Experimental study of formwork tightness as a function of rheological properties of SCC

Several studies relating formwork pressure to rheology exist, however the relationship between rheology and leakage through formwork joints remains to be investigated. In practice, standard documents are used to define formwork tightness requirements, typically using a qualitative approach. To try bridge this gap in knowledge, we developed a test set-up to study tightness of formwork joints under pressure as a function of varying rheological properties. Coupled with standard rheology tests, this new test set-up provides means of linking flow rate, formwork pressure, flow area, and the rheological properties. The study seeks to provide insight on measurable governing parameters and thus inform formwork tightness requirements in a more quantifiable manner. This paper presents a test set-up designed to study the flow of fresh paste through small openings. It highlights a preliminary study on the pressure-driven flow of limestone paste through a bottom orifice in a cylindrical container. While this new device may not be directly representative of the actual conditions in formwork, it provides a good base for a fundamental study that can then be extrapolated to a more representative test operation. Preliminary results show a linear relationship between the flow rate and the applied pressure. The results also show that increasing the flow area by a factor of 2.33 had a higher impact than an increase in yield stress and viscosity by a factor of 2.54 and 3.80 respectively. However, more tests need to be carried out to obtain clear trends

High frequency mechanical impact treatment to improve fatigue life of welds

High frequency mechanical impact (HFMI) is a post-weld peening process which is carried out to improve the fatigue life of welded geometries. The increase in fatigue strength is attributed to the combination of inducing compressive residual stresses at the weld toe, a change in the weld toe geometry from the peening, as well as an increased surface hardness in the treated region. To further investigate the beneficial effects of HFMI, a benchmark exercise has been developed in the Specialist Committee V.3 Materials and Fabrication Technology of the International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress (ISSC 2018). The eventual expectation is the development of design guidelines for the use of HFMI in cyclically loaded components found, for example, in the ship building industry.The benchmark exercise specifies the use of S355, a structural steel with a minimum yield strength of 355MPa, and a particular coupon geometry, which consists of a stiffener, fillet welded to a membrane loaded plate. This geometry, provided as a finite element model by the benchmark exercise committee, is known to be sensitive to fatigue as it has a high stress concentration at the weld toe. Material and mechanical properties for the simulation of HFMI and the cyclic analysis are also specified. Chalmers University of Technology contributes to the benchmark exercise through the course TME131 – Project in applied mechanics.In this year’s project, an efficient way of simulating HFMI treatment is investigated and studies on how cyclic loading affects the induced beneficial compressive residual stresses are carried out. The project is executed in three different stages.Stage 1 mainly concentrates on evaluating methods to simplify the modelling of the HFMI treatment. The goal is to reduce the computational effort without compromising the accuracy of the results. Simulations are performed on a simple cuboid geometry, also provided by the benchmark exercise, with varying parameters such as the constitutive hardening model, e.g. isotropic or kinematic or Chaboche, the analysis type, e.g dynamic or quasi-static, and the indenter tool model, e.g., a single tool or several tools applied in sequence. It is concluded that the choice of analysis type impacts the residual stress state to a minor extent, while it greatly affects the computational effort. A clear trend shows that with an increasing number of indenter parts, greater computational effort is required. Using a single indenter proved to give comparable results to previous work and a uniform residual stress profile. Since it is also computationally effective, it is concluded that this method is the most suitable.The simplifications are then carried over into Stage 2, where the HFMI treatment is applied to the welded coupon geometry. In this stage, the indenter tool models from Stage 1 are redesigned to fit the coupon and simulations are performed to further evaluate the models. Simulations are performed with a variety of indenter tool models. The simulations with several indenters moving in sequence show a greater variation in the residual stress profile, suggesting some unreliability in this method. It is determined that a five-part single impact model was the the most suitable.Finally, in Stage 3 the coupon model with induced residual stresses from a single impact HFMI simulation is subjected to cyclic membrane loading. The residual stress state is found to not be significantly impacted by constant amplitude loading. However, after variable amplitude loading the beneficial residual compressive stresses are found to be redistributed. Furthermore, the beneficial residual compressive stresses are removed to a greater extent when increasing the maximum applied nominal stress. When applying nominal stress with a peak load of 75% of the yield limit, the beneficial residual compressive stresses are reduced by almost 100%. However, when applying a nominal stress with a peak load of 63% of the yield limit, they are only reduced by 50%.For simulating HFMI, the results suggest using the Chaboche mixed hardening model with quasi-static analysis using a single impact indenter tool model. For future work it is recommended to perform further investigation of the single impact dynamic simulations using kinematic hardening since it showed promising results. Furthermore, to achieve better understanding of the effects of cyclic loading, simulations with a wider range of load amplitudes, and closer investigations of the stress-strain development during loading, are recommended

Role of Rheology in Achieving Successful Concrete Performance

This article provides a basic introduction to concrete rheology, as well as some insight into how rheology can be applicable to concrete construction

Plant-dominated assemblage and invertebrates from the lower Cenomanian of Jaunay-Clan, western France

International audienceTwo fossil localities are reported on the "LGV SEA" railroad from the Lower Cenomanianof Jaunay-Clan (JC), near Poitiers, western France. The laminated mudstones yielded plantfossils including ferns (Cladophlebis, Osmundophyllum, Ruffordia goeppertii, Sphenopteris),conifers (Brachyphyllum, Dammarophyllum, Pagiophyllum), and terrestrial and aquaticfreshwater angiosperms (Eucalyptolaurus depreii, Ploufolia). They are associated with acoleopteran insect that shows systematic affinities to the modern subfamily Chrysomeli-nae (Chrysomelidae). This assemblage suggests connections with arborescent vegetationgrowing in calm freshwater environment. Brackish to marine invertebrates also occurand include a dakoticancroid crab (Brachyura, Podotremata, Dakoticancroidea) and a fewbivalves (Brachidontes). They suggest brackish episodes during pond sedimentation in acoastal environment. Lastly, vertebrates are represented by an isolated feather

Synopsis of the pelidnotine scarabs (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae, Rutelini) and annotated catalog of the species and subspecies

The pelidnotine scarabs (Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini) are a speciose, paraphyletic assemblage of beetles that includes spectacular metallic species (“jewel scarabs”) as well as species that are ecologically important as herbivores, pollinators, and bioindicators. These beetles suffer from a complicated nomenclatural history, due primarily to 20th century taxonomic and nomenclatural errors. We review the taxonomic history of the pelidnotine scarabs, present a provisional key to genera with overviews of all genera, and synthesize a catalog of all taxa with synonyms, distributional data, type specimen information, and 107 images of exemplar species. As a result of our research, the pelidnotine leaf chafers (a paraphyletic group) include 27 (26 extant and 1 extinct) genera and 420 valid species and subspecies (419 extant and 1 extinct). Our research makes biodiversity research on this group tractable and accessible, thus setting the stage for future studies that address evolutionary and ecological trends. Based on our research, 1 new species is described, 1 new generic synonym and 12 new species synonyms are proposed, 11 new lectotypes and 1 new neotype are designated, many new or revised nomenclatural combinations, and many unavailable names are presented. The following taxonomic changes are made: New generic synonym: The genus Heteropelidnota Ohaus, 1912 is a new junior synonym of Pelidnota MacLeay, 1819. New species synonyms: Plusiotis adelaida pavonacea Casey, 1915 is a syn. n. of Chrysina adelaida (Hope, 1841); Odontognathus gounellei Ohaus, 1908 is a revised synonym of Pelidnota ebenina (Blanchard, 1842); Pelidnota francoisgenieri Moore & Jameson, 2013 is a syn. n. of Pelidnota punctata (Linnaeus, 1758); Pelidnota genieri Soula, 2009 is a syn. n. of Pelidnota punctata (Linnaeus, 1758); Pelidnota lutea (Olivier, 1758) is a revised synonym of Pelidnota punctata (Linnaeus, 1758); Pelidnota (Pelidnota) texensis Casey, 1915 is a revised synonym of Pelidnota punctata (Linnaeus, 1758); Pelidnota (Strigidia) zikani (Ohaus, 1922) is a revised synonym of Pelidnota tibialis tibialis Burmeister, 1844; Pelidnota ludovici Ohaus, 1905 is a syn. n. of Pelidnota burmeisteri tricolor Nonfried, 1894; Rutela fulvipennis Germar, 1824 is syn. n. of Pelidnota cuprea (Germar, 1824); Pelidnota pulchella blanda Burmeister, 1844 is a syn. n. of Pelidnota pulchella pulchella (Kirby, 1819); Pelidnota pulchella scapularis Burmeister, 1844 is a syn. n. of Pelidnota pulchella pulchella (Kirby, 1819); Pelidnota xanthogramma Perty, 1830 is a syn. n. of Pelidnota pulchella pulchella (Kirby, 1819). New or revised statuses: Pelidnota fabricelavalettei Soula, 2009, revised status, is considered a species; Pelidnota rioensis Soula, 2009, stat. n., is considered a species; Pelidnota semiaurata semiaurata Burmeister, 1844, stat. rev., is considered a subspecies. New or comb. rev. and revised status: Plusiotis guaymi Curoe, 2001 is formally transferred to the genus Chrysina (C. guaymi (Curoe, 2001), comb. n.); Plusiotis transvolcanica Morón & Nogueira, 2016 is transferred to the genus Chrysina (C. transvolcanica (Morón & Nogueira, 2016), comb. n.). Heteropelidnota kuhnti Ohaus, 1912 is transferred to the genus Pelidnota (P. kuhnti (Ohaus, 1912), comb. n.); Odontognathus riedeli Ohaus, 1905 is considered a subspecies of Pelidnota rubripennis Burmeister, 1844 (Pelidnota rubripennis riedeli (Ohaus, 1905), revised status and comb. rev.); Pelidnota (Strigidia) acutipennis (F. Bates, 1904) is transferred to the genus Sorocha (Sorocha acutipennis (F. Bates, 1904), comb. rev.); Pelidnota (Odontognathus) nadiae Martínez, 1978 is transferred to the genus Sorocha (Sorocha nadiae (Martínez, 1978), comb. rev.); Pelidnota (Ganonota) plicipennis Ohaus, 1934 is transferred to the genus Sorocha (Sorocha plicipennis (Ohaus, 1934), comb. rev.); Pelidnota similis Ohaus, 1908 is transferred to the genus Sorocha (Sorocha similis (Ohaus, 1908), comb. rev.); Pelidnota (Ganonota) yungana Ohaus, 1934 is transferred to Sorocha (Sorocha yungana (Ohaus, 1934), comb. rev.); Pelidnota malyi Soula, 2010: 58, revised status; Xenopelidnota anomala porioni Chalumeau, 1985, revised subspecies status. To stabilize the classification of the group, a neotype is designated for the following species: Pelidnota thiliezi Soula, 2009. Lectotypes are designated for the following names (given in their original combinations): Pelidnota brevicollis Casey, 1915, Pelidnota brevis Casey, 1915, Pelidnota debiliceps Casey, 1915, Pelidnota hudsonica Casey, 1915, Pelidnota oblonga Casey, 1915, Pelidnota pallidipes Casey, 1915, Pelidnota ponderella Casey, 1915, Pelidnota strenua Casey, 1915, Pelidnota tarsalis Casey, 1915, Pelidnota texensis Casey, 1915, and Scarabaeus punctatus Linnaeus, 1758. The following published infrasubspecific names are unavailable per ICZN Article 45.6.1: Pelidnota (Odontognathus) cuprea var. coerulea Ohaus, 1913; Pelidnota (Odontognathus) cuprea var. rufoviolacea Ohaus, 1913; Pelidnota (Odontognathus) cuprea var. nigrocoerulea Ohaus, 1913; Pelidnota pulchella var. fulvopunctata Ohaus, 1913; Pelidnota pulchella var. sellata Ohaus, 1913; Pelidnota pulchella var. reducta Ohaus, 1913; Pelidnota unicolor var. infuscata Ohaus, 1913. The following published species name is unavailable per ICZN Article 11.5: Neopatatra synonyma Moore & Jameson, 2013. The following published species name is unavailable per application of ICZN Article 16.1: Parhoplognathus rubripennis Soula, 2008. Synopsis of the pelidnotine scarabs (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae, Rutelini) 3 The following published species name is unavailable per application of ICZN Article 16.4.1: Strigidia testaceovirens argentinica Soula, 2006, Pelidnota (Strigidia) testaceovirens argentinica (Soula, 2006), and Pelidnota testaceovirens argentinica (Soula, 2006). The following published species names are unavailable per application of ICZN Article 16.4.2: Homonyx digennaroi Soula, 2010; Homonyx lecourti Soula, 2010; Homonyx mulliei Soula, 2010; Homonyx simoensi Soula, 2010; Homonyx wagneri Soula, 2010; Homonyx zovii Demez & Soula, 2011; Pelidnota arnaudi Soula, 2009; Pelidnota brusteli Soula, 2010; Pelidnota chalcothorax septentrionalis Soula, 2009; Pelidnota degallieri Soula, 2010; Pelidnota lavalettei Soula, 2008; Pelidnota lavalettei Soula, 2009; Pelidnota dieteri Soula, 2011; Strigidia gracilis decaensi Soula, 2008, Pelidnota (Strigidia) gracilis decaensi (Soula, 2008), and Pelidnota gracilis decaensi (Soula, 2008); Pelidnota halleri Demez & Soula, 2011; Pelidnota injantepalominoi Demez & Soula, 2011; Pelidnota kucerai Soula, 2009; Pelidnota malyi Soula, 2010: 36-37; Pelidnota mezai Soula, 2009; Pelidnota polita darienensis Soula, 2009; Pelidnota polita orozcoi Soula, 2009; Pelidnota polita pittieri Soula, 2009; Pelidnota punctulata decolombia Soula, 2009; Pelidnota punctulata venezolana Soula, 2009; Pelidnota raingeardi Soula, 2009; Pelidnota schneideri Soula, 2010; Pelidnota simoensi Soula, 2009; Pelidnota unicolor subandina Soula, 2009; Sorocha carloti Demez & Soula, 2011; Sorocha castroi Soula, 2008; Sorocha fravali Soula, 2011; Sorocha jeanmaurettei Demez & Soula, 2011; Sorocha yelamosi Soula, 2011; Xenopelidnota bolivari Soula, 2009; Xenopelidnota pittieri pittieri Soula, 2009. Due to unavailability of the name Pseudogeniates cordobaensis Soula 2009, we describe the species as intentionally new (Pseudogeniates cordobaensis Moore, Jameson, Garner, Audibert, Smith, and Seidel, sp. n.)

Utvärdering av tillgänglighet till kollektivtrafik för gående i en mindre ort : En fallstudie av Vagnhärad i Trosa kommun

I omställningen till ett hållbart transportsystem är en vanlig ambition att underlätta resande med transportmedel såsom gång, cykel och kollektivtrafik. Att stärka tillgängligheten till kollektivtrafik och utveckla framkomligheten för gång och cykel är ofta prioriterade frågor i den kommunala samhällsplaneringen. Generellt är en tillgänglig kollektivtrafik svårare att uppnå i mindre orter jämfört med i städer, på grund av att befolkningsunderlaget är mindre. Samtidigt möjliggör snabbare resmöjligheter att även mindre orter kan få tillgång till en större arbetsmarknad inom pendlingsavstånd. Därav blir tillgängligheten för att kunna nå kollektivtrafik en viktig fråga även för mindre orter. Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilka faktorer som är viktiga för att skapa tillgänglighet till kollektivtrafik, med utgångspunkt från de utmaningar som kan kopplas till mindre orter. I studien undersöktes de specifika förutsättningarna för gåendes tillgänglighet i Vagnhärads tätort, i Trosa kommun. I studien undersöktes förutsättningarna för gåendes tillgänglighet till kollektivtrafik idag och utifrån den planerade utvecklingen för Vagnhärad. I studiens litteraturöversikt beskrevs definitioner av tillgänglighet och olika aspekter som bidrar till gåendes tillgänglighet. Litteraturöversikten gav underlag till metoder för att analysera tillgänglighet. Tillgänglighetsanalyser utfördes med geografiska informationssystem (GIS) där beräkningar av närmast avstånd jämfördes med nätverksgenererade avstånd. Avståndsanalyserna jämfördes i sin tur med en modell av den upplevda tillgängligheten, som baserades på en kostnadsyta över gåendes framkomlighet. En intervju utfördes, vilket gav några exempel på planeringsåtgärder för att hantera fysiska avstånd. Resultaten från de GIS-baserade analyserna visade distributionen av tillgänglighet till kollektivtrafik, där framför allt tätortens yttre bostadsområden visade lägre nivå av tillgänglighet. Resultaten visade också att beskrivningen av tillgänglighet är beroende av vilka tillgänglighetsaspekter som studeras och vilken analysmetod som används. Användningen av flera metoder kan bidra till att olika aspekter av tillgänglighet kan belysas. Slutsatser från studien var att det fysiska avståndet, bland andra faktorer, försvårar tillgängligheten till kollektivtrafik för gående i mindre orter. Dock finns flera planeringsåtgärder som kan användas för att kompensera för avståndet så att kollektivtrafikens upplevda tillgänglighet kan utvecklas även i de områden där grundförutsättningarna är sämre.Within the transition towards a sustainable transport system, a common aim is to promote travel by means of transport such as walking, cycling and public transportation. Strengthening accessibility to public transport and developing accessibility for walking and cycling are often prioritized issues within municipal spatial planning. In general, accessible public transport is more difficult to achieve for small communities compared to cities, due to a smaller population base. However, faster transport options make it possible for residents of smaller communities to get access to larger labor markets within commuting distance. As a result, access to public transport becomes an important issue also for smaller communities. The aim of the study was to investigate which factors are important for creating accessibility to public transport, based on the challenges linked to smaller towns. The study examined the specific conditions for pedestrian accessibility in the town of Vagnhärad, in Trosa municipality. Within the study, conditions for pedestrian access to public transport today and based on the planned development for Vagnhärad were examined. The study's literature review described definitions of accessibility and various aspects that contribute to pedestrian accessibility. The literature review provided a basis for methods of analyzing accessibility. Accessibility analyses were performed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) where calculations of the nearest distance were compared with network-generated distance. The distance analyses were in turn compared with a model of the perceived accessibility, which was based on a cost surface of pedestrian accessibility. An interview was conducted, which resulted in some examples of planning measures for managing physical distances. The results from the GIS-based analyses showed the distribution of accessibility to public transport, where especially the outer residential areas had a lower level of accessibility. The results also showed that the description of accessibility depends on which factors are studied and the method being used. The use of several methods can contribute to different perspectives of accessibility being illustrated. Conclusions from the study were that the physical distance, among other factors, makes access to public transport more difficult for pedestrians in smaller communities. However, there are several planning measures that can be used to compensate for the distance so that the perceived accessibility of public transport can be developed also for areas where the preconditions are more difficult

En jämförelse mellan företagens hantering av personuppgifter och allmänhetens syn på denna - I ljuset av GDPR

I ljuset av Europaparlamentets nya förordning Allmän dataskyddsförordning (GDPR) och i samband med utveckling av teknik som Big Data och Internet of Things, undersöker denna studie hur användarnas digitala personuppgifter hanteras och allmänhetens åsikter kring detta. De metoder som används för att svara på studiens forskningsfråga är en systematisk litteraturstudie och en webbaserad enkätundersökning. Syftet med enkätundersökningen är att komplettera litteraturstudien med svar från allmänheten i närområdet, i detta fall Sverige. Med hjälp av dessa metoder jämförs det hur företagen hanterar användarnas personuppgifter och allmänhetens syn på denna, för att slutligen komma fram till om företagen uppfyller användarnas behov och önskemål.In light of the European Parliament's new regulation the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the development of technologies such as Big Data and the Internet of Things, this study investigates how users' personal data are handled and public opinion about this. The methods used to answer the study's research question are a systematic literature study and a web-based survey. The purpose of the survey is to supplement the literature study with answers from the public in the immediate area, in this case Sweden. Using these methods, the study aims at comparing how companies handle the users' personal data and the public's view on it, to see if companies meet the users’ needs and wishes