An information retrieval strategy for large multimodal data collections involving source code and natural language

Source code repositories store data from software products. Among this data we can find the evolution of the source code, requirements, bugs and communication between developers. Source code repositories have been growing rapidly in the recent years andwith them the need of extracting information from them. An interesting source code repository that is growing both in usage and information is Stack Overflow (SO), this web site provides one of the biggest Question Answering places used by thousands of developers everyday. In SO the developers can ask any question related to a programming issue and it will be answered by other users. We can find a source code repository with both source code and natural language with thousands of samples and the possibility of combining both sources of information to extract useful and not eye-noticeable information from it. In this thesis, we explore how to represent source code and natural language and how to combine these representations. We try to solve the task of understanding how users in SO talk about the programming language, how similar these programming languages are among them based on how users talk about them, and finally, we provide tools on the building of an information retrieval strategy by identifying duplicated post.Los repositorios de software almacenan datos sobre los productos de software, datos relacionados con la evolución de código fuente, requerimientos de software, reporte de bugs y comunicación entre desarrolladores. Los repositorios de software han crecido rápidamente en los últimos años y con ellos la necesidad de extraer información significativa de ellos. Un repositorio de software intersante es Stack Overflow(SO), este sitio web es uno de los sitios de Question Answering más grandes y usados por miles de desarrolladores de sofware en su día a día. En SO los desarrollares pueden preguntar cualquier duda relacionada con programación y software que será respondida por otros usuarios. Como SO, existen muchos repositorios de software con código fuente y texto con millones de ejemplares y la posibilidad de combinar ambas fuentes para extraer información de ellos que no es visible a simple vista. En este trabajo de tesis, exploramos como representar código fuente y lenguaje natural y cómo combinar estas representaciones. Intentamos resolver la tarea de entender como los usuarios de SO hablan sobre un lenguage de programación, que tan similares son los lenguajes de programación basados en cómo los usuarios hablen sobre ellos y, finalmente, proporcionar herramientas para construir una estrategia de recuperación de información para identificar post duplicados.Maestrí

Reporte Estabilidad Financiera - Primer Semestre de 2020

In the face of the multiple shocks currently experienced by the domestic economy (resulting from the drop in oil prices and the appearance of a global pandemic), the Colombian financial system is in a position of sound solvency and adequate liquidity. At the same time, credit quality has been recovering and the exposure of credit institutions to firms with currency mismatches has declined relative to previous episodes of sudden drops in oil prices. These trends are reflected in the recent fading of red and blue tonalities in the performance and credit risk segments of the risk heatmaps in Graphs A and B.1 Naturally, the sudden, unanticipated change in macroeconomic conditions has caused the appearance of vulnerabilities for short-term financial stability. These vulnerabilities require close and continuous monitoring on the part of economic authorities. The main vulnerability is the response of credit and credit risk to a potential, temporarily extreme macroeconomic situation in the context of: (i) recently increased exposure of some banks to household sector, and (ii) reductions in net interest income that have led to a decline in the profitability of the banking business in the recent past. Furthermore, as a consequence of greater uncertainty and risk aversion, occasional problems may arise in the distribution of liquidity between agents and financial markets. With regards to local markets, spikes have been registered in the volatility of public and private fixed income securities in recent weeks that are consistent with the behavior of the international markets and have had a significant impact on the liquidity of those instruments (red portions in the most recent past of some market risk items on the map in Graph A). In order to adopt a forward-looking approach to those vulnerabilities, this Report presents a stress test that evaluates the resilience of credit institutions in the event of a hypothetical scenario thatseeks to simulate an extreme version of current macroeconomic conditions. The scenario assumes a hypothetical negative growth that is temporarily strong but recovers going into the middle of the coming year and has extreme effects on credit quality. The results suggest that credit institutions have the ability to withstand a significant deterioration in economic conditions in the short term. Even though there could be a strong impact on credit, liquidity, and profitability under the scenario being considered, aggregate capital ratios would probably remain at above their regulatory limits over the horizon of a year. In this context, the recent measures taken by both Banco de la República and the Office of the Financial Superintendent of Colombia that are intended to help preserve the financial stability of the Colombian economy become highly relevant. In compliance with its constitutional objectives and in coordination with the financial system’s security network, Banco de la República will continue to closely monitor the outlook for financial stability at this juncture and will make the decisions that are necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the economy, facilitate the flow of sufficient credit and liquidity resources, and further the smooth functioning of the payment system. Juan José Echavarría Governo

Financial Stability Report - Second Semester of 2020

The Colombian financial system has not suffered major structural disruptions during these months of deep economic contraction and has continued to carry out its basic functions as usual, thus facilitating the economy's response to extreme conditions. This is the result of the soundness of financial institutions at the beginning of the crisis, which was reflected in high liquidity and capital adequacy indicators as well as in the timely response of various authorities. Banco de la República lowered its policy interest rates 250 points to 1.75%, the lowest level since the creation of the new independent bank in 1991, and provided ample temporary and permanent liquidity in both pesos and foreign currency. The Office of the Financial Superintendent of Colombia, in turn, adopted prudential measures to facilitate changes in the conditions for loans in effect and temporary rules for rating and loan-loss provisions. Finally, the national government expanded the transfers as well as the guaranteed credit programs for the economy. The supply of real credit (i.e. discounting inflation) in the economy is 4% higher today than it was 12 months ago with especially marked growth in the housing (5.6%) and commercial (4.7%) loan portfolios (2.3% in consumer and -0.1% in microloans), but there have been significant changes over time. During the first few months of the quarantine, firms increased their demands for liquidity sharply while consumers reduced theirs. Since then, the growth of credit to firms has tended to slow down, while consumer and housing credit has grown. The financial system has responded satisfactorily to the changes in the respective demands of each group or sector and loans may grow at high rates in 2021 if GDP grows at rates close to 4.6% as the technical staff at the Bank expects; but the forecasts are highly uncertain. After the strict quarantine implemented by authorities in Colombia, the turmoil seen in March and early April, which was evident in the sudden reddening of macroeconomic variables on the risk heatmap in Graph A,[1] and the drop in crude oil and coal prices (note the high volatility registered in market risk for the region on Graph A) the local financial markets stabilized relatively quickly. Banco de la República’s credible and sustained policy response played a decisive role in this stabilization in terms of liquidity provision through a sharp expansion of repo operations (and changes in amounts, terms, counterparties, and eligible instruments), the purchases of public and private debt, and the reduction in bank reserve requirements. In this respect, there is now abundant aggregate liquidity and significant improvements in the liquidity position of investment funds. In this context, the main vulnerability factor for financial stability in the short term is still the high degree of uncertainty surrounding loan quality. First, the future trajectory of the number of people infected and deceased by the virus and the possible need for additional health measures is uncertain. For that reason, there is also uncertainty about the path for economic recovery in the short and medium term. Second, the degree to which the current shock will be reflected in loan quality once the risk materializes in banks’ financial statements is uncertain. For the time being, the credit risk heatmap (Graph B) indicates that non-performing and risky loans have not shown major deterioration, but past experience indicates that periods of sharp economic slowdown eventually tend to coincide with rises in non-performing loans: the calculations included in this report suggest that the impact of the recession on credit quality could be significant in the short term. This is particularly worrying since the profitability of credit establishments has been declining in recent months, and this could affect their ability to provide credit to the real sector of the economy. In order to adopt a forward-looking approach to this vulnerability, this Report presents several stress tests that evaluate the resilience of the liquidity and capital adequacy of credit institutions and investment funds in the event of a hypothetical scenario that seeks to simulate an extreme version of current macroeconomic conditions. The results suggest that even though there could be strong impacts on the credit institutions’ volume of credit and profitability under such scenarios, aggregate indicators of total and core capital adequacy will probably remain at levels that are above the regulatory limits over the horizon of a year. At the same time, the exercises highlight the high capacity of the system's liquidity to face adverse scenarios. In compliance with its constitutional objectives and in coordination with the financial system's security network, Banco de la República will continue to closely monitor the outlook for financial stability at this juncture and will make the decisions that are necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the economy, facilitate the flow of sufficient credit and liquidity resources, and further the smooth operation of the payment systems. Juan José Echavarría Governo

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

XVI International Congress of Control Electronics and Telecommunications: "Techno-scientific considerations for a post-pandemic world intensive in knowledge, innovation and sustainable local development"

Este título, sugestivo por los impactos durante la situación de la Covid 19 en el mundo, y que en Colombia lastimosamente han sido muy críticos, permiten asumir la obligada superación de tensiones sociales, políticas, y económicas; pero sobre todo científicas y tecnológicas. Inicialmente, esto supone la existencia de una capacidad de la sociedad colombiana por recuperar su estado inicial después de que haya cesado la perturbación a la que fue sometida por la catastrófica pandemia, y superar ese anterior estado de cosas ya que se encontraban -y aún se encuentran- muchos problemas locales mal resueltos, medianamente resueltos, y muchos sin resolver: es decir, habrá que rediseñar y fortalecer una probada resiliencia social existente - producto del prolongado conflicto social colombiano superado parcialmente por un proceso de paz exitoso - desde la tecnociencia local; como lo indicaba Markus Brunnermeier - economista alemán y catedrático de economía de la Universidad de Princeton- en su libro The Resilient Society…La cuestión no es preveerlo todo sino poder reaccionar…aprender a recuperarse rápido.This title, suggestive of the impacts during the Covid 19 situation in the world, and which have unfortunately been very critical in Colombia, allows us to assume the obligatory overcoming of social, political, and economic tensions; but above all scientific and technological. Initially, this supposes the existence of a capacity of Colombian society to recover its initial state after the disturbance to which it was subjected by the catastrophic pandemic has ceased, and to overcome that previous state of affairs since it was found -and still is find - many local problems poorly resolved, moderately resolved, and many unresolved: that is, an existing social resilience test will have to be redesigned and strengthened - product of the prolonged Colombian social conflict partially overcome by a successful peace process - from local technoscience; As Markus Brunnermeier - German economist and professor of economics at Princeton University - indicates in his book The Resilient Society...The question is not to foresee everything but to be able to react...learn to recover quickly.Bogot

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Reporte de Estabilidad Financiera - Septiembre de 2016

Al analizar la situación actual de los establecimientos de crédito durante el primer semestre de 2016 (EC), se observó un menor crecimiento en todas las modalidades de cartera, en especial la comercial y la de microcrédito. En cuanto a los indicadores de calidad por riesgo (ICR) y calidad por mora (ICM), se observa un incremento para el primero y un comportamiento relativamente estable para el segundo. Frente a la composición del pasivo, disminuyó la participación de las cuentas de ahorro, las cuentas corrientes y los créditos de bancos, al tiempo que aumentó la contribución de los CDT en todos los plazos. En cuanto a las instituciones financieras no bancarias (IFNB), en junio de 2016 se registró una mayor tasa de crecimiento real anual del total de activos en comparación con lo observado en diciembre de 2015. A pesar de que la mayoría de los portafolios en posición propia tuvieron decrecimientos reales, la dinámica de los portafolios administrados permitió esta aceleración. Su portafolio de inversiones en posición propia se concentró principalmente en títulos de deuda (privada y pública), así como en renta variable local. Frente a la rentabilidad de las IFNB en posición propia, se destaca la caída del ROA para las sociedades comisionistas de bolsa (SCB) y las sociedades fiduciarias (SFD). Por su parte, las comisiones de las primeras han exhibido un decrecimiento real, mientras que para las SFD han crecido, aunque a un ritmo menor al observado hace seis meses

Financial Stability Report - March 2017

Al analizar la situación de los establecimientos de crédito (EC) entre agosto de 2016 y febrero de 2017, se observó un menor crecimiento real de la cartera, explicado principalmente por la dinámica de la cartera comercial. En cuanto a los indicadores de calidad por riesgo (ICR) y calidad por mora (ICM), se presentaron incrementos para todas las modalidades de cartera; sin embargo, estos niveles en general se mantuvieron por debajo de los observados en 2009. Con respecto a la dinámica del pasivo, este continuó con la tendencia decreciente presentada desde el segundo semestre de 2016. Por composición, los certificados de depósito a término (CDT) de mayores plazos y las cuentas de ahorro aumentaron su participación. En cuanto a las instituciones financieras no bancarias (IFNB), en febrero de 2017 se registró una desaceleración de los activos tanto en posición propia como administrada, en comparación con lo observado en agosto de 2016. Con respecto a la composición del portafolio propio y de terceros, las inversiones se concentraron principalmente en títulos de deuda pública y privada de emisores nacionales. Además, en el mismo período se observaron incrementos en el indicador de rentabilidad sobre activos (ROA) para todos los tipos de entidad. El análisis de los principales deudores del sistema financiero muestra que el sector corporativo presentó una disminución en el endeudamiento como porcentaje del PIB durante 2016. En el caso del sector privado, la reducción obedeció a que el endeudamiento con instituciones financieras nacionales creció a un ritmo menor que el producto y a que el fondeo con proveedores del exterior se redujo a causa de la apreciación de la tasa de cambio. En el caso del sector público, la disminución se dio por un menor financiamiento en moneda extranjera con entidades financieras nacionales y por una reducción, debido a la apreciación del peso, del saldo de bonos emitidos en el exterior y del endeudamiento con entidades bilaterales. El endeudamiento de los hogares se aceleró entre agosto de 2016 y febrero de 2017, principalmente en la modalidad de consumo. La dinámica anterior estuvo acompañada de una relativa estabilidad en el indicador de carga financiera calculado a nivel agregado. Por su parte, el ICM y el ICR presentaron incrementos durante este periodo, destacándose el deterioro de los créditos de libre inversión. En relación con el riesgo de mercado, la principal exposición por parte de las entidades financieras estuvo concentrada en el mercado de renta fija. Estos títulos mostraron valorizaciones durante el último semestre de 2016 y los primeros meses de 2017, impulsadas por un mayor apetito por riesgo a nivel mundial y por cambios en la postura de política monetaria local. Durante la segunda mitad de 2016 el mercado de renta variable presentó un comportamiento estable debido a la baja volatilidad del precio del petróleo. El indicador de riesgo de liquidez (IRL) muestra que los EC contaron con niveles adecuados de recursos líquidos para cumplir con sus obligaciones de corto plazo. Por su parte, la dinámica de los pasivos y el patrimonio de los EC continuó con la tendencia decreciente presentada desde mediados de 2015, destacándose la contribución negativa de los depósitos a la vista, las operaciones pasivas del mercado monetario, y los créditos de bancos y obligaciones financieras. Por otro lado, se resalta que los depósitos a término fueron el componente del pasivo que más aportó positivamente al crecimiento real anual del fondeo. Por último, el ejercicio de sensibilidad propuesto evaluó la resiliencia de los EC ante un escenario negativo (y poco probable), con un choque sobre la inversión, una caída en la confianza global sobre la economía colombiana y la materialización de un conjunto de riesgos para el sistema (riesgo de crédito, riesgo de mercado y riesgo de fondeo). Los resultados indican que el impacto del escenario hipotético sobre la solvencia total de los EC tendría una magnitud moderada. Al mismo tiempo, se observarían ciertos efectos negativos sobre el volumen de la cartera, su calidad y la rentabilidad del negocio de intermediación. Lo anterior muestra la importancia de continuar con el monitoreo cuidadoso de la situación financiera de deudores y entidades.The analysis of credit institutions between August 2016 and February 2017 showed a lower real growth of the loan portfolio, mainly explained by commercial loan-portfolio dynamics. The quality and non-performing loan indexes featured increases for all loan portfolio modalities; however, these levels remained below those observed in 2009, in general. As for liabilities, they continued with the declining trend shown since the second half of 2016. By composition, term deposit certificates at longer maturities and savings accounts increased their share. Regarding non-banking financial institutions, a slowdown was registered in assets in February 2016, both in proprietary and third-party positions, compared to that observed in August 2016. Regarding proprietary and third-party loan portfolio compositions, investments mainly concentrated in domestic issuers’ government and private debt securities. In addition, increases in the return on assets index (ROA) for all types of entities were observed in the same period. Analysis of the main debtors of the financial system shows that the corporate sector featured a decrease in debt as GDP percentage during 2016. As for the private sector, this reduction took place since debt with domestic financial institutions grew at a lower rate than the output, and that funding with overseas suppliers was reduced due to exchange-rate appreciation. Regarding the public sector, the decrease was given by lower financing in foreign currency with domestic financial institutions, and by a reduction, due to appreciation of the Colombian peso, of bonds issued abroad, and debt with bilateral entities. Household debt increased between August 2016 and February 2017, mainly in the consumer modality. This dynamics was accompanied by a relative stability in the financial burden indicator calculated at the aggregate level. On the other hand, non-performing loans and quality indexes showed increases during this period, with a highlighted deterioration of personal loans. As for market risk, the main exposure by financial institutions was concentrated in the fixed-income market. These securities exhibited valuations during the latter half of 2016 and the first months of 2017, driven by a greater global appetite for risk and by monetary policy stance changes. Variable yield market had a stable behavior due to oil price low volatility during the second half of 2016. The liquidity risk indicator shows that credit institutions had adequate levels of liquid resources to meet their short-term obligations. On the other hand, credit institutions’ liabilities and equity dynamics continued with the decreasing trend featured since mid-2015, highlighting the negative contributions of demand deposits, money market lending operations, and bank credits and financial obligations. Also, it is noteworthy that term deposits were the item that most positively contributed to funding real annual growth. Finally, the proposed sensitivity tests assessed the resilience of credit institutions to a negative (and unlikely) scenario, with an investment shock, a global confidence decline in the Colombian economy, and the materialization of a set of risks for the system (credit risk, market risk, and funding risk). Results indicate that the impact of the hypothetical scenario on the total solvency of credit institutions would have a moderate magnitude. At the same time, certain negative effects on the volume of the loan portfolio, its quality, and the profitability of the intermediation business would be observed. This shows the importance of continuing with the careful monitoring of the financial situation of debtors and entities

Financial Stability Report - First Semester 2018

1.La recuperación económica ha mitigado gradualmente las principales vulnerabilidades de corto plazo para la estabilidad del sistema financiero. 2.Los establecimientos de crédito continúan manteniendo indicadores sólidos de solvencia y liquidez, pese a la reducción en la rentabilidad y al bajo crecimiento del volumen de crédito. 3.Las principales vulnerabilidades para la estabilidad financiera están asociadas con: •El efecto rezagado del bajo crecimiento económico sobre la materialización del riesgo de crédito. •El riesgo de un menor crecimiento económico en el futuro cercano. 4.Al cierre de 2017 se observan menores incrementos en la cartera riesgosa y vencida del sector corporativo y de los hogares colombianos.1. The recovery of the Colombian economy has gradually mitigated the main short-term vulnerabilities for the financial stability of the system. 2. Credit institutions maintain solid solvency and liquidity indicators, despite the reduction in profitability and the slow growth in the volume of credit. 3. The main vulnerabilities for the financial stability of the Colombian economy at the moment are associated with: - The lagged effect of low economic growth on the materialization of credit risk. - The risk of a return to a path of economic slowdown in the near future. 4. At the closing of 2017, non-performing loans to the corporate sector and Colombian households still showed positive (albeit declining) rates of growth

Reporte de Estabilidad Financiera - Marzo de 2016

Al analizar la situación actual de los establecimientos de crédito (EC), se observó una desaceleración para todas las modalidades de cartera durante el segundo semestre de 2015, principalmente para las de microcrédito y consumo. En cuanto a los indicadores de calidad por riesgo (ICR) y calidad por mora (ICM), se apreció un comportamiento estable para el primero y una mejoría para el segundo. Frente a la composición del pasivo, se evidenció una menor participación de las cuentas de ahorro, corrientes y certificados de depósito a término (CDT) menores a un año, mientras que se resalta una mayor participación de los CDT con plazos mayores a un año y de las fuentes de fondeo no tradicionales (principalmente los créditos de bancos y otras obligaciones financieras, y las operaciones del mercado monetario). Al analizar los indicadores de solvencia, estos se mantuvieron relativamente estables con respecto a lo observado un año atrás. De igual manera, el ROA y el ROE exhibieron un comportamiento estable, y se ubican cerca del promedio de los últimos cinco años