15 research outputs found
Fat and carbohydrate metabolism during and following hemorrhagic shock in puppies: A comparison of different resuscitation protocols
Shock states continue to carry a high mortality rate in the pediatric age group. Using a puppy model, we measured the initial metabolic response to hemorrhagic shock and to 3 resuscitation regimens: whole blood 1âś1 (replacementâśshed), lactated Ringer's 3âś1, and 5% albumin in lactated Ringer's 1âś1. Despite the immature nature of the puppy's enzyme, cardiovascular, and nervous systems, responses very similar to those in adult animals were seen. Serum glucose and free fatty acids rose during shock and declined with resuscitation as cardiac output returned toward normal. Serum lactate levels rose similarly but continued to rise for a short period after resuscitation and were associated with a further fall in pH consistent with âhidden acidosis.â Only small changes were noted in triglyceride and cholesterol levels. The metabolic responses noted following each of the 3 resuscitation protocols were similar. This study suggests that the immature animal responds to hemorrhagic shock in ways similar to the adult. The better initial hemodynamic response to resuscitation with high-volume lactated Ringer's or lactated Ringer's with 5% albumin was offset by the better buffering capacity of blood resuscitation. All 3 regimens were equally efficacious in providing initial metabolic recovery in this experimental hemorrhagic shock model. Les ĂŠtats de choc s'accompagnent d'une mortalitĂŠ ĂŠlevĂŠe chez les enfants. En ayant recours Ă l'expĂŠrimentation chez le chiot, les auteurs ont mesurĂŠ les modifications mĂŠtaboliques initiales en rĂŠponse au choc hĂŠmoragique et Ă sa correction par 3 agents diffĂŠrents: sang complet (1âś1), solution de Ringer (3âś1) et solution de Ringer enrichie de 5% d'albumine. MalgrĂŠ la nature immature des enzymes du chiot, du système cardio-vasculaire et du système nerveux, les rĂŠponses furent identiques Ă celles observĂŠes chez le chien adulte. Le glucose et les acides gras libres s'ĂŠlevèrent au cours du choc et s'abaissèrent lors de la rĂŠanimation dès que le dĂŠbit cardiaque revint Ă la normale. Les niveaux du lactate sanguin s'ĂŠlevèrent de la mĂŞme manière mais l'ĂŠlĂŠvation continua pendant une courte pĂŠriode après la rĂŠanimation, cependant que le pH s'abaissait, dĂŠmasquant une âacidose cachĂŠeâ. Les taux des triglycĂŠrides et du cholestĂŠrol furent seulement discrètement altĂŠrĂŠs. Les rĂŠponses mĂŠtaboliques ĂŠtudiĂŠes en fonction des 3 mĂŠthodes de rĂŠanimation furent identiques. Cette ĂŠtude suggère que le chiot rĂŠpond de la mĂŞme façon que le chien adulte au choc hĂŠmorragique et que les 3 mĂŠthodes de rĂŠanimation employant chacune des agents diffĂŠrents ont une efficacitĂŠ identique. Los estados shock mantienen una elevada mortalidad en los grupos de edad pediĂĄtrica. Utilizando un modelo de shock en cachorros, se determinĂł la respuesta metabĂłlica inicial al shock hemorrĂĄgico y a tres diferentes regimenes de resucitaciĂłn: sangre total 1âś1 (reemplazo: pĂŠrdida), lactato de Ringer 3âś1, y albĂşmina al 5% en lactato de Ringer 1âś1. A pesar de la naturaleza inmadura de los sistemas enzimĂĄtico, cardiovascular y nervioso del cachorro, las respuestas fueron muy similares a las observadas en animales adultos. La glucosa sĂŠrica y los ĂĄcidos grasos libres ascendieron durante el shock y declinarion en la medida que el dĂŠbito cardiaco retornaba a lo normal. Los niveles de lactato sĂŠrico ascendieron en forma similar, pero continuaron su ascenso por un corto periodo de tiempo despuĂŠs de la resucitaciĂłn, encontrĂĄndose asociados con una caida adicional del pH consistente con âacidosis ocultaâ. SĂłlo se presentaron cambios leves en los niveles de triglicĂŠridos y colesterol. Las respuestas metabĂłlicas observadas en cada uno de los tres protocolos de resucitaciĂłn fueron similares. Este estudio sugiere que el animal inmaduro responde al shock hemorrĂĄgico de manera similar al adulto. La mejor respuesta hemodinĂĄmica inicial a la resucitaciĂłn con altos volĂşmenes de lactato de Ringer o con lactato de Ringer con albĂşmina al 5%, fue compensada con una mejor capacidad de amortiguaciĂłn observada en la resucitaciĂłn con sangre. Los tres regimenes fueron igualmente eficaces en lograr la recuperaciĂłn metabĂłlica inicial en este modelo experimental de shock hemorrĂĄgico.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/41311/1/268_2005_Article_BF01655348.pd
Carbamide peroxide gel stability under different temperature conditions: is manipulated formulation an option?
Nowadays the use of gel containing carbamide peroxide (CP) prepared in Pharmacy is a normal practice in the population. However, the quality of this product is questionable concerning its stability. The aim of this study is was to synthesize and to analyze this drug alone or associated to Carbopol gel through analytical methodology compatible with the routine of the Pharmacies. The reaction between urea and hydrogen peroxide was carried out at different resting times: 24 hours (CP 24 powder) and 48 hours (CP48 powder) after the mixture. Both products were associated with Carbopol 940ÂŽ gel 1.5% (G) generating G24 and G48 samples. The stability of powders (CP24 e CP48) and the formulations (G24 and G48) were evaluated as a function of time (15, 40 and 45 days) and thermal variation (refrigeration: 8 °CÂą1; thermal shock 32 °CÂą1 /8 °CÂą1; stove: 32 °CÂą1), using a standard titration method. As a result, only under refrigeration the CP24 and CP48 contents remained stable during the period of 45 days. An interesting finding was that G24 and G48 presented greater stability for at least 45-days under refrigeration and thermal shock conditions, and up to 30 days under stove conditions. The results for the G24 and G48 were slightly higher than those obtained for the control. Therefore, we were able to conclude that association with Carbopol 940ÂŽ Gel 1.5 % provided greater CP stability and that manipulated formulations containing CP may be viable for use in a period of 45 days under refrigeration conditions. The titration proved to be an effective technique for the analysis of CP with or without Carbopol 940ÂŽ gel 1.5%.Atualmente, a utilização de gel contendo perĂłxido de carbamida manipulado em FarmĂĄcia ĂŠ uma prĂĄtica comum na população. No entanto, a qualidade deste produto ĂŠ questionada, sobretudo no que se refere Ă estabilidade deste fĂĄrmaco. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste na avaliação da viabilidade de sintetizar e analisar quantitativamente este fĂĄrmaco associado ou nĂŁo a um gel de Carbopol atravĂŠs de metodologia analĂtica compatĂvel com a rotina das FarmĂĄcias. A reação entre a urĂŠia e o perĂłxido de hidrogĂŞnio foi realizada em tempos diferentes de repouso apĂłs a mistura, 24 h para sintetizar o pĂł PC 24 e 48 h para o pĂł CP 48. Estes pĂłs foram associados a um gel (G) de Carbopol 940ÂŽ 1,5 %, originando as amostras G24 e G48. A estabilidade dos pĂłs (PC 24 e PC 48) e das formulaçþes (G 24 e G 48) foi avaliada em função do tempo (15, 40 e 45 dias) e da variação tĂŠrmica (refrigeração: 8 °CÂą1; choque tĂŠrmico: 32 °CÂą1/8 °CÂą1 e estufa: 32 °CÂą1), atravĂŠs da tĂŠcnica de titulometria. Os resultados indicam que unicamente sob refrigeração o CP24 e o CP 48 mantiveram-se estĂĄveis no perĂodo de 45 dias. O G24 e o G48 apresentaram estĂĄveis por pelo menos 45 dias nas condiçþes de refrigeração e choque tĂŠrmico e por 30 dias na condição estufa. Os resultados obtidos para o G24 e G48 foram ligeiramente superiores aos obtidos para o controle. AlĂŠm disso, ĂŠ possĂvel concluir que a associação do PC com o gel de Carbopol 940ÂŽ 1,5 % promoveu um aumento na estabilidade do PC e que as preparaçþes manipuladas contendo PC sĂŁo viĂĄveis para uso durante um perĂodo de 45 sob refrigeração. A titulometria mostrou-se uma tĂŠcnica eficaz para a anĂĄlise do PC associado ou nĂŁo ao gel de Carbopol 940ÂŽ 1,5%
Measurements of inclusive W and Z cross sections in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
This is the pre-print version of the Published Article, which can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2011 Springer VerlagMeasurements of inclusive W and Z boson production cross sections in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV are presented, based on 2.9 inverse picobarns of data recorded by the CMS detector at the LHC. The measurements, performed in the electron and muon decay channels, are combined to give sigma(pp to WX) times B(W to muon or electron + neutrino) = 9.95 \pm 0.07(stat.) \pm 0.28(syst.) \pm 1.09(lumi.) nb and sigma(pp to ZX) times B(Z to oppositely charged muon or electron pairs) = 0.931 \pm 0.026(stat.) \pm 0.023(syst.) \pm 0.102(lumi.) nb. Theoretical predictions, calculated at the next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD using recent parton distribution functions, are in agreement with the measured cross sections. Ratios of cross sections, which incur an experimental systematic uncertainty of less than 4%, are also reported
Measurement of dijet angular distributions and search for quark compositeness in pp collisions at âs=7TeV
Dijet angular distributions are measured over a wide range of dijet invariant masses in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV, at the CERN LHC. The event sample, recorded with the CMS detector, corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb(-1). The data are found to be in good agreement with the predictions of perturbative QCD, and yield no evidence of quark compositeness. With a modified frequentist approach, a lower limit on the contact interaction scale for left-handed quarks of Lambda(+) = 5.6 TeV (Lambda(-) = 6.7 TeV) for destructive (constructive) interference is obtained at the 95% confidence level
Realising Team-Working in the Field: An Agent-based Approach
Multi-agent systems technology is applied to enable co-operation between mobile workers in the field, minimising user intervention and increasing reachability. A component-based approach is taken to simplify the management of deployed co-operation services. A Personal Assistant running on a mobile device is introduced to show how an intelligent and autonomous agent can increase the utility of users during workforce co-operation processes. Finally, a real world trial of the technology by network installation and maintenance engineers in the UK is described. Some technical issues revealed during the trial are discussed, as is the impact of the technology on the business process
Dissolution test of herbal medicines containing Paullinia cupana: validation of methods for quantification and assessment of dissolution
"GuaranĂĄ" (Paullinia cupana) is used as a physical activity enhancer and stimulator due to its methylxanthines and condensed tannins. The aim of this work was to evaluate the dissolution behavior of five herbal medicines in the form of capsules and tablets containing guaranĂĄ. Assay and dissolution methods were validated and results obtained allowed simultaneous marker quantification with precision, accuracy, selectivity and robustness. Findings showed that 100% of the herbal medicinal products analyzed did not provide satisfactory results concerning the presence of four markers, 60% had three markers (caffeine, catechin and epicatechin), while 40% had only caffeine at tested dosage forms. In addition, after 30 minutes, only capsule A showed at least 80% of the dissolved markers. In other capsules, marker dissolution did not exceed 60% whereas 60% of the samples had some characteristic pharmacotechnical problems. These results evidence the need for rigorous quality control to help ensure the therapeutic action of these drugs. To this end, dissolution studies are an essential tool for quality assurance of herbal medicines.<br>GuaranĂĄ (Paullinia cupana) ĂŠ utilizado como revigorante e estimulante devido Ă presença de metilxantinas e taninos condensados. Este trabalho visou avaliar o comportamento de dissolução de cinco fitoterĂĄpicos, na forma de cĂĄpsulas e comprimidos, contendo guaranĂĄ. O mĂŠtodo de quantificação e de dissolução foram validados e os resultados obtidos permitiram a quantificação dos marcadores simultaneamente, com precisĂŁo, exatidĂŁo, seletividade e robustez. Foi verificado que 100% dos fitoterĂĄpicos analisados encontravam em desacordo quanto Ă presença dos quatro marcadores, sendo que 60% apresentaram trĂŞs marcadores (cafeĂna, catequina e epicatequina) e 40% apresentaram somente a cafeĂna. AlĂŠm disso, apĂłs o tempo de 30 minutos de ensaio foi possĂvel observar que somente a cĂĄpsula A apresentou pelo menos 80% dos marcadores dissolvidos. Nas demais cĂĄpsulas o comportamento de dissolução apresentado pelos marcadores nĂŁo ultrapassou 60% e, alĂŠm disso, 60% das amostras apresentaram alguns problemas farmacotĂŠcnicos caracterĂsticos. Frente aos resultados obtidos torna-se evidente a necessidade de um rigoroso controle de qualidade que contribua para assegurar a ação terapĂŞutica desses medicamentos e, nesse sentido, o estudo de dissolução constitui uma ferramenta essencial para a garantia de qualidade dos fitoterĂĄpicos