62 research outputs found
Optical Fibre on a Silicon Chip
- Publication venue
- 'IntechOpen'
- Publication date
- 13/06/2013
- Field of study
Development of Asymmetric Low Pressure Reverse Osmosis-Surfactants Membrane: Effect of Surfactant Types and Concentration
- Author
- Publication venue
- 'Periodica Polytechnica Budapest University of Technology and Economics'
- Publication date
- 21/05/2019
- Field of study
The effect of surfactants that are cationic (Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)), anionic (Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS)) and non-ionic (Triton X-100) on performance, morphologies and molecular orientation of Polysulfone (PSF) low pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO) membrane were addressed. The experimental data showed that the increasing of 0.5 wt% in surfactant concentration produced higher pure water permeation (PWP) and flux. At 2.5 wt% of SDS, the LPRO membranes achieved the highest PWP of about 64.42 L/m2 × h while 3.0 wt% of CTAB demonstrated the highest flux of 55.28 L/m2 × h. Analysis from morphological results foundthat the optimal performance at 89.6 % rejection was produced by the membrane with 2 wt% SDS which is a good promoter for the fine morphological structures of the membrane, thus producing fine spectrum of molecular orientation factor
Utilisation of an operative difficulty grading scale for laparoscopic cholecystectomy
- Author
- Aawsaj Y
- Abayomi M
- Acharya V
- Aggarwal SK
- Ahmad A
- Ahmed I
- Ahmed J
- Ahmed J
- Ahmed T
- Ainley P
- Akhtar M
- Al Amari K
- Al-Abed YA
- Al-Akash M
- Al-Bahrani AZ
- Al-Khyatt W
- Al-Muhktar A
- Al-Sarireh B
- Al-Taan O
- Alagaratnam S
- Alam I
- Alberts J
- Alderson D
- Aldridge RC
- Aleksandrov D
- Ali H
- Ali S
- Amin K
- Andrew DR
- Appleton S
- Arhi C
- Aroori S
- Aryal K
- Asad M
- Aseem R
- Asprou FM
- Awan A
- Ayaani S
- Aymon
- Babu BI
- Bajwa DS
- Bajwa FM
- Baker AL
- Balfe P
- Ball WR
- Ballance L
- Banwell V
- Barnes J
- Barrie J
- Bartlett F
- Basheer M
- Bashir G
- Basra M
- Basu S
- Basynat P
- Batt J
- Bausbacher H
- Bawa S
- Beasley WD
- Belding R
- Bellini MI
- Bennett SP
- Bhandari CTS
- Bhattacharya V
- Blane C
- Blazeby JM
- Boal M
- Boddy A
- Boland M
- Bond-Smith G
- Booth MI
- Borowski DW
- Bowen L
- Boyce KM
- Boyd AT
- Bradley D
- Bradley N
- Brennan S
- Brett D
- Broadhurst J
- Brooke E
- Brown TH
- Bryant A
- Buchan J
- Bullen N
- Bunnell C
- Bunting DM
- Burke P
- Byrne JP
- Byrnes CK
- Campbell W
- Carney K
- Carney K
- Carroll P
- Carter CR
- Carter NC
- Carty N
- Cassidy JT
- Chambers A
- Chambers A
- Chambers A
- Chan WM
- Chang J
- Charalabopoulos A
- Chauhan N
- Cheung M
- Chishti IA
- Chitre V
- CholeS Study Grp
- CholeS Study Grp
- CholeS Study Grp
- CholeS Study Grp
- Choy A
- Cieplucha K
- Clements JM
- Coats M
- Cockbain AJ
- Coe PO
- Connelly M
- Cooke F
- Courtney MJ
- Cowley JB
- Cross KS
- Cuming T
- Cunha P
- D'Costa C
- Dalgaty F
- Dar F
- Date R
- Dave RV
- Davey P
- Davies J
- Dawson S
- De Marchi JA
- de Siqueira J
- Deguara J
- Delisle TG
- Dennison AR
- Derbyshire L
- Devoto L
- Dhillon A
- Diamond T
- Dickson-Lowe R
- Digney R
- Dindyal S
- Dobbins B
- Doe M
- Dorrian E
- Doulias T
- Downing J
- Downing J
- Drake B
- Driscoll PJ
- Duke D
- Durkin D
- Dwerryhouse SJ
- Ebdewi H
- Ebied H
- Eisawi A
- El-Dhuwaib APY
- El-Hasani SS
- Elkheir N
- Elmasry M
- Elsayed M
- Elshaer M
- Emesih S
- Farag SF
- Farooq A
- Farouk M
- Fasih T
- Fawole AS
- Fenwick S
- Ferguson G
- Ferris P
- Finch D
- Finch JG
- Finch JG
- Finlay I
- Fleming K
- Fletcher T
- Fordham IJ
- Forouzanfar A
- Forrest CR
- Forster L
- Fothergill L
- Frame RJ
- Francombe J
- Frank L
- Fusai G
- Galanopoulos G
- Gallagher PV
- Garcea G
- Gardner-Thorpe J
- Geoghegan JG
