon. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Elizur, Arnon. Universidad de Tel Aviv. Facultad de Medicina Sackler. Departamento de PediatrĂa; Israel.Fil: Gerdts, Jennifer D. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Gowland, M. Hazel. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Houben, Geert F. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Hourihane, Jonathan O.B. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Knulst, AndrĂŠ C. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: La Vieille, SĂŠbastien. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: LĂłpez, MarĂa Cristina. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Mills, E.N. Clare. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Polenta, Gustavo Alberto. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn TecnologĂa de Alimentos; Argentina.Fil: Polenta, Gustavo Alberto. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Purington, Natasha. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Said, MarĂa. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Sampson, Hugh A. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Sampson, Hugh A. Escuela de Medicina Icahn. DivisiĂłn de Alergia e InmunologĂa PediĂĄtricasen. Nueva York. Estados Unidos de AmĂŠrica.Fil: Schnadt, Sabine. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: SĂśdergren, Eva. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: SĂśdergren, Eva. ThermoFisher Scientific; Suecia.Fil: Taylor, Stephen L. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Remington, Benjamin C. Imperial College London. Instituto Nacional del CorazĂłn y los Pulmones; Reino Unido.Fil: Remington, Benjamin C. Grupo BV. ConsultorĂa Remington; Holanda
Performance of the CMS Cathode Strip Chambers with Cosmic Rays
The Cathode Strip Chambers (CSCs) constitute the primary muon tracking device
in the CMS endcaps. Their performance has been evaluated using data taken
during a cosmic ray run in fall 2008. Measured noise levels are low, with the
number of noisy channels well below 1%. Coordinate resolution was measured for
all types of chambers, and fall in the range 47 microns to 243 microns. The
efficiencies for local charged track triggers, for hit and for segments
reconstruction were measured, and are above 99%. The timing resolution per
layer is approximately 5 ns
Performance of CMS muon reconstruction in pp collision events at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
The performance of muon reconstruction, identification, and triggering in CMS
has been studied using 40 inverse picobarns of data collected in pp collisions
at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV at the LHC in 2010. A few benchmark sets of selection
criteria covering a wide range of physics analysis needs have been examined.
For all considered selections, the efficiency to reconstruct and identify a
muon with a transverse momentum pT larger than a few GeV is above 95% over the
whole region of pseudorapidity covered by the CMS muon system, abs(eta) < 2.4,
while the probability to misidentify a hadron as a muon is well below 1%. The
efficiency to trigger on single muons with pT above a few GeV is higher than
90% over the full eta range, and typically substantially better. The overall
momentum scale is measured to a precision of 0.2% with muons from Z decays. The
transverse momentum resolution varies from 1% to 6% depending on pseudorapidity
for muons with pT below 100 GeV and, using cosmic rays, it is shown to be
better than 10% in the central region up to pT = 1 TeV. Observed distributions
of all quantities are well reproduced by the Monte Carlo simulation.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Performance of CMS muon reconstruction in pp collision events at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
The performance of muon reconstruction, identification, and triggering in CMS
has been studied using 40 inverse picobarns of data collected in pp collisions
at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV at the LHC in 2010. A few benchmark sets of selection
criteria covering a wide range of physics analysis needs have been examined.
For all considered selections, the efficiency to reconstruct and identify a
muon with a transverse momentum pT larger than a few GeV is above 95% over the
whole region of pseudorapidity covered by the CMS muon system, abs(eta) < 2.4,
while the probability to misidentify a hadron as a muon is well below 1%. The
efficiency to trigger on single muons with pT above a few GeV is higher than
90% over the full eta range, and typically substantially better. The overall
momentum scale is measured to a precision of 0.2% with muons from Z decays. The
transverse momentum resolution varies from 1% to 6% depending on pseudorapidity
for muons with pT below 100 GeV and, using cosmic rays, it is shown to be
better than 10% in the central region up to pT = 1 TeV. Observed distributions
of all quantities are well reproduced by the Monte Carlo simulation.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
X-ray emission from the Sombrero galaxy: discrete sources
We present a study of discrete X-ray sources in and around the
bulge-dominated, massive Sa galaxy, Sombrero (M104), based on new and archival
Chandra observations with a total exposure of ~200 ks. With a detection limit
of L_X = 1E37 erg/s and a field of view covering a galactocentric radius of ~30
kpc (11.5 arcminute), 383 sources are detected. Cross-correlation with Spitler
et al.'s catalogue of Sombrero globular clusters (GCs) identified from HST/ACS
observations reveals 41 X-rays sources in GCs, presumably low-mass X-ray
binaries (LMXBs). We quantify the differential luminosity functions (LFs) for
both the detected GC and field LMXBs, whose power-low indices (~1.1 for the
GC-LF and ~1.6 for field-LF) are consistent with previous studies for
elliptical galaxies. With precise sky positions of the GCs without a detected
X-ray source, we further quantify, through a fluctuation analysis, the GC LF at
fainter luminosities down to 1E35 erg/s. The derived index rules out a
faint-end slope flatter than 1.1 at a 2 sigma significance, contrary to recent
findings in several elliptical galaxies and the bulge of M31. On the other
hand, the 2-6 keV unresolved emission places a tight constraint on the field
LF, implying a flattened index of ~1.0 below 1E37 erg/s. We also detect 101
sources in the halo of Sombrero. The presence of these sources cannot be
interpreted as galactic LMXBs whose spatial distribution empirically follows
the starlight. Their number is also higher than the expected number of cosmic
AGNs (52+/-11 [1 sigma]) whose surface density is constrained by deep X-ray
surveys. We suggest that either the cosmic X-ray background is unusually high
in the direction of Sombrero, or a distinct population of X-ray sources is
present in the halo of Sombrero.Comment: 11 figures, 5 tables, ApJ in pres
Azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles at high transverse momenta in PbPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV
The azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles in PbPb collisions at
nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV is measured with the CMS
detector at the LHC over an extended transverse momentum (pt) range up to
approximately 60 GeV. The data cover both the low-pt region associated with
hydrodynamic flow phenomena and the high-pt region where the anisotropies may
reflect the path-length dependence of parton energy loss in the created medium.
The anisotropy parameter (v2) of the particles is extracted by correlating
charged tracks with respect to the event-plane reconstructed by using the
energy deposited in forward-angle calorimeters. For the six bins of collision
centrality studied, spanning the range of 0-60% most-central events, the
observed v2 values are found to first increase with pt, reaching a maximum
around pt = 3 GeV, and then to gradually decrease to almost zero, with the
decline persisting up to at least pt = 40 GeV over the full centrality range
measured.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
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