Reestructuración agraria y cambios socioterritoriales en Capayán (Catamarca, Argentina)

El espacio agrario y rural del departamento Capayán experimentó hasta el presente cambios notorios como resultado del impacto socioterritorial provocado en gran medida por las empresas agropecuarias instaladas durante la década de 1990. El arraigo de estas empresas fue favorecido por leyes de diferimiento y exención impositiva, contenidas por cambios macroeconómicos y del sistema agroalimentario. Así, la investigación se encuadra en un contexto social amplio, marcado por los efectos de la modernización de la estructura agraria departamental. Específicamente, intentamos reflexionar de manera general sobre las transformaciones socioterritoriales (socioeconómicas, socioculturales y sociodemográficas) ocurridas en el departamento Capayán, provincia de Catamarca, a partir del fuerte proceso de reestructuración de la agricultura iniciado en la última década del siglo pasado. Ello implicó dar cuenta tanto de la emergencia de una nueva territorialidad y geografía del poder por parte de las empresas, como de fenómenos de desterritorialización y territorialización inacabados en áreas rurales y rururbanas. Finalmente, como queda expresado a lo largo del trabajo, la dinámica de cambios fue configurando un territorio rural distinto, que genera significativas asimetrías territoriales, económicas y sociales producto de trayectorias históricas, ecológicas, productivas, económicas, políticas, de desarrollo y socio-territoriales superpuestas, inacabadas e incompletas.   Palabras claves: cambios socioterritoriales - Capayán – Catamarca – desarrollo del capita

Sea ice diatom contributions to Holocene nutrient utilization in East Antarctica

Combined high-resolution Holocene δ30Sidiat and δ13Cdiat paleorecords are presented from theSeasonal Ice Zone, East Antarctica. Both data sets reflect periods of increased nutrient utilization by diatomsduring the Hypsithermal period (circa 7800 to 3500 calendar years (cal years) B.P.), coincident with a higherabundance of open water diatom species (Fragilariopsis kerguelensis), increased biogenic silica productivity(%BSi), and higher regional summer temperatures. The Neoglacial period (after circa 3500 cal years B.P.) isreflected by an increase in sea ice indicative species (Fragilariopsis curta and Fragilariopsis cylindrus,upto50%) along with a decrease in %BSi and δ13Cdiat(< 18‰ to 23‰). However, over this period, δ30Sidiatdata show an increasing trend, to some of the highest values in the Holocene record (average of +0.43‰).Competing hypotheses are discussed to account for the decoupling trend in utilization proxies including ironfertilization, species-dependent fractionation effects, and diatom habitats. Based on mass balance calculations,we highlight that diatom species derived from the semi-enclosed sea ice environment may have a confoundingeffect upon δ30Sidowncorecompositions of the seasonal sea ice zone. A diatom composition, with approximately28% of biogenic silica derived from the sea ice environment (diat-SI) can account for the increased averagecompo sition of δ30Sidiatduring the Neoglacial. These data highlight the significant role sea ice diatoms can playwith relation to their export in sediment records, which has implications on productivity reconstructions fromthe seasonal ice zone

International collaborative project to compare and track the nutritional composition of fast foods

Background: Chronic diseases are the leading cause of premature death and disability in the world with over-nutrition a primary cause of diet-related ill health. Excess quantities of energy, saturated fat, sugar and salt derived from fast foods contribute importantly to this disease burden. Our objective is to collate and compare nutrient composition data for fast foods as a means of supporting improvements in product formulation. METHODS/DESIGN: Surveys of fast foods will be done in each participating country each year. Information on the nutrient composition for each product will be sought either through direct chemical analysis, from fast food companies, in-store materials or from company websites. Foods will be categorized into major groups for the primary analyses which will compare mean levels of saturated fat, sugar, sodium, energy and serving size at baseline and over time. Countries currently involved include Australia, New Zealand, France, UK, USA, India, Spain, China and Canada, with more anticipated to follow. DISCUSSION: This collaborative approach to the collation and sharing of data will enable low-cost tracking of fast food composition around the world. This project represents a significant step forward in the objective and transparent monitoring of industry and government commitments to improve the quality of fast foods.E Dunford is supported by a Sydney Medical School Foundation scholarship and B Neal by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship.http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/12/559am201

Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Pluriactividad en productores familiares de Colonia del Valle y de Capayán (Provincia de Catamarca) : cambios y continuidades en la dinámica socioeconómica de las explotaciones

Tesis para obtener el grado de Magister en área Desarrollo Rural, de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, en 2019El propósito de la Tesis es comprender tanto la expansión y la consolidación, como la incidencia socioeconómica de las estrategias de pluriactividad en productores y en explotaciones familiares de las localidades de Capayán y de Colonia del Valle, ubicadas en el departamento Capayán en la Provincia de Catamarca. Con relación a ello se realiza en primer lugar, una descripción de las particularidades que asume este fenómeno en la zona, considerando la presencia cuantitativa, las características y los cambios de la pluriactividad. En segundo lugar, se analizan las relaciones de estas estrategias pluriactivas con la dinámica socioeconómica y política local (expresada como cambios de la estructura agraria, de los usos/funciones del espacio rural y de la estructura socio-ocupacional). Asimismo, se examinan las relaciones de las estrategias pluriactivas con la dinámica de las condiciones del contexto (expresada como modelos de desarrollo del capital en el agro y cambios en el sistema agroalimentario argentino y regional). En tercer lugar, se comprende la vinculación de la pluriactividad con las modificaciones en diferentes aspectos de las explotaciones y de las familias como: la gestión; la organización del trabajo y de la producción; las relaciones de género y generaciones; las motivaciones; y la sucesión de la explotación.This thesis objective is to understand the expansion and consolidation, as well as the socioeconomic impact of the pluriactivity strategies on producers and family farms of Capayán and Colonia del Valle towns, located in the Capayán Department in Catamarca Province. In relation with this, it is firstly conducted a description of the distinctive features that this phenomenon assumes in the zone, considering the quantitative presence, the pluriactivity characteristics and changes. Secondly, the relationships of these pluriactive strategies with the local socioeconomic and political dynamics (expressed as changes in the agrarian structure, of the uses / functions of the rural space and the socio-occupational structure) are analyzed. Likewise, the relations of the pluriactive strategies with the dynamics of the context conditions are examined (expressed such as capital development models in agriculture and changes in the Argentine and regional agricultural-food system). Thirdly, it is understood the linkage of the pluriactivity with the modifications in different aspects of the exploitations and of the families like the management, work organization and production; gender relations; motivations and succession of exploitation.EEA CatamarcaFil: Varela, Barbara Ruth. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Catamarca; Argentin

Reestructuración agraria y cambios socioterritoriales en Capayán (Catamarca, Argentina)

The rural and agricultural territory of the district of Capayan has experimented evident changes, as a result of the socioterritory impact (economic, politic, spatial, ecological and demographic) provoked by agricultural companies established from the 90´s. The permanence of these companies was promoted by macroeconomic changes and agro-alimentary systems. Thus, this study is framed in a broad social context marked by the effects of modernization and the departmental agrarian structure. Specifically, we intend to consider, in a general way, the socio-territorial transformations (socioeconomic, sociocultural and sociodemographic) that occurs in the district of Capayán, in the province of Catamarca, to the strong process of rearrangement of agriculture initiated in the last decade of the past century. That involved to give an account of not only the emergency of a new territorial and geographical power of the companies, but also the unterritorialization and territorialization unfinished phenomena in rural and urban-rural areas. The changing dynamics has been setting a different rural territory, that produces significant territorial, economic and social asymmetries resulting from historical, ecologic, productive, economic, political stages of development and socioterritorial overlapped and unfinished.El espacio agrario y rural del departamento Capayán experimentó hasta el presente cambios notorios como resultado del impacto socioterritorial provocado en gran medida por las empresas agropecuarias instaladas durante la década de 1990. El arraigo de estas empresas fue favorecido por leyes de diferimiento y exención impositiva, contenidas por cambios macroeconómicos y del sistema agroalimentario. Así, la investigación se encuadra en un contexto social amplio, marcado por los efectos de la modernización de la estructura agraria departamental. Específicamente, intentamos reflexionar de manera general sobre las transformaciones socioterritoriales (socioeconómicas, socioculturales y sociodemográficas) ocurridas en el departamento Capayán, provincia de Catamarca, a partir del fuerte proceso de reestructuración de la agricultura iniciado en la última década del siglo pasado. Ello implicó dar cuenta tanto de la emergencia de una nueva territorialidad y geografía del poder por parte de las empresas, como de fenómenos de desterritorialización y territorialización inacabados en áreas rurales y rururbanas. Finalmente, como queda expresado a lo largo del trabajo, la dinámica de cambios fue configurando un territorio rural distinto, que genera significativas asimetrías territoriales, económicas y sociales producto de trayectorias históricas, ecológicas, productivas, económicas, políticas, de desarrollo y socio-territoriales superpuestas, inacabadas e incompletas. Palabras claves: cambios socioterritoriales - Capayán – Catamarca – desarrollo del capita