- Geogloma I
- Gerakopoulos S
- Ghareeb E
- Ghazanfar MA
- Gibson S
- Giles M
- Giovinazzo F
- Giwa L
- Goh YL
- Gopalswamy S
- Goscimski A
- Gossage JA
- Gough M
- Gould L
- Gould L
- Grant AJ
- Gravante G
- Griffiths EA
- Griffiths EA
- Gull S
- Gunasekera RT
- Gurung K
- Guthrie GJK
- Hafiz S
- Halkias C
- Hall C
- Hamady Z
- Hamdan A
- Hamdan MF
- Hamilton E
- Hancorn K
- Haque M
- Haque SU
- Hardy TJ
- Hargreaves A
- Harilingam ACM
- Harris A
- Harrison E
- Hawkins H
- Heath J
- Hebbar M
- Henderson LT
- Henley N
- Heshaishi M
- Hewes J
- Hewes JC
- Heywood N
- Higgs SM
- Hill ADK
- Hill ADK
- Hindley C
- Hirst NA
- Hisham E
- Ho W-M
- Hoban JR
- Hodgkins KA
- Hodson J
- Holroyd DJ
- Hooks G
- Hopwood B
- Hornby ST
- Hornsby J
- Hosie KB
- Hosie KB
- Hossack MR
- Hossain T
- Hoti E
- Hou D
- Hrycaiczuk A
- Hughes M
- Hunter DI
- Hussain A
- Hussain A
- Hussain AA
- Hussain N
- Iftikhar SY
- Iqbal N
- Iskandar E
- Issa E
- Ivanovski I
- Jackson A
- Jackson C
- Jafferbhoy SF
- Jambulingam P
- Jamdar S
- Jamel S
- Janeczko A
- Jaunoo S
- Jayanthi NVG
- Jelley C
- Jennings NA
- Joel A
- Johnpulle MA
- Johnston D
- Johnstone M
- Johnstone M
- Joji N
- Jones C
- Jones E
- Jones GH
- Jones MA
- Jones MJ
- Jones RP
- Jones SM
- Kadhim A
- Kadirkamanathan S
- Kallaway C
- Kanakala V
- Kanavati O
- Kansal N
- Kaptanis S
- Karavadra B
- Karim L
- Karunakaran P
- Katbeh T
- Kaur P
- Kausar A
- Kelly ME
- Kendal C
- Kennedy D
- Kenny R
- Keogh K
- Khalil AM
- Khan A
- Khan MA
- Khan MAS
- Khan RB
- Khan S
- Khan S
- Khawaja A
- Khawaja Z
- Khogali E
- Kimble A
- Kinghorn A
- Kirkham AJ
- Knight B
- Knight K
- Kourkulos M
- Krysztopik R
- Kumar P
- Kynaston J
- Kyriakidis D
- Lalla K
- Lambert J
- Lammy S
- Lane R
- Larkin D
- Law J
- Lawther R
- Lazim T
- Lee K
- Lee M
- Leeder P
- Lennon H
- Lewis M
- Lim HCC
- Lim PJ
- Lindsay D
- Lloyd D
- Lo C
- Lodhia J
- Longbotham DA
- Loughlin P
- Lovett B
- Luhmann A
- Luther AA
- Lyons EM
- Macano CAW
- MacArtney M
- Macdonald A
- Madanipour S
- Madbak K
- Madurska M
- Magee CJ
- Maguire D
- Maharaj G
- Majeed A
- Malcolm C
- Malde D
- Malik NS
- Mallik M
- Mansour S
- Manu M
- Manzelli A
- Marriott P
- Marriott P
- Martin J
- Martin S
- Martin ST
- Marudanayagam R
- Mason D
- Mathur P
- Mawhinney A
- Mbuvi J
- McAree B
- McCain S
- McCallum IJD
- McClarey A
- McCune K
- McDermott F
- McEntee GP
- McGlone ER
- McGuigan A
- McIlmunn C
- McKay D
- McKenzie S
- McNair AGK
- Mealy K
- Menzies D
- Mercer SJ
- Milburn J
- Mirza AK
- Mirza D
- Miu V
- Mockford KA
- Mohamed S
- Mohan HM
- Mok KWJ
- Monk D
- Morcous P
- Morrison TEM
- Mothe BS
- Mowbray N
- Mozolowski KL
- Mukherjee D
- Murphy JO
- Murtaza G
- Nally DM
- Napetti S
- Nassar AH
- Nassar AHM
- Naumann D
- Nedujchelyn Y
- Needham PJ
- Newton K
- Newton RC
- Ngu WS
- Nicholson GA
- Nicholson J
- Nicholson JA
- Nicol L
- Nicolay CR
- Nieto T
- Nijjar RS
- Nilsen-Nunn A
- Nilsson F
- Noble F
- Nofal E
- Noor N
- Nunes QM
- O'Dwyer P
- O'Neill MA
- O'Neill S
- O'Reilly DA
- O'shea KM
- O'Sullivan AW
- Obeidallah MR
- Ogedegbe A
- Old OJ
- Orchard P
- Orizu MN
- Packer JR
- Padwick R
- Panteleimonitis S
- Parappally CP
- Parmar J
- Pasquali S
- Patel A
- Patel K
- Patel S
- Pati P
- Pearce B
- Pearson KL
- Peirce C
- Pellen M
- Peter MB
- Peterson M
- Pezzuto R
- Photi E
- Phull M
- Pinho-Gomes AC
- Pollock S
- Popplewell M
- Pore N
- Porter J
- Prasad AR
- Prasad R
- Preston SR
- Preziosi G
- Prince S
- Psica A
- Puig S
- Puntis DJ
- Puri Y
- Qandeel H
- Rabie M
- Radwan R
- Rae DM
- Rahman S
- Rajaganeshan R
- Rajendran I
- Ramage MI
- Rao STV
- Rate AJ
- Raza S
- Read E
- Reddy M
- Reece-Bolton O
- Reed J
- Reid A
- Rengifo C
- Rhys T
- Richards CH
- Riera M
- Ritchie J
- Robb W
- Roberts GP
- Robinson S
- Robinