Efficacy of 30% and 38% Silver Diamine Fluoride in Arresting Caries Lesions After Different Application Times: An in Vitro Study

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in arresting dentin caries lesions when applied under different concentrations and times. Material and Methods: Forty-two bovine blocks were selected and fixed in 24-well plates. Each well received a mixed bacterial inoculum added to the culture medium with 5% sucrose. The plates were incubated in microaerophilia (7 days) for caries formation, confirmed by micro-CT (M1). SDF was applied over the carious lesions for different times and concentrations (n=6): SDF 30% - immediate removal, 1 minute and 3 minutes; SDF 38%, - immediate removal, 1 minute and 3 minutes. The group without treatment was the control. Then, the samples were again scanned by micro-CT (M2) and submitted to a second cariogenic challenge for 21 days. Then, a final scan was performed (M3). Results: Mean pH at the culture medium and lesion depth were compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests. 38% SDF showed the lowest metabolic activity of the biofilm. All 38% groups and 30% 1 and 3 minutes did not show an increase in mean lesion depth comparing M3 with M1. However, only 30% 3 minutes and 38% 1 and 3 minutes showed a significant reduction of lesion depth. Conclusion: The minimum application time of 30% SDF to arrest dentin caries lesion was 1 minute, while 38% SDF arrested with application and immediate removal

CONCEPTION OF NULLIPAROUS ON LABOR OBSTETRIC AND DELIVERY

OBJETIVO: Analisar a concepção das nulíparas sobre o trabalho de parto e o parto. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, com 10 nulíparas atendidas em consulta pré-natal em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde. A análise foi realizada a partir da técnica do DSC. RESULTADOS:Todas as gestantes entrevistadas sabem os tipos de parto, e mesmo assim relatam que o seu conhecimento é insuficiente, e uma consequencia disso é o fato que a maioria delas não reconhecem ao certo os sinais de parto. Muitas relatam que os conhecimentos que elas possuem, foram adquiridos a partir os familiares, e do enfermeiro da unidade. Em relação as expectativas do parto, as mesmas esperam que seja sem dor, tranqüilo e normal. CONCLUSÃO: Os objetivos propostos foram atendidos. A partir das concepções pode-se considerar a pesquisa relevante, pois é importante o entendimento sobre as concepções para que sejam traçadas estratégias que possam ampliá-las

CONCEPTION OF NULLIPAROUS ON LABOR OBSTETRIC AND DELIVERY

OBJETIVO: Analisar a concepção das nulíparas sobre o trabalho de parto e o parto. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, com 10 nulíparas atendidas em consulta pré-natal em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde. A análise foi realizada a partir da técnica do DSC. RESULTADOS:Todas as gestantes entrevistadas sabem os tipos de parto, e mesmo assim relatam que o seu conhecimento é insuficiente, e uma consequencia disso é o fato que a maioria delas não reconhecem ao certo os sinais de parto. Muitas relatam que os conhecimentos que elas possuem, foram adquiridos a partir os familiares, e do enfermeiro da unidade. Em relação as expectativas do parto, as mesmas esperam que seja sem dor, tranqüilo e normal. CONCLUSÃO: Os objetivos propostos foram atendidos. A partir das concepções pode-se considerar a pesquisa relevante, pois é importante o entendimento sobre as concepções para que sejam traçadas estratégias que possam ampliá-las

Programa Audiologia na Escola - Educação Continuada e Saúde Auditiva: Audiology at School Program - Continuing Education and Hearing Health

RESUMO O presente artigo discorre sobre o Programa Audiologia na Escola: Educação Continuada e Saúde Auditiva, da Universidade de Brasília, Campus Ceilândia, que desenvolve ações com pré-escolares e escolares de triagem auditiva e do processamento auditivo e atividades que buscam estimular as habilidades auditivas, desenvolve atividades com professores e alunos do ensino médio acerca dos efeitos do uso excessivo de ruídos externos e de fones de ouvido, triagem auditiva em crianças com TEA na ANDE e em trabalhadores do CIR/DF, realizando também a medição de ruído do ambiente através do decibelímetro nesse local, além de trabalhos informativos via redes sociais. Aproximadamente 300 alunos do 1º e 2º ano do Ensino Fundamental já passaram pelo processo de triagem e sessões de estimulação, 16 crianças com TEA passaram pelas etapas de ASPA e EOA, sendo o último realizado com 59 trabalhadores. Ambientado nas redes, o Instagram do projeto contém 877 seguidores e possui 193 publicações. Os resultados obtidos proporcionam aos alunos a devida prevenção ou aprimoramento do processamento auditivo, contribuindo significativamente na atuação dos educadores e na aquisição e desenvolvimento da aprendizagem. Dessa forma, a estimulação precoce é adequada para o aperfeiçoamento das habilidades auditivas, tal como as ações de promoção e prevenção que o projeto realiza. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Audiologia, estimulação, estudantes, saúde do trabalhador. ABSTRACT This article discusses the Audiology at School Program: Continuing Education and Hearing Health, from the University of Brasília, Campus Ceilândia, which develops hearing screening and auditory processing actions with preschoolers and schoolchildren and activities that seek to stimulate auditory skills, develops activities with teachers and high school students about the effects of excessive use of external noise and headphones, hearing screening in children with ASD at ANDE and in CIR/DF workers, also carrying out the measurement of ambient noise through the decibel meter in this place, in addition to informative works via social networks. Approximately 300 students from the 1st and 2nd year of Elementary School have already gone through the screening process and stimulation sessions, 16 children with ASD have gone through the ASPA and EOA stages, the last one being carried out with 59 workers. Set in networks, the project’s Instagram has 877 followers and 193 publications. The results obtained provide students with the proper prevention or improvement of auditory processing, contributing significantly to the performance of educators and to the acquisition and development of learning. Thus, early stimulation is suitable for the improvement of auditory skills, as well as the promotion and prevention actions that the project carries out. KEYWORDS: Students, audiology, stimulation, occupational health

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost