Gente de palabras. Subjetividades indígenas en transformación en el Chiapas contemporáneo

From an analysis of the design and use of words between tzeltal and tzotzil indigenous of the region Los Altos de Chiapas, this article discusses how the «new life» tzotzil, ach ‘kuxlejal, the interpreted incompetent use of language as effect of ‘modernity’ has led to a perception of another humanity and a questioning of indigenous identity of youth; those branded as «the new growth» (ach ‘chieletik) or «the new life» (ach’ kuxlejaletik).A partir de un análisis de la concepción y uso de las palabras entre tzeltales y tzotziles de la región de Los Altos de Chiapas, el presente artículo discute cómo en el «nuevo vivir» tzotzil, ach’ kuxlejal, el interpretado uso incompetente del lenguaje como efecto de la ‘modernidad’ ha derivado en una percepción de otra humanidad y en un cuestionamiento sobre la identidad indígena de la juventud; a quienes tildan como «los del nuevo crecimiento» (ach’ chieletik) o «los del nuevo vivir» (ach’ kuxlejaletik)

Los amores locos de una joven chamula. Simpatías materno-filiales y cambio social

La lectura etnográfica y el acercamiento antropológico al microcosmos de las familias tzotziles revelan una realidad incuestionable que advierte cómo éstas han recibido el embate de las múltiples formas en que la “modernidad” ha hecho acto de presencia en las comunidades indígenas; irrupción que, a primera vista, se ha traducido en cambios en su estructura y dinámica interna. Asociado a ello, y en parte como consecuencia, la creciente presencia social de las mujeres ha conducido, en ocasiones, a un replanteamiento de los roles y las relaciones entre géneros y generaciones, así como a la progresiva emergencia de una nueva subjetividad femenina que ha traído de la mano, a veces, el surgimiento de un ethos que sustentado en las relaciones de simpatía materno-filiales, y respecto a ciertas crisis domésticas como lo son las producidas por los «amores locos», está apoyando el cambio social hacia el «nuevo vivir», ach’ kuxlejal. Cómo la emergencia de otra «voz» moral femenina va posibilitando un orden ético/corporal y social más amplio, denotativo de un modo “moderno” de estar-en-el-mundo, es el objeto de las páginas que siguen

Complete Genome Sequences of Six Copper-Resistant Xanthomonas citri pv. citri Strains Causing Asiatic Citrus Canker, Obtained Using Long-Read Technology

The gammaproteobacterium Xanthomonas citri pv. citri causes Asiatic citrus canker. Pathotype A strains have a broad host range, which includes most commercial citrus species, and they cause important economic losses worldwide. Control often relies on frequent copper sprays. We present here the complete genomes of six X. citri pv. citri copper-resistant strains.EEA Bella VistaFil: Richard, Damien. CIRAD, UMR PVBMT; Francia. ANSES, Plant Health Laboratory; Francia. Université de la Réunion; FranciaFil: Boyer, Claudine. CIRAD, UMR PVBMT; FranciaFil: Vernière, Christian. CIRAD, UMR PVBMT; Francia. CIRAD, UMR BGPI, Montpellier, FranciaFil: Canteros, Blanca Isabel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bella Vista; ArgentinaFil: Lefeuvre, Pierre. CIRAD, UMR PVBMT; FranciaFil: Pruvost, Olivier. CIRAD, UMR PVBMT; Franci

Complete Genome Sequences of Six Copper-Resistant Xanthomonas citri pv. citri Strains Causing Asiatic Citrus Canker, Obtained Using Long-Read Technology

The gammaproteobacterium Xanthomonas citri pv. citri causes Asiatic citrus canker. Pathotype A strains have a broad host range, which includes most commercial citrus species, and they cause important economic losses worldwide. Control often relies on frequent copper sprays. We present here the complete genomes of six X. citri pv. citri copper-resistant strains.EEA Bella VistaFil: Richard, Damien. CIRAD, UMR PVBMT; Francia. ANSES, Plant Health Laboratory; Francia. Université de la Réunion; FranciaFil: Boyer, Claudine. CIRAD, UMR PVBMT; FranciaFil: Vernière, Christian. CIRAD, UMR PVBMT; Francia. CIRAD, UMR BGPI, Montpellier, FranciaFil: Canteros, Blanca Isabel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bella Vista; ArgentinaFil: Lefeuvre, Pierre. CIRAD, UMR PVBMT; FranciaFil: Pruvost, Olivier. CIRAD, UMR PVBMT; Franci

