Cabaran menjayakan penyusuan cetusan bagi pemahraman anak angkat dalam kalangan ibu angkat muslim di Lembah Klang

Islam menyarankan agar melaksanakan penyusuan ke atas anak angkat di mana ibu angkat boleh memahramkan anak angkatnya melalui penyusuan susu ibu sebelum anak berusia 2 tahun. Proses mencetuskan susu ibu bagi wanita yang tidak pernah melahirkan dan menyusukan bayi disebut sebagai penyusuan cetusan dan ia bukanlah suatu perkara yang mudah bagi wanita atau isteri yang belum berjaya memperolehi zuriat hasil dari hubungan perkahwinan mereka kerana mereka ini tidak pernah hamil dan tidak pernah melahirkan anak. Mereka menghadapi pelbagai cabaran dan rintangan semasa menjalani proses penyusuan cetusan kerana proses pembentukan dan kematangan kelenjar mamari seperti yang dialami semasa proses kehamilan tidak pernah berlaku kepada mereka sebelum ini. Justeru itu, kertas kerja ini akan menjelaskan cabaran-cabaran dan pengalaman yang dialami oleh ibu angkat sepanjang menjalani proses penyusuan cetusan untuk memahramkan anak angkatnya. Reka bentuk kajian ini adalah berbentuk kualitatif. Kaedah temu bual semi struktur dijalankan ke atas enam orang ibu angkat muslim yang berjaya menyusukan anak angkat dan melengkapkan 5 kali penyusuan kenyang bagi mencapai mahram. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan beberapa bentuk cabaran telah dikenalpasti dan dikategorikan dalam 2 bentuk iaitu Cabaran Dalaman dan Cabaran Luaran. Cabaran dalaman diri dikategorikan kepada 6 komponen iaitu (1)Komitment, (2)Emosi, (3)Keraguan diri, (4) Kurang Ilmu, (5)Masalah fizikal dan (6)Kekangan kewangan. Manakala cabaran luaran telah dikategorikan kepada 4 komponen iaitu (1)Kesukaran akses khidmat nasihat yang betul, (2)Masalah tempat kerja, (3) Masalah anak, dan (4) Stigma Masyarakat. Kertas kerja ini diharap dapat memberikan panduan kepada ibu bapa angkat yang ingin menjalani proses penyusuan cetusan bagi tujuan mencapai mahram. Disamping dapat memberikan input kepada para masyarakat serta professional kesihatan dalam memberi sokongan dan motivasi kepada ibu angkat muslim yang ingin memahramkam anak angkat untuk memenuhi anjuran Islam bagi mewujudkan sebuah keluarga angkat susuan

Adressing household wellbeing through maqasid shariah: a micro perspective / Sharifah Adlina Tuan Sayed Amran, Mohamed Saladin Abdul Rasool and Siti Mariam Ali

Wellbeing is defined as a situation of positive feeling (Happiness and satisfaction) and positive functioning elements (engagement and self-acceptance). Recent studies have shown wellbeing is conceptualized in a multidimensional form, explained in both objective and subjective perspective. From an Islamic perspective, wellbeing is explained through inside and outer fulfillment, driving towards a peaceful life, named as Hayat-e-Tayyaba. The objective of the vision of wellbeing is to satisfy the material and non-material needs. The maqasid al shariah principles are normally used by scholars to explain wellbeing in the Islamic perspective. The objective of this empirical paper is to present Islamic Household wellbeing Index (IHWI) using the five dimensions of maqasid al shariah. The present study employs 35 experts in identifying the five dimensions and the variables of the IHWI. The formulation of the IHWI is deliberated and its interpretation is highlighted

Tendency of paying zakat among muslim women involving in micro or small-scale enterprises in Malaysia

The study attempts to investigate the tendency of zakat payment among Muslim women who are receiving financial assistance from the microfinance program in Malaysia. For this purpose, the study surveyed respondents who are the participants of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM) program employing convenience sampling in Kelantan dan Perak. The analyses are completed using descriptive statistics, tests of mean differences of dependent samples and logistic regression. The findings of the study show there is a significant difference between income level before and after the respondents joined the scheme. Most importantly, the probability of paying zakat among respondents is not contributed by the income obtained after joining the program. It is found that the tendency of paying zakat is contributed significantly by the small household size and location of respondents living

Enhancing Workplace Well-Being: A Multidimensional Approach to Person-Environment Fit

This review paper covers important gaps in the knowledge of Person-Environment Fit. PE fit is widely described as the compatibility between an individual and their work environment and more specifically the individual level criteria. However, there are several recurring issues in the P-E fit approach to stress, including a theoretical problem of inadequate distinction between different versions of fit; confusion between different functional forms of fit; and methodological problems relating to poor measurement of fit components and inappropriate analysis of the impact of fit on strain. Various studies and reviews have still fallen short of providing a comprehensive measure of PE fit, with most of the previous studies focusing exclusively on single fits of either person-job fit or person-organisation fit. Therefore, the current study aims to review the multidimensional measures of the PE fit study to gain a comprehensive view of the PE fit approach in enhancing workplace well-being. This study contributes to the occupational stress literature by delineating how the multidimensional measures of PE fit are associated with work-related stress and the possible outcomes related to both employees and organizational aspects indirectly. Future research may fill in these gaps and broaden the scope of the person-environment fit study

A Case Study of Entrepreneurial Skills of Higher Education Graduates in an Islamic College in Malaysia

The purpose of the paper is to explore entrepreneurial skills of higher education graduates; specifically the Islamic college graduates in Pahang concerning their entrepreneurial skills. Interviews were conducted with ten (10) employers from various fields to gauge their perceptions, expectations and hiring opportunity of the Islamic college graduates in relation to the skills. Findings from the study derived from the qualitative data has generated four themes that are entrepreneurial skills are individual interest, entrepreneur non-friendly practices, nil opportunity for entrepreneurship and employee’s entrepreneurial motivation. The study implies that communicating the idea to develop entrepreneurial skills among graduates demand conscientious strategies from educators. Though the skills are individual pursuit, the opportunity from employers is also a significant factor in determinining whether or not graduates can build the interest

Antileukemic activity of extracts and constituents of Aegle marmelos

Phytochemicals study of various parts of Aegle marmelos (leaves, stem bark and roots) have afforded eleven compounds; hopane and lupane triterpenes including zeorin (1), dustanin (2) also epilupeol (3) and lupenone (4); alkaloids aegeline (5) and skimmianine (6); coumarin derivatives; auraptene (7), epoxyauraptene (8) and marmin (9) together with β-sitosterol and stigmasterol. All crude extracts and isolated compounds were examined for their antileukemic activity against CEM-SS (human T-lymphoblastic leukemia) cancer cells using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Roots extracts exhibited significant cytotoxicity while leaves and stem bark extracts were inactive. Hopane triterpenes; zeorin (1) and dustanin (2) as well as alkaloid aegeline (5) isolated from leaves exhibited moderate to strong cytotoxicity with dustanin (2) as the most active constituent (IC50 : 5.3±0.24 μg/mL). Lupane triterpenes; epilupeol (3) and lupenone (4), in addition of coumarin derivative; marmin (9) isolated from stem bark also demonstrated moderate to strong cytotoxicity with epilupeol (3) showed significant activity (IC50 : 6.1±0.20 μg/mL). The chemical constituents isolated from roots were inactive except for epilupeol (3) and marmin (9) which have also been isolated from stem bark

Rainwater harvesting study at Masjid Jamek Riyahdus Solihin, Pintas Puding, Batu Pahat Johor Malaysia

Harvesting rainwater contribute towards a sustainable living. It eliminate the wastage and reduce the dependency of potable water. The demand of potable water increases in accordance to the population. Rainwater harvesting is capable to combat water crisis and serves as an alternative water resources during water shortage. The present study proposed a rainwater harvesting system for the mosque and obtain the rainfall amount at study area. The method used for designing the rainwater harvesting system is referred to MSMA 2nd Edition. The system is consists of downpipe filter (4"/ Ø150 mm), Eaves gutter (16, 000 mm²) first flush diverter 150 mm (63 liter; 1.78 length) and: taper tank (600 liters). Rainfall data for study area was recorded by HOBO tipping rain gauge for four months. Rainwater was calculated and harvested 116.7% yield to the water demand for the study area. The rainfall for four months at the study area showed that the rainwater demand was sufficient to be collected and used for the mosque activities. The highest rainfall data collected was 75.2 mm. This study would help to initiate a starting point to create a green mosque concept into reality. Furthermore, this system applied the concept of green building that create environmental friendly surrounding as a stepping stone to educate and at the same time save the environment and minimize the energy wastage

Assessing Performance of Nonprofit Organization: A Framework for Zakat Institutions

Abstract Zakat management agencies, like any other organizations, must be able to demonstrate the capability to operate at its optimum and efficient level in ensuring the rationale of its existence. As such a performance indicator to measure organization effectiveness in collecting and distributing zakat is of paramount importance. The paper reviews and synthesises the relevant literature on the organisational performance measurement. The paper then develops and proposes a performance measurement framework for zakat institutions, taking into account non-financial measures where input, process, output measures are as important as outcome measures. This performance management and measurement systems to be developed in the zakat institution must have the mean to monitor and maintain organizational control, which is the process of ensuring that an organization pursues action plans that lead to the achievement of overall goals and objectives

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely