Diet of the Annamese langur (Trachypithecus margarita) (Elliot, 1909) at Takou Nature Reserve, Binh Thuan Province, Vietnam

The Annamese langur (Trachypithecus margarita) was described in 1909 but its ecology, including its feeding behaviour, is still largely unknown. Based on current knowledge of feeding ecology of many Asian langurs, T. margarita is expected to be a generalist herbivore, with seasonal variation in diet. Feeding behaviour of one habituated group of Annamese langurs at Takou Mountain was studied from October 2009 to September 2011. The dietary pattern of these langurs was found to be similar to other Trachypithecus species, which is characterised by a high amount of leaf consumption (54.4% immature leaves, 7.1% mature leaves) and complemented by fruits (29.9%). The Annamese langurs ate plant parts from 31 species belonging to 20 families on Takou Mountain where 689 plant species were known for the mountain. Moraceae is the most important family in the langur's diet with at least 10 species consumed and accounting for 41.1% of feeding time. Based on the current and previous feeding studies of Trachypithecus species, it could be concluded that the genus is a generalist folivore and the dietary pattern is similar among species.</p

Psicología social y moral de COVID-19 en 69 países

La pandemia de COVID-19 ha afectado a todos los ámbitos de la vida humana, incluido el tejido económico y social de las sociedades. Una de las estrategias centrales para gestionar la salud pública a lo largo de la pandemia ha sido el envío de mensajes persuasivos y el cambio de comportamiento colectivo. Para ayudar a los estudiosos a comprender mejor la psicología social y moral que subyace al comportamiento en materia de salud pública, presentamos un conjunto de datos compuesto por 51.404 individuos de 69 países. Este conjunto de datos se recopiló para el proyecto de la Colaboración Internacional en Psicología Social y Moral de COVID-19 (ICSMP COVID-19). Esta encuesta de ciencias sociales invitó a participantes de todo el mundo a completar una serie de medidas morales y psicológicas y actitudes de salud pública sobre COVID-19 durante una fase temprana de la pandemia de COVID-19 (entre abril y junio de 2020). La encuesta incluía siete grandes categorías de preguntas: Creencias sobre COVID-19 y conductas de cumplimiento; identidad y actitudes sociales; ideología; salud y bienestar; creencias morales y motivación; rasgos de personalidad; y variables demográficas. Presentamos los datos brutos y depurados, junto con todos los materiales de la encuesta, las visualizaciones de los datos y las evaluaciones psicométricas de las variables clave.The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all domains of human life, including the economic and social fabric of societies. One of the central strategies for managing public health throughout the pandemic has been through persuasive messaging and collective behaviour change. To help scholars better understand the social and moral psychology behind public health behaviour, we present a dataset comprising of 51,404 individuals from 69 countries. This dataset was collected for the International Collaboration on Social & Moral Psychology of COVID-19 project (ICSMP COVID-19). This social science survey invited participants around the world to complete a series of moral and psychological measures and public health attitudes about COVID-19 during an early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (between April and June 2020). The survey included seven broad categories of questions: COVID-19 beliefs and compliance behaviours; identity and social attitudes; ideology; health and well-being; moral beliefs and motivation; personality traits; and demographic variables. We report both raw and cleaned data, along with all survey materials, data visualisations, and psychometric evaluations of key variables

National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic (vol 13, 517, 2022) : National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic (Nature Communications, (2022), 13, 1, (517), 10.1038/s41467-021-27668-9)

Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2022.In this article the author name ‘Agustin Ibanez’ was incorrectly written as ‘Augustin Ibanez’. The original article has been corrected.Peer reviewe

National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic.

Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = -0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics

Author Correction: National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic

Correction to: Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27668-9, published online 26 January 2022

tCFA15, un inducteur de croissance neuritique (Synthèses et étude pharmacocinétique préliminaire)

Les Facteurs Neurotrophiques Naturels sont des protéines endogènes capables d'induire la survie, la croissance et la différenciation des neurones. Par ces propriétés biologiques, ils sont considérés comme des agents thérapeutiques potentiels de maladies neurodégénératives telles que la maladie d'Alzheimer, de Parkinson ou la sclérose latérale amyotrophique. Leur utilisation clinique reste cependant limitée en raison de problèmes de biodisponibilité et de stabilité. Pour contourner ces difficultés, une des solutions consiste à utiliser des composés lipidiques exogènes capables de mimer l'action biologique des Facteurs Neurotrophiques Naturels. A cet effet, le tCFA15, un alcool gras triméthylcyclohexenonique, a été synthétisé selon une synthèse convergente par un couplage entre une cyclohexénone triméthylée, la 2-éthoxy-2,6,6-triméthyl-cyclohex-2-enone, et l'organolithien issu d'un iodoalcool silylé, le 15-iodo-1-(tertiobutyl-diméthyl-siloxy)-pentadécane. Afin d'étudier les caractéristiques pharmacicinétiques du tCFA15, une synthèse du tCFA15 tritié a été mise au point puis réalisée par le Laboratoire Amersham Pharmacia Biotech (Cardiff). La tritiation a été réalisée par réduction d'un alcool allylique en alcool à l'aide de tritium gazeux. L'étude in vivo de distribution tissulaire du tCFA15 tritié a permis de mettre en évidence sa métabolisation hépatique, son passage dans le cerveau au travers de la barrière hémato-encéphalique, la présence d'un cycle entéro-hépatique et son élimination biliaire.Naturally-occuring Neurotrophic Factors are endogenous polypeptides which are able to promote survival, growth and differentiation of neurons. Because of their biological activities, they are considered to be potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimers' disease, Parkinsons' disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The clinical use of these factors is however still restricted because of their bioavailability and stability. To overcome these difficulties, it has been suggested that small lipidic compounds which are able to mimic the biological activity of these neurotrophic proteins would be ideal targets for research. For this purpose, tCFA15, a trimethylcyclohexenonic fatty alcohol, has been synthesized by a convergent synthesis using a coupling reaction between a trimethylcyclohexenone, the 2-ethoxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-2-enone, and the organolithium of a silyliodoalcohol, the 15-iodo-1-(tertiobutyl-dimethyl-siloxy)-pentadecane. In order to study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of tCFA15, the synthesis of the labelled tCFA15 was developed and then was performed by the Amersham Pharmacia Biotech Laboratory (Cardiff). The tritiation has been accomplished by reduction of an allylic alcohol in alcohol using tritium gas. The in vivo biodistribution study of the labelled tCFA15 has enabled us to demonstrate the hepatic metabolisation of the compound, its crossing into the brain through the blood-brain barrier and its entero-hepatic recirculation and biliary elimination.STRASBOURG-Sc. et Techniques (674822102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Composés hybrides [oméga]-Alcanol / Hydroquinone à activité neurotrophique (Synthèse et étude des propriétés physicochimiques et biologiques)

STRASBOURG-Sc. et Techniques (674822102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Cellules souches et maladies neurodégénératives (Conception et synthèse d'inducteurs de différenciation cellulaire)

Une approche thérapeutique vis-à-vis des maladies neurodégénératives telles que la maladie d'Alzheimer ou la sclérose latérale amyotrophique est d'utiliser la thérapie cellulaire pour remplacer les cellules mortes. Cette approche vise à agir directement sur des cellules souches endogènes et d'orienter leur devenir en contrôlant leur différenciation en neurones. Afin de rechercher des inducteurs de la différenciation neuronale, des molécules neurotrophiques combinant une longue chaîne w-hydroxylée et un noyau anti-oxydant ont été synthétisées. Ces molécules hybrides, appelées alcools gras indoliques (IFA), contiennent un cycle indolique substitué ou non par des groupements méthoxy et un alcool gras à longue chaîne. La méthode de synthèse développée implique un couplage de Wittig entre le 3-indolecarboxaldéhyde et un ylure portant la chaîne alkyle. Ces molécules possèdent une très bonne activité anti-oxydante. De plus, nous avons pu montrer la propriété neurotrophique d'une d'entre elles, le 5MIFA18. Ce composé stimule la différenciation des cellules souches neurales en neurones en agissant sur les précurseurs neuronaux. Une première approche du mécanisme d'action a pu mettre en évidence l'inhibition spécifique de l'expression du gène Notch-4 impliqué dans la voie de signalisation Notch. Au vu des résultats biologiques, une approche différente de synthèse des indoles substitués en C-5 a été envisagée par un couplage de Suzuki. Cependant, l'optimisation de cette voie de synthèse est toujours en cours de réalisation.In a search for inducers of neuronal differentiation to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, a series of indole fatty alcohols (IFA) were synthesised. These molecules combine a long chain w-alkanol with an antioxidant core. Melatonin being a well-known antioxidant, the indole ring bearing or not methoxy groups on the benzene moiety was chosen. A Wittig reaction between indole-3-carboxaldehydes and long chain phosphorous ylides was the key step in the preparation of these IFAs. These compounds were then investigated for their free radical scavenger property and their effect on the differentiation of neural stem cells-derived neurospheres. The presence of the hydroxyl group was essential to increase the antioxidant potency of IFAs compared to melatonin. Additionally, we showed that 5MIFA18 promotes the differentiation of neural stem cells-derived neurospheres into neurons at a concentration of 10 nM. Our results suggest that this effect is likely to exert on neuronal progenitors rather than on uncommitted precursors, with 5MIFA18 promoting their differentiation. This finding supports the notion that this molecule acts as a neurotrophic factor. Analysis of the expression of the Notch pathway genes in neurospheres treated during differentiation with 5MIFA18 revealed a significant decrease in the transcription of Notch 4 gene receptor. We hence develop a new synthesis for C-5 substituted indole fatty alcohols using a Suzuki reaction.STRASBOURG-Sc. et Techniques (674822102) / SudocSudocFranceF