20 research outputs found
Solitons, solitonic vortices, and vortex rings in a confined Bose-Einstein condensate
Quasi-one-dimensional solitons that may occur in an elongated Bose-Einstein
condensate become unstable at high particle density. We study two basic modes
of instability and the corresponding bifurcations to genuinely
three-dimensional solitary waves such as axisymmetric vortex rings and
non-axisymmetric solitonic vortices. We calculate the profiles of the above
structures and examine their dependence on the velocity of propagation along a
cylindrical trap. At sufficiently high velocity, both the vortex ring and the
solitonic vortex transform into an axisymmetric soliton. We also calculate the
energy-momentum dispersions and show that a Lieb-type mode appears in the
excitation spectrum for all particle densities.Comment: RevTeX 9 pages, 9 figure
Nonlinear waves in a cylindrical Bose-Einstein condensate
We present a complete calculation of solitary waves propagating in a steady
state with constant velocity v along a cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein trap
approximated as infinitely-long cylindrical. For sufficiently weak couplings
(densities) the main features of the calculated solitons could be captured by
effective one-dimensional (1D) models. However, for stronger couplings of
practical interest, the relevant solitary waves are found to be hybrids of
quasi-1D solitons and 3D vortex rings. An interesting hierarchy of vortex rings
occurs as the effective coupling constant is increased through a sequence of
critical values. The energy-momentum dispersion of the above structures is
shown to exhibit characteristics similar to a mode proposed sometime ago by
Lieb within a strictly 1D model, as well as some rotonlike features.Comment: 10 pages, 12 figure
Studies of jet quenching using isolated-photon + jet correlations in PbPb and pp collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV
Results from the first study of isolated-photon + jet correlations in
relativistic heavy ion collisions are reported. The analysis uses data from
PbPb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair
corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 150 inverse microbarns recorded by
the CMS experiment at the LHC. For events containing an isolated photon with
transverse momentum pt(gamma) > 60 GeV and an associated jet with pt(Jet) > 30
GeV, the photon + jet pt imbalance is studied as a function of collision
centrality and compared to pp data and PYTHIA calculations at the same
collision energy. Using the pt(gamma) of the isolated photon as an estimate of
the momentum of the associated parton at production, this measurement allows an
unbiased characterisation of the in-medium parton energy loss. For more central
PbPb collisions, a significant decrease in the ratio pt(Jet)/pt(gamma) relative
to that in the PYTHIA reference is observed. Furthermore, significantly more
pt(gamma) > 60 GeV photons in PbPb are observed not to have an associated
pt(Jet) > 30 GeV jet, compared to the reference. However, no significant
broadening of the photon + jet azimuthal correlation is observed.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters
Overview of recent physics results from the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX)
The Psychological Science Accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data
The Psychological Science Accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data
Lithium coatings on NSTX plasma facing components and its effects on boundary control, core plasma performance, and operation
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Plasma Response to Lithium-Coated Plasma-Facing Components in the National Spherical Torus Experiment
Experiments in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) have shown beneficial effects on the performance of divertor plasmas as a result of applying lithium coatings on the graphite and carbonfiber- composite plasma-facing components. These coatings have mostly been applied by a pair of lithium evaporators mounted at the top of the vacuum vessel which inject collimated streams of lithium vapor towards the lower divertor. In NBI-heated, deuterium H-mode plasmas run immediately after the application of lithium, performance modifications included decreases in the plasma density, particularly in the edge, and inductive flux consumption, and increases in the electron and ion temperatures and the energy confinement time. Reductions in the number and amplitude of ELMs were observed, including complete ELM suppression for periods up to 1.2 s, apparently as a result of altering the stability of the edge. However, in the plasmas where ELMs were suppressed, there was a significant secular increase in the effective ion charge Zeff and the radiated power as a result of increases in the carbon and medium-Z metallic impurities, although not of lithium itself which remained at a very low level in the plasma core, <0.1%. The impurity buildup could be inhibited by repetitively triggering ELMs with the application of brief pulses of an n = 3 radial field perturbation. The reduction in the edge density by lithium also inhibited parasitic losses through the scrape-off layer of ICRF power coupled to the plasma, enabling the waves to heat electrons in the core of H-mode plasmas produced by NBI. Lithium has also been introduced by injecting a stream of chemically stabilized, fine lithium powder directly into the scrape-off layer of NBI-heated plasmas. The lithium was ionized in the SOL and appeared to flow along the magnetic field to the divertor plates. This method of coating produced similar effects to the evaporated lithium but at lower amounts
NSTX plasma response to lithium coated divertor
NSTX experiments have explored lithium evaporated on a graphite divertor and other plasma facing components in both L- and H- mode confinement regimes heated by high-power neutral beams. Improvements in plasma performance have followed these lithium depositions, including a reduction and eventual elimination of the HeGDC time between discharges, reduced edge neutral density, reduced plasma density, particularly in the edge and the SOL, increased pedestal electron and ion temperature, improved energy confinement and the suppression of ELMs in the H-mode. However, with improvements in confinement and suppression of ELMs, there was a significant secular increase in the effective ion charge Zeff and the radiated power in H-mode plasmas as a result of increases in the carbon and medium-Z metallic impurities. Lithium itself remained at a very low level in the plasma core, <0.1%. Initial results are reported from operation with a Liquid Lithium Divertor (LLD) recently installed