Crystal structure, NIR luminescence and X-ray computed tomography of Nd3+:Ba0.3Lu0.7F2.7 nanospheres

Uniform, hydrophilic 50 nm diameter Nd3+-doped Ba0.3Lu0.7F2.7 nanospheres are synthesized at 120 °C using a singular one-pot method based on the use of ethylene glycol as solvent, in the absence of any additive. The composition and crystal structure of the undoped material are analyzed in detail using ICP and XRD, which reveals a BaF2 cubic crystal structure that is able to incorporate 70 mol% of Lu ions. This finding contrasts with the reported phase diagram of the system, where the maximum solubility is around 30 mol% Lu. XRD proves as well that the Ba0.3Lu0.7F2.7 structure is able to incorporate Nd3+ ions up to, at least 10 mol%, without altering the uniform particles morphology. The Nd-doped particles exhibit nearinfrared luminescence when excited at 810 nm. The maximum emission intensity with the minimum concentration quenching effect is obtained at 1.5% Nd doping level. X-ray computed tomography experiments are carried out on powder samples of the latter composition. The sample significantly absorbs X-ray photons, thus demonstrating that the Nd3+-doped Ba0.3Lu0.7F2.7 nanospheres are good candidates as contrast agents in computed tomography.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad MAT2014-54852-R, MAT2012-34919Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas 201560E056, 201460E00

Complete Genome Sequences of Six Copper-Resistant Xanthomonas Strains Causing Bacterial Spot of Solaneous Plants, Belonging to X. gardneri, X. euvesicatoria, and X. vesicatoria, Using Long-Read Technology

Xanthomonas vesicatoria, Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, and Xanthomonas gardneri cause bacterial spot disease. Copper has been applied since the 1920s as part of integrated management programs. The first copper-resistant strains were reported some decades later. Here, we fully sequenced six Xanthomonas strains pathogenic to tomato and/or pepper and having a copper-resistant phenotype.EEA Bella VistaFil: Richard, Damien. CIRAD, UMR PVBMT; Francia. ANSES, Plant Health Laboratory; Francia. Université de la Réunion; FranciaFil: Boyer, Claudine. CIRAD, UMR PVBMT; FranciaFil: Lefeuvre, Pierre. CIRAD, UMR PVBMT; FranciaFil: Canteros, Blanca Isabel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bella Vista; ArgentinaFil: Beni-Madhu, Shyam. FAREI; Isla MauricioFil: Portier, Perrine. Institut Nationale de la Recherche Agronomique. Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences; FranciaFil: Pruvost, Olivier. CIRAD, UMR PVBMT; Franci

How to incorporate patient and public perspectives into the design and conduct of research

International government guidance recommends patient and public involvement (PPI) to improve the relevance and quality of research. PPI is defined as research being carried out ‘with’ or ‘by’ patients and members of the public rather than ‘to’, ‘about’ or ‘for’ them (http://www.invo.org.uk/). Patient involvement is different from collecting data from patients as participants. Ethical considerations also differ. PPI is about patients actively contributing through discussion to decisions about research design, acceptability, relevance, conduct and governance from study conception to dissemination. Occasionally patients lead or do research. The research methods of PPI range from informal discussions to partnership research approaches such as action research, co-production and co-learning. This article discusses how researchers can involve patients when they are applying for research funding and considers some opportunities and pitfalls. It reviews research funder requirements, draws on the literature and our collective experiences as clinicians, patients, academics and members of UK funding panels

Steppes, savannahs, forests and phytodiversity reservoirs during the Pleistocene in the Iberian Peninsula

