Changes in subclass-specific IgG Fc glycosylation associated with the postnatal maturation of the murine immune system

Early postnatal life is characterized by a critical time period in which the developing neonatal immune system transitions from passive immunity, induced by protective maternal antibodies, to the competence of a fully functioning immune system. The inflammatory capability of both maternal and neonatal antibodies is governed by N-linked glycosylation of the Fc region, and though this has been examined extensively in adults, there is currently little information regarding antibody glycosylation patterns during early postnatal life. To characterize the murine IgG Fc glycosylation profile during early life, we used nano-LC-ESI-Qq-TOF mass spectrometry analysis to assess subclass specific Asn-297 glycosylation patterns in the serum of BALB/c mice from 5–60 days of age. From birth to adulthood, we observed a decline in proinflammatory Fc glycosylation in all IgG subclasses. This was shown by significantly reduced agalactosylated and monogalactosylated structures combined with increased sialylation after weaning at 45 and 60 days of age. This information indicates that the transition between neonatal life and adulthood in mice is accompanied by reduction of inflammatory IgG antibodies. Our study contributes to a growing body of literature indicating the importance of IgG Fc glycosylation and its association with inflammation during different life stages.Fil: Barrientos, Gabriela Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Hospital Alemán. Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Habazin, Sinia. Genos Ltd; CroaciaFil: Novokmet, Mislav. Genos Ltd; CroaciaFil: Almousa, Yahia. Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Alemania. Freie Universität Berlin; Alemania. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Alemania. Berlin Institute of Health; AlemaniaFil: Lauc, Gordan. Genos Ltd; Croacia. University of Zagreb; CroaciaFil: Conrad, Melanie L.. Freie Universität Berlin; Alemania. Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Alemania. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Alemania. Berlin Institute of Health; Alemani

Influence of relative NK-DC abundance on placentation and its relation to epigenetic programming in the offspring

Normal placentation relies on an efficient maternal adaptation to pregnancy. Within the decidua, natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DC) have a critical role in modulating angiogenesis and decidualization associated with pregnancy. However, the contribution of these immune cells to the placentation process and subsequently fetal development remains largely elusive. Using two different mouse models, we here show that optimal placentation and fetal development is sensitive to disturbances in NK cell relative abundance at the fetal–maternal interface. Depletion of NK cells during early gestation compromises the placentation process by causing alteration in placental function and structure. Embryos derived from NK-depleted dams suffer from intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a phenomenon that continued to be evident in the offspring on post-natal day 4. Further, we demonstrate that IUGR was accompanied by an overall reduction of global DNA methylation levels and epigenetic changes in the methylation of specific hepatic gene promoters. Thus, temporary changes within the NK cell pool during early gestation influence placental development and function, subsequently affecting hepatic gene methylation and fetal metabolism.Fil: Freitag, Nancy. Medicine University of Berlin; AlemaniaFil: Zwier, M. V.. University of Groningen; Países BajosFil: Barrientos, Gabriela Laura. Medicine University of Berlin; Alemania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Tirado González, Irene. Medicine University of Berlin; AlemaniaFil: Conrad, Melanie L.. Medicine University of Berlin; AlemaniaFil: Rose, Matthias. Medicine University of Berlin; AlemaniaFil: Scherjon, S. A.. University of Groningen; Países BajosFil: Plösch, T.. University of Groningen; Países BajosFil: Blois, Sandra M.. Medicine University of Berlin; Alemani

Analysis of clinical samples from Doberman and Toy Poodle dogs with a targeted next-generation genotyping system

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a powerful tool to study DNA or RNA samples. New methods and protocols based on NGS have been developed to carry out the analysis of genetic variation for animal parentage testing, disease screening and trait detection. Targeted NGS is aimed at achieving targeted enrichment of genome subregions to reduced significantly the sequencing of genomic loci of interest, as well as costs and efforts, compared with whole-genome sequencing (WGS). We generated genotyping information of 387 targets from 95 clinical canine samples (76 Doberman and 19 Toy Poodle dogs) and 3 control samples using AgriSeq Targeted GBS. Based on these data, we calculated the exclusion power of 228 parentage markers with Cervus 3.0 software. Furthermore, we detected disease/trait markers presenting polymorphism and calculated their allele frequencies within each breed. In the case of parentage markers, the assigned parents showed a higher LOD score (>1.22 x1016), and the available pedigree data of offspring agreed with the assigned parent information. Interestingly, full siblings were also assigned like parents. On the other hand, we found 19 polymorphic disease/trait markers in the total sample, 3 of which (progressive rod-cone degeneration, von Willebrand disease 1 and dilated cardiomyopathy) were validated by pyrosequencing with 100% concordance. The mutant allele for cone-rod dystrophy3 (CRD3) was found in both groups, a variant which had not been reported in either breed to date. Sequencing of genomic loci of interest, costs and efforts can be reduced significantly with targeted NGS as compared with WGS. The AgriSeq Targeted GBS is a very good alternative for the massive genetic evaluation of animal populations.Fil: Arizmendi, Analía. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Hospital Escuela; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET- La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando Noel Dulout". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Barrientos, Laura Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET- La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando Noel Dulout". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Crespi, Julian Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET- La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando Noel Dulout". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Rudd Garces, Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET- La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando Noel Dulout". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Giovambattista, Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET- La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando Noel Dulout". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Peral Garcia, Pilar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET- La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando Noel Dulout". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria; Argentina37th International Society of Animal Genetics (ISAG) ConferenceLleidaEspañaInternational Society of Animal Genetics (ISAG

Role of galectin-glycan circuits in reproduction: from healthy pregnancy to preterm birth (PTB)

Growing evidence suggests that galectins, an evolutionarily conserved family of glycan-binding proteins, fulfill key roles in pregnancy including blastocyst implantation, maternal-fetal immune tolerance, placental development, and maternal vascular expansion, thereby establishing a healthy environment for the growing fetus. In this review, we comprehensively present the function of galectins in shaping cellular circuits that characterize a healthy pregnancy. We describe the current understanding of galectins in term and preterm labor and discuss how the galectin-glycan circuits contribute to key immunological pathways sustaining maternal tolerance and preventing microbial infections. A deeper understanding of the glycoimmune pathways regulating early events in preterm birth could offer the broader translational potential for the treatment of this devastating syndrome.Fil: Blois, Sandra M.. Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Alemania. Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Alemania. University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; AlemaniaFil: Verlohren, Stefan. Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; AlemaniaFil: Wu, Gang. Imperial College London; Reino UnidoFil: Clark, Gary. University of Missouri; Estados UnidosFil: Dell, Anne. Imperial College London; Reino UnidoFil: Haslam, Stuart M.. Imperial College London; Reino UnidoFil: Barrientos, Gabriela Laura. Hospital Aleman. Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Consequences of the Lack of IL-10 in Different Endotoxin Effects and its Relationship With Glucocorticoids

Sepsis constitutes one of the major causes of death in ICUs. In sepsis induced by gram-negative, although lipopolysaccharide (LPS) initially induces an exacerbated secretion of proinflammatory cytokines leading to endotoxic shock and death resembling a septic shock, it is also capable of inducing refractoriness to subsequent challenge with LPS, a state known as endotoxin tolerance, which is considered the initial step of the immunosuppression found in septic patients. As we previously demonstrated the importance of glucocorticoids in endotoxin tolerance, the aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) both in the endotoxic shock and in the development of the tolerance and its relationship with glucocorticoids. Our results show that, upon LPS challenge, IL-10 knockout mice (KO) mice had an enhanced LPS sensitivity, along with elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines as tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-12 and interferon-γ, and enhanced tissue damage, despite the high levels of glucocorticoids. This effect may be because, in part, of the higher expression of tumor necrosis factor receptors in IL-10 KO mice. Further, the injection of dexamethasone did not protect IL-10 KO mice from a LPS lethal challenge. Although tolerance was achieved in the absence of IL-10, it was weaker and the elevated levels of glucocorticoids were not able to reverse the high sensitivity of IL-10 KO mice to LPS. Nevertheless, glucocorticoids would play a pivotal role in the establishment and maintenance of this partial tolerance in IL-10 KO mice. Finally, our results show that IL-10 and glucocorticoids could act in a bidirectional way influencing the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory periods.Fil: Córdoba Moreno, Marlina Olyissa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Todero, Maria Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Fontanals, Adriana Mirta. Fundación Instituto Leloir; ArgentinaFil: Pineda, Gonzalo Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Montagna, Daniela Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Yokobori, Noemí. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Ramos, Maria Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Barrientos, Gabriela Laura. Hospital Alemán. Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Toblli, Jorge Eduardo. Hospital Alemán. Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Isturiz, Martín Amadeo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Rearte, María Bárbara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; Argentin

Early expression of pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 22 (PSG22) by trophoblast cells modulates angiogenesis in mice.

Mouse and human pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSG) are known to exert immunomodulatory functions during pregnancy by inducing maternal leukocytes to secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines that promote a tolerogenic decidual microenvironment. Many such anti-inflammatory mediators also function as proangiogenic factors, which, along with the reported association of murine PSG with the uterine vasculature, suggest that PSG may contribute to the vascular adaptations necessary for successful implantation and placental development. We observed that PSG22 is strongly expressed around the embryonic crypt on Gestation Day 5.5, indicating that trophoblast giant cells are the main source of PSG22 during the early stages of pregnancy. PSG22 treatment up-regulated the secretion of transforming growth factor beta 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in murine macrophages, uterine dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. A possible role of PSGs in uteroplacental angiogenesis is further supported by the finding that incubation of endothelial cells with PSG22 resulted in the formation of tubes in the presence and absence of VEGFA. We determined that PSG22, like human PSG1 and murine PSG17 and PSG23, binds to the heparan sulfate chains in syndecans. Therefore, our findings indicate that despite the independent evolution and expansion of human and rodent PSG, members in both families have conserved functions that include their ability to induce anti-inflammatory cytokines and proangiogenic factors as well as to induce the formation of capillary structures by endothelial cells. In summary, our results indicate that PSG22, the most abundant PSG expressed during mouse early pregnancy, is likely a major contributor to the establishment of a successful pregnancy.Fil: Blois, Sandra M.. University Medicine of Berlin; AlemaniaFil: Tirado González, Irene. University Medicine of Berlin; AlemaniaFil: Wu, Julie. Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: Barrientos, Gabriela Laura. University Medicine of Berlin; Alemania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Johnson, Briana. Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: Warren, James. Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: Freitag, Nancy. University Medicine of Berlin; AlemaniaFil: Klapp, Burghard F.. University Medicine of Berlin; AlemaniaFil: Irmak, Ster. University of Duisburg Essen; AlemaniaFil: Ergun, Suleyman. Julius Maximilians Universitat Wurzburg. Biozentrum; AlemaniaFil: Dveskler, Gabriela S.. Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Estados Unido

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Evaluación de la respuesta de anticuerpos neutralizantes a la vacuna Sputnik V en una cohorte en Córdoba y evaluación de las propiedades neutralizantes de anticuerpos naturales y vacunales frente a la variante Manaos

Se evaluó la respuesta de anticuerpos tipo IgG totales anti S y anticuerpos neutralizantes (AcNT) a la vacuna Sputnik V en 800 muestras tomadas a una cohorte de 285 personas en la ciudad de Córdoba. Las muestras fueron tomadas en tres momentos diferentes: una muestra basal previo a lo colocación de la vacuna (en los casos en que fue posible), una muestra luego de la primera dosis de la vacuna (día 14) y una muestra luego de la segunda dosis correspondiente (día 42 desde la 1er dosis). El promedio de la edad de las personas que conforman la cohorte es de 39,24 (±9,76), con un mínimo de 20 años y un máximo de 65 años. El 26,67% de ellos (n=76) tuvieron exposición previa al virus SARS-CoV-2. La determinación de anticuerpos tipo IgG contra la proteína S del virus se realizó mediante las técnicas COVIDAR IgG (Laboratorio Lemos S.R.L.) y SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant (Abbott). Las muestras que resultaron discordantes o negativas se evaluaron por inmunofluorescencia indirecta “in house” (IFI). La capacidad neutralizante de los 2 anticuerpos en las muestras de las personas vacunadas se evaluó por una técnica de Neutralización por reducción de placas (TNRP) frente al virus salvaje SARS-CoV-2 (hCoV19/Argentina/PAIS-G0001/2020, GISAID ID: EPI_ISL_499083) utilizando células Vero Cl76 (ATCC CRL-587). Los anticuerpos neutralizantes fueron titulados, estableciéndose como el título a la máxima dilución del plasma con capacidad de neutralizar al menos el 80% de las Unidades Formadoras de Placa (UFP) inoculadas, como previamente ha sido descripto (Blanco y col., 2021).Fil: Rodríguez, Rodolfo. Gobierno de Córdoba. Instituto Provincial de Investigación y Planificación Sanitaria; Argentina.Fil: Caeiro, Juan Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Caeiro, Juan Pablo. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina.Fil: Juri, Hugo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Rectorado; Argentina.Fil: Juri, Hugo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina.Fil: Juri, Hugo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina.Fil: Pizzi, Rogelio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina.Fil: Gallego, Sandra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Virología “Dr. J.M. Vanella”; Argentina.Fil: Blanco, Sebastián. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Virología “Dr. J.M. Vanella”; Argentina.Fil: Konigheim, Brenda. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Virología “Dr. J.M. Vanella”; Argentina.Fil: Spinsanti, Lorena. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Virología “Dr. J.M. Vanella”; Argentina.Fil: Díaz, Adrian. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Virología “Dr. J.M. Vanella”; Argentina.Fil: Aguilar, Juan. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Virología “Dr. J.M. Vanella”; Argentina.Fil: Beranek, Mauricio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Virología “Dr. J.M. Vanella”; Argentina.Fil: Rivarola, María Elisa. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Virología “Dr. J.M. Vanella”; Argentina.Fil: Nates, Silvia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Virología “Dr. J.M. Vanella”; Argentina.Fil: Ré, Viviana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Virología “Dr. J.M. Vanella”; Argentina.Fil: Pisano, Belén. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Virología “Dr. J.M. Vanella”; Argentina.Fil: Mangeaud, Arnaldo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Díaz, Miguel. Gobierno de Córdoba. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Rawson; Argentina.Fil: Collino, César. Gobierno de Córdoba. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Rawson; Argentina.Fil: Barrera, Aldo Gobierno de Córdoba. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Rawson; Argentina.Fil: Álvarez, Alejandra. Gobierno de Córdoba. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Rawson; Argentina.Fil: Ravera, Lorena. Gobierno de Córdoba. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Rawson; Argentina.Fil: Zappia, Liliana. Gobierno de Córdoba. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Rawson; Argentina.Fil: Brarda, Canela. Gobierno de Córdoba. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Rawson; Argentina.Fil: Eynard Asua, Josefina. Gobierno de Córdoba. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Rawson; Argentina.Fil: Toledo, Claudia. Gobierno de Córdoba. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Rawson; Argentina.Fil: Barrientos Alvarado, Carla Daniela. Gobierno de Córdoba. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Rawson; Argentina.Fil: Sabbatini, Julia. Gobierno de Córdoba. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Rawson; Argentina

EstuPlan: Methodology for the development of creativity in the resolution of scientific and social problems

[EN] Creative thinking is necessary to generate novel ideas and solve problems. "EstuPlan" is a methodology in which knowledge and creativity converge for the resolution of scientific problems with social projection. It is a training programme that integrates teachers, laboratory technicians and PhD students, master and undergraduate students which form working groups for the development of projects. Projects have a broad and essential scope and projection in terms of environmental problems, sustainable use of natural resources, food, health, biotechnology or biomedicine. The results show the success of this significant learning methodology using tools to develop creativity in responding to scientific and social demand for problem-solving to transfer academic knowledge to different professional environments. Bioplastics, Second Life of Coffee, LimBio, Algae oils, Ecomers, Caring for the life of your crop and Hate to Deforestate are currently being developed.Astudillo Calderón, S.; De Díez De La Torre, L.; García Companys, M.; Ortega Pérez, N.; Rodríguez Martínez, V.; Alzahrani, S.; Alonso Valenzuela, R.... (2019). EstuPlan: Methodology for the development of creativity in the resolution of scientific and social problems. En HEAD'19. 5th International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 711-717. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAD19.2019.9205OCS71171

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication