Espiritualidade no ensino: a perspectiva dos discentes de uma universidade pública da área da saúde

Spirituality is a complex and multidimensional part of the human experience, with each person's inherent basis of the meaning and purpose of life, found in all cultures. The consideration of the human being in an integral way, represents an important aspect of health professionals training. The recognition of the importance of spirituality in health has grown, but little is taught or applied for professional practice. The vast majority of undergraduate and graduate courses do not develop content related to spirituality in their curricula. The aim of this study was to investigate the understanding of students at the Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, regarding to the theme spirituality in education and health, through the analysis of the presence or absence of the theme in the academic curriculum and how they assess the relevance of the theme. This is a cross-sectional study with the population of undergraduate and graduate students at the Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre. The collection took place from October 2016 to November 2019, using questionnaires in printed format. A total of 632 students answered the questionnaire, and 65.7% of whom believe that it is pertinent to address aspects related to “spirituality” in academic training. It is concluded that students from different courses and grades recognize the relevance of the study of spirituality in health, however, the lack of this content during academic training results in ignorance and insecurity to approach the topic with patients.A espiritualidade é uma parte complexa e multidimensional da experiência humana, com base inerente de cada pessoa do significado e do propósito de vida, encontrada em todas as culturas. A consideração do ser humano de forma integral, representa um aspecto importante da formação dos profissionais da saúde. Tem crescido o reconhecimento da importância da espiritualidade na saúde, mas pouco se ensina ou se aplica na prática aos profissionais desta área. Os cursos de graduação e de pós-graduação, na sua grande maioria, não desenvolvem conteúdos relacionados à espiritualidade nos seus currículos. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi investigar a compreensão dos discentes da Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre a respeito do tema espiritualidade na educação e na saúde, por meio da análise de presença ou ausência da abordagem do tema espiritualidade no currículo acadêmico, e de como estes avaliam a pertinência do tema. Trata-se de um estudo transversal que tem como população os discentes dos Cursos de Graduação e Pós-Graduação da Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre. Realizou-se a coleta de outubro de 2016 a novembro de 2019, utilizando-se questionários em formato impresso. Um total de 632 alunos responderam ao questionário, e 65,7% destes entendem que é pertinente abordar aspectos relacionados à “espiritualidade” na formação acadêmica. Conclui-se que os discentes dos diferentes cursos e séries reconhecem a relevância do estudo da espiritualidade na saúde, entretanto, a carência deste conteúdo durante a formação acadêmica resulta em desconhecimento e insegurança para abordar o tema com os pacientes.

Impacto do uso de cigarros eletrônicos na evolução clínica de pacientes infectados pela Covid-19 / Impact of electronic cigarette use on the clinical evolution of patients infected by Covid-19

A pandemia da COVID-19 demonstrou ser um evento de alta morbimortalidade que afetou o mundo drasticamente. Verifica-se que os indivíduos de maior susceptibilidade aos maiores danos relacionados a doença são pessoas com comorbidades e hábitos de vida nocivos. Os cigarros eletrônicos na última década tiveram maciça popularização, de modo importante, entre a população mais jovem. Nesse contexto, o uso dos cigarros eletrônicos se mostrou como importante promotor de resposta inflamatória sistêmica no organismo que gera importantes danos, tanto isoladamente quanto em associação com a infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2. O presente estudo objetivou realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre os impactos do uso de cigarros eletrônicos e o quadro clínico de pacientes contaminados pela COVID-19. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica realizada por meio de buscas nos bancos de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), National Library of Medicine (PubMed) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). As palavras-chave utilizadas foram “covid-19”, “vape” e “sintomas” e seus correspondentes em inglês associados ao operador booleano AND. Na literatura pesquisada foram encontradas evidências que relacionam o uso de cigarros eletrônicos ao pior prognóstico em caso de infecção pela COVID-19. Usuários dos referidos dispositivos apresentaram maior probabilidade de contaminação pelo vírus e frequência maior de sintomas tais como dor ou aperto no peito (16% vs 10%, usuários vs não usuários, P  = 0,005), calafrios (25% vs 19%, usuários vs não usuários, P  = 0,0016), mialgia (39% vs 32%, usuários vs não usuários, P  = 0,004), dores de cabeça (49% vs 41% usuários vs não usuários, P  = 0,026), anosmia/disgeusia (37% vs 30 %, usuários vs não usuários, P  = 0,009), náusea/vômito/dor abdominal (16% vs 10%, usuários vs não usuários, P = 0,003), diarreia (16% vs 10%, usuários vs não usuários, P  = 0,004) e tontura não grave (16% vs 9%, usuários vs não usuários, P  < 0,001). Os cigarros eletrônicos se tornaram um real problema de saúde pública, que no atual momento de pandemia deve ser encarado com seriedade para a redução da morbimortalidade da doença

ANESTESIA GERAL EM PARTO CESÁREA: IMPACTO NAS REPERCUSSÕES NEONATAIS

This study reviewed the relationship between the use of general anesthesia in cesarean deliveries and its consequences for neonatal health. It was found that general anesthesia is often avoided due to its potential risks to the mother, including high rates of maternal morbidity and mortality. Although preference has shifted towards regional techniques due to their safety, the decision between general and regional anesthesia remains crucial, especially in emergency cases. In addition to the risks for the mother, the type of anesthesia also affects the newborn's health, with general anesthesia being associated with a higher risk of neonatal respiratory depression. However, reviewed studies showed divergent results regarding the effects of general anesthesia on neonatal morbidity. Therefore, an individualized and careful approach in choosing anesthesia is essential, considering the benefits and risks for both mother and baby. Further research is needed to fully clarify these effects and guide clinical practice, aiming for safer and more effective obstetric care.Este estudio revisó la relación entre el uso de anestesia general en cesáreas y sus consecuencias para la salud neonatal. Se encontró que la anestesia general a menudo se evita debido a sus posibles riesgos para la madre, incluidas las altas tasas de morbimortalidad materna. Aunque la preferencia ha cambiado hacia técnicas regionales debido a su seguridad, la decisión entre anestesia general y regional sigue siendo crucial, especialmente en casos de emergencia. Además de los riesgos para la madre, el tipo de anestesia también afecta la salud del recién nacido, con la anestesia general asociada a un mayor riesgo de depresión respiratoria neonatal. Sin embargo, los estudios revisados mostraron resultados divergentes en relación con los efectos de la anestesia general en la morbilidad neonatal. Por lo tanto, es esencial un enfoque individualizado y cuidadoso en la elección de la anestesia, considerando los beneficios y riesgos tanto para la madre como para el bebé. Se necesita más investigación para aclarar completamente estos efectos y guiar la práctica clínica, con el objetivo de brindar una atención obstétrica más segura y efectiva.  Este estudo revisou a relação entre o uso de anestesia geral em cesarianas e suas consequências para a saúde neonatal. Descobriu-se que a anestesia geral é frequentemente evitada devido aos seus potenciais riscos para a mãe, incluindo altas taxas de morbimortalidade materna. Embora a preferência tenha se voltado para técnicas regionais devido a sua segurança, a decisão entre anestesia geral e regional continua sendo crucial, especialmente em casos de emergência. Além dos riscos para a mãe, o tipo de anestesia também afeta a saúde do recém-nascido, com a anestesia geral associada a um maior risco de depressão respiratória neonatal. No entanto, os estudos revisados mostraram resultados divergentes em relação aos efeitos da anestesia geral na morbidade neonatal. Portanto, uma abordagem individualizada e cuidadosa na escolha da anestesia é essencial, considerando os benefícios e riscos para mãe e bebê. Mais pesquisas são necessárias para esclarecer completamente esses efeitos e orientar a prática clínica, visando uma assistência obstétrica mais segura e eficaz

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora