4,777 research outputs found
A spatially explicit model for competition among specialists and generalists in a heterogeneous environment
Competition is a major force in structuring ecological communities. The
strength of competition can be measured using the concept of a niche. A niche
comprises the set of requirements of an organism in terms of habitat,
environment and functional role. The more niches overlap, the stronger
competition is. The niche breadth is a measure of specialization: the smaller
the niche space of an organism, the more specialized the organism is. It
follows that, everything else being equal, generalists tend to be more
competitive than specialists. In this paper, we compare the outcome of
competition among generalists and specialists in a spatial versus a nonspatial
habitat in a heterogeneous environment. Generalists can utilize the entire
habitat, whereas specialists are restricted to their preferred habitat type. We
find that although competitiveness decreases with specialization, specialists
are more competitive in a spatial than in a nonspatial habitat as patchiness
increases.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051606000000394 in the
Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute
of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Spatially explicit non-Mendelian diploid model
We introduce a spatially explicit model for the competition between type
and type alleles. Each vertex of the -dimensional integer lattice is
occupied by a diploid individual, which is in one of three possible states or
genotypes: , or . We are interested in the long-term behavior of
the gene frequencies when Mendel's law of segregation does not hold. This
results in a voter type model depending on four parameters; each of these
parameters measures the strength of competition between genes during meiosis.
We prove that with or without a spatial structure, type and type
alleles coexist at equilibrium when homozygotes are poor competitors. The
inclusion of a spatial structure, however, reduces the parameter region where
coexistence occurs.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-AAP598 the Annals of
Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Polynominals related to powers of the Dedekind eta function
The vanishing properties of Fourier coefficients of integral powers of the Dedekind eta function correspond to the existence of integral roots of integer-valued polynomials Pn(x) introduced by M. Newman. In this paper we study the derivatives of these polynomials. We obtain non-vanishing results at integral points. As an application we prove that integral roots are simple if the index n of the polynomial is equal to a prime power pm or to pm + 1. We obtain a formula for the derivative of Pn(x) involving the polynomials of lower degree
Stochastic spatial models of host-pathogen and host-mutualist interactions I
Mutualists and pathogens, collectively called symbionts, are ubiquitous in
plant communities. While some symbionts are highly host-specific, others
associate with multiple hosts. The outcomes of multispecies host-symbiont
interactions with different degrees of specificity are difficult to predict at
this point due to a lack of a general conceptual framework. Complicating our
predictive power is the fact that plant populations are spatially explicit, and
we know from past research that explicit space can profoundly alter plant-plant
interactions. We introduce a spatially explicit, stochastic model to
investigate the role of explicit space and host-specificity in multispecies
host-symbiont interactions. We find that in our model, pathogens can
significantly alter the spatial structure of plant communities, promoting
coexistence, whereas mutualists appear to have only a limited effect. Effects
are more pronounced the more host-specific symbionts are.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051605000000782 in the
Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute
of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Radiative transitions of the helium atom in highly magnetized neutron star atmospheres
Recent observations of thermally emitting isolated neutron stars revealed
spectral features that could be interpreted as radiative transitions of He in a
magnetized neutron star atmosphere. We present Hartree-Fock calculations of the
polarization-dependent photoionization cross sections of the He atom in strong
magnetic fields ranging from 10^12 G to 10^14 G. Convenient fitting formulae
for the cross sections are given as well as related oscillator strengths for
various bound-bound transitions. The effects of finite nucleus mass on the
radiative absorption cross sections are examined using perturbation theory.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures. Minor changes. MNRAS in pres
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