Quality of Service (QoS) oriented management system in 5G cloud enabled RAN

[EN] This paper analyze techniques to implement QoS/QoE on multi-tenant 5G networks. Describes the ar- chitecture of the next generation mobile network based on cloud-enabled small cell deployments and also proposes an hybrid-cloud solution coexisting with centralized cloud RAN(C-RAN), in order to achieve a gradual implementation of the technology. In this context, the work here presented deals with the challenges of preserving the quality of ex- perience in a multi-tenant cloud enable RAN bearing in mind the Key Performance Indicator(KPI) agreed in the SLA. To achieve this goal, QoS should be managed at different levels of the architecture. Feedback should be given between learning modules in order to analyze the results and infer enhanced decision rules which may conclude in an architecture replacement.The research leading to these results has been supported by the EU funded H2020 5G-PPP projects SESAME (Grant Agreement n 671596) and ESSENCE project (Grant Agreement no 761592) and by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) under grant TEC2016-80090-C2-2-R (5RANVIR).Solozabal, R.; Fajardo, JO.; Blanco, B.; Liberal, F. (2018). Quality of Service (QoS) oriented management system in 5G cloud enabled RAN. En XIII Jornadas de Ingeniería telemática (JITEL 2017). Libro de actas. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 170-175. https://doi.org/10.4995/JITEL2017.2017.6587OCS17017

The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age  6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score  652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Design of Cognitive Cycles in 5G Networks

Part 12: 5G – Putting Intelligence to the Network Edge (5G-PINE)International audienceAdding cognitive capabilities to the wireless networks makes it possible to leverage the control and management information used in the network operation to infer information about the local state and exploit it to improve the overall performance. This paper deals with the combined use of centralized and distributed cognitive cycles integrated at different planes in 5G networks: an integrated data plane, a unified control plane and a cross-layer management plane. This context-aware cognitive schema acts on the decision making modules depending on the monitored environment to prevent failures, balance the virtualized execution and get a global enhancement in the provision of mobile services. The multi-level cognitive cycle supports the interaction between the edge and the cloud blurring the line that separates two paradigms: centralized radio operation and mobile edge services

Gaitasun kognitiboen aplikazioa 5G sareen kontrol- eta kudeaketa-mailetan

Hurrengo belaunaldiko sareen kudeaketak eskakizun erronkariei aurre egin behar izango die goraka ari diren teknologia gaitzaileen aplikazioaren bitartez. Horrelako kudeaketa-egoera konplexuan, adimen artifizialaren erabilpena ziklo kognitibo gisa erreminta ezberdintzaile eta ahaltsua bilaka daiteke sistemaren errendimendu orokorra hobetzeko. Lan honek cloudean oinarritutako maila anitzeko ziklo kognitiboa aurkezten du, 5G arkitekturaren kontrol- eta kudeaketa-atazak bermatzeko. Eredu berriztatzaile honek eskema kognitibo zentralizatu eta banatuak konbinatzen ditu modulu erabakitzaileetan sare-arkitekturaren maila ezberdinetan, ertzaren eta cloud ingurunearen arteko elkarreragina sustatzeko; Next generation network management is envisioned to address new challenging requirements through the application of emerging enabling technologies. In such a complex management scenario, the use of artificial intelligence in the form of cognitive cycles can become a powerful and differentiating tool to enhance system overall performance. This work presents a cloud-based multi-level cognitive cycle to support control and management tasks of 5G architecture. This innovative model combines both centralised and distributed cognitive schemes at decision-making modules in different levels of the network architecture, fostering the interaction between the edge and the cloud environment

Intelligent Orchestration of End-to-End Network Slices for the Allocation of Mission Critical Services over NFV Architectures

Part 1: 5th Workshop on “5G – Putting Intelligence to the Network Edge” (5G-PINE 2019)International audienceThe challenge of deploying mission critical services upon virtualised shared network models is the allocation of both radio and cloud resources to the critical actors who require prioritized and high-quality services. This paper describes the design and deployment of an intelligent orchestration cycle to manage end-to-end slices on a NFV architecture. This novel tool includes the monitoring of the network elements at different levels and the processing of the gathered data to produce the corresponding alert mitigation actions

Orchestration of Mission-Critical Services over an NFV Architecture

Part 1: 4th Workshop on “5G – Putting Intelligence to the Network Edge” (5G-PINE 2019)International audienceIn the race towards 5G, NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) arises as one of the enabler technologies. The intelligent orchestration of the network becomes a key element to achieve the demanded network slicing for an efficient allocation of the available shared virtualised resources.In this paper we propose an intelligent orchestration process of mission critical services over an NFV architecture. Mission critical services have tight requirements in terms of latency and high-availability that must be met in an end-to-end basis. Our proposal includes a monitoring system that collects performance data from the VNF (Virtual Network Function) instances in order to feed the decision-making process of the orchestrator and then elastically assign resources to the network service.The software components that compose our deployment are presented as well as the validation scenario in which the features of the test-bed are exposed

Energy vs. QoX network- and cloud services management

Network Performance (NP)- and more recently Quality of Service/Experience/anything (QoS/QoE/QoX)-based network management techniques focus on the maximization of associated Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Such mechanisms are usually constrained by certain thresholds of other system design parameters. e.g., typically, cost. When applied to the current competitive heterogeneous Cloud Services scenario, this approach may have become obsolete due to its static nature. In fact, energy awareness and the capability of modern technologies to deliver multimedia content at different possible combinations of quality (and prize) demand a complex optimization framework. It is therefore necessary to define more flexible paradigms that make it possible to consider cost, energy and even other currently unforeseen design parameters not as simple constraints, but as tunable variables that play a role in the adaptation mechanisms. In this chapter we will briefly introduce most commonly used frameworks for multi-criteria optimization and evaluate them in different Energy vs. QoX sample scenarios. Finally, the current status of related network management tools will be described, so as to identify possible application areas.Peer reviewe

Providing Mission-Critical Services over 5G Radio Access Network

Part 11: Heuristic approaches - CloudInternational audience5G is called to introduce a major transformation in communication network architectures with its transition to cloud native networks. This transformation will enable new unique service capabilities that will drive the development of innovative applications. But, for 5G being successful in this task, the identification of the vertical sectors’ requirements is of outmost importance in order to map them into the design of the network architecture. This paper proposes a novel Cloud-Enabled Radio Access Network (CE-RAN) architecture to support Public Safety services at the edge of the network. This proposal leverages Network Functions Virtualisation, Software Defined Networking and Mobile Edge Computing principles to provide Mission-Critical services through an isolated network slice. We suggest a CE-RAN architecture with two levels of cloudification to bring the service closer to the end user