A palaeobotanical analysis of the Pleistocene floras and vegetation in the Iberian Peninsula shows the existence of patched landscapes with Pinus woodlands, deciduous and mixed forests, parklands (savannah-like), shrublands, steppes and grasslands. Extinctions of Arctotertiary woody taxa are recorded during the Early and Middle Pleistocene, but glacial refugia facilitated the survival of a number of temperate, Mediterranean and Ibero-North African woody angiosperms. The responses of Iberian vegetation to climatic changes during the Pleistocene have been spatially and temporarily complex, including rapid changes of vegetation in parallel to orbital and suborbital variability, and situations of multi-centennial resilience or accommodation to climatic changes. Regional characteristics emerged as soon as for the Middle Pleistocene, if not earlier: Ericaceae in the Atlantic coast indicating wetter climate, thermo-mediterranean elements in the south as currently, and broad-leaf trees in the northeastern. Overall, steppe landscapes and open Pinus woodlands prevailed over many continental regions during the cold spells of the Late Pleistocene. The maintenance of a high phytodiversity during the glacials was linked to several refuge zones in the coastal shelves of the Mediterranean and intramountainous valleys. Northern Iberia, especially on coastal areas, was also patched with populations of tree species, and this is not only documented by palaeobotanical data (pollen, charcoal) but also postulated by phylogeographical models

The population structure of Borrelia lusitaniae Is reflected by a population division of its Ixodes Vector

© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Populations of vector-borne pathogens are shaped by the distribution and movement of vector and reservoir hosts. To study what impact host and vector association have on tick-borne pathogens, we investigated the population structure of Borrelia lusitaniae using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Novel sequences were acquired from questing ticks collected in multiple North African and European locations and were supplemented by publicly available sequences at the Borrelia Pubmlst database (accessed on 11 February 2020). Population structure of B. lusitaniae was inferred using clustering and network analyses. Maximum likelihood phylogenies for two molecular tick markers (the mitochondrial 16S rRNA locus and a nuclear locus, Tick-receptor of outer surface protein A, trospA) were used to confirm the morphological species identification of collected ticks. Our results confirmed that B. lusitaniae does indeed form two distinguishable populations: one containing mostly European samples and the other mostly Portuguese and North African samples. Of interest, Portuguese samples clustered largely based on being from north (European) or south (North African) of the river Targus. As two different Ixodes species (i.e., I. ricinus and I. inopinatus) may vector Borrelia in these regions, reference samples were included for I. inopinatus but did not form monophyletic clades in either tree, suggesting some misidentification. Even so, the trospA phylogeny showed a monophyletic clade containing tick samples from Northern Africa and Portugal south of the river Tagus suggesting a population division in Ixodes on this locus. The pattern mirrored the clustering of B. lusitaniae samples, suggesting a potential co-evolution between tick and Borrelia populations that deserve further investigation.This research was financially supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency (grant number APVV-16-0463), by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia by the transitory norm contract DL57/2016/CP1370/CT89 to Ana Cláudia Norte and MARE (MARE-UID/MAR/04292/2020), and by the National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal. The National Reference Center for Borrelia was supported by the Robert-Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

INF2 promotes the formation of detyrosinated microtubules necessary for centrosome reorientation in T cells

T cell antigen receptor-proximal signaling components, Rho-family GTPases, and formin proteins DIA1 and FMNL1 have been implicated in centrosome reorientation to the immunological synapse of T lymphocytes. However, the role of these molecules in the reorientation process is not yet defined. Here we find that a subset of microtubules became rapidly stabilized and that their α-tubulin subunit posttranslationally detyrosinated after engagement of the T cell receptor. Formation of stabilized, detyrosinated microtubules required the formin INF2, which was also found to be essential for centrosome reorientation, but it occurred independently of T cell receptor-induced massive tyrosine phosphorylation. The FH2 domain, which was mapped as the INF2 region involved in centrosome repositioning, was able to mediate the formation of stable, detyrosinated microtubules and to restore centrosome translocation in DIA1-, FMNL1-, Rac1-, and Cdc42-deficient cells. Further experiments indicated that microtubule stabilization was required for centrosome polarization. Our work identifies INF2 and stable, detyrosinated microtubules as central players in centrosome reorientation in T cellsThis work was supported by grants BFU2009-07886 and CONSOLIDER COAT CSD2009-00016 to M.A. Alonso, and BFU2011-22859 to I. Correas (all of them from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain), and grant S2010/BMD-2305 from the Comunidad de Madrid to I. Correa