Klinička procjena intranazalne primjene midazolama i reverzibilnih učinaka flumazenila u euroazijskog škanjca običnog (Buteo buteo)

Midazolam, the most commonly used drug in birds, has sedative, muscle relaxant, anxiolytic, amnestic, and appetite-enhancing effects. In this study, we aimed to reach the proper sedation level with intranasal (IN) administration of midazolam, and quick and safe recovery with intranasal flumazenil application after a certain period of time. The buzzards in the experiment reached the desired and controllable sedation at 6.7 ± 1.6 min after administration of IN midazolam at a dose of 2 mg / kg of body weight. In the saline group (%0.9 NaCl), the doses of midazolam and flumazenil calculated according to their weight were administered intranasally as 0.9% NaCl. The heart rate was 290.4 ± 17.81 and 294.8 ± 18.19 beats/min in the midazolam group, and 300.8 ± 17.76 beats/min in the saline group. Cloacal temperature was 41.42 ± 07, 41.39 ± 0.85 °C in the midazolam group and 41.6 ± 0.45 °C in the saline group. The respiratory rate was 48.8 ± 4.5, 47.1 ± 4.3 breaths/min in the midazolam group and 54.6 ± 2.7 breaths/min in the saline group. Flumazenil was used as an antagonist at 0.05 mg/kg intranasally, and after 14.1 ± 1.8 minutes the sedation effect disappeared. Then the buzzards returned to their standard behavior. In conclusion, we suggest IN use of midazolam and use of flumazenil for faster recovery in buzzards as a simple, fast, practical, and economical mode of sedation for minimally invasive procedures.Midazolam, koji se najčešće upotrebljava u ptica, ima sedativni učinak, miorelaksans je, anksio-litik, amnestik te poboljšava apetit. U ovom se istraživanju nastojala postići odgovarajuća sedacija intranazalnom primjenom (IN) midazolama te brz i siguran oporavak primjenom intranazalnog flumazenila poslije određenog vremena. U škanjaca je postignuta željena sedacija 6,7 ± 1,6 minuta poslije intranazalne primjene midazolama u dozi od 2 mg/kg tjelesne mase. U skupini kojoj je da-vana fiziološka otopina (0,9%-tni NaCl), doze midazolama i flumazenila izračunate su prema tjelesnoj masi jedinki i primijenjene intranazalno kao 0,9%-tni NaCl. Srčani su otkucaji bili 290,4 ± 17,81 i 294,8 ± 18,19 u minuti u skupini s midazolamom i 300,8 ± 17,76 otkucaja u minuti u skupini s fiziološkom otopinom. Temperatura kloake bila je 41,42 ± 0,7, 41,39 ± 0,85 °C u skupini s midazolamom i 41,6 ± 0,45 °C u skupini s fiziološkom otopinom. Brzina disanja bila je 48,8 ± 4,5, 47,1 ± 4,3 udaha u minuti u skupini s midazolamom i 54,6 ± 2,7 u skupini koja je dobivala fiziološku otopinu. Flumazenil je primijenjen kao antagonist u dozi od 0,05 mg/kg intranazalno, a poslije 14,1 ± 1,8 minuta sedativni je učinak nestao. Nakon toga škanjci su se uobičajeno ponašali. Zaključeno je da se intranazalna primjena midazolama i flumazenila za brz oporavak može pre-poručiti u škanjaca kao jednostavan, brz, praktičan i ekonomičan postupak sedacije u minimalnoinvazivnim zahvatima

Primary Pancreatic Lymphoma or Secondary Involvement: What Is the Difference?

No abstract available.Image: A mass of the pancreas invading the nearby surrounding soft tissues

A Turkish Gynecologic Oncology Group study of fertility-sparing treatment for early-stage endometrial cancer

Objective: To analyze the results of fertility-sparing treatment of early-stage endometrial cancer (EC) in patients treated at Turkish gynecologic oncology centers, and to present a review of the literature. Methods: Thirteen healthcare centers in Turkey were contacted to determine if they were eligible to participate in the study. Centers that were eligible and agreed to participate were sent a database form to record the demographic characteristics, clinicopathologic findings, and follow-up results for their EC patients. Results: Eleven Turkish healthcare centers provided data on 43 EC patients. Mean duration of treatment was 5 months and mean follow-up was 49 months. In total, 35 (81.4%) patients were tumor free following primary progesterone therapy. Mean time from the end of progesterone therapy to pregnancy was 10.6 +/- 4.3 months (range, 3-18 months). Two patients had tumor recurrence during follow-up. The pregnancy rate among the 31 women who actively sought pregnancy was 41.9% (n = 13). Conclusion: Conservative management of early-stage EC in women of reproductive age using oral progestins was effective and did not compromise oncological outcome. Pregnancy in the study patients was achieved spontaneously and artificially. (C) 2012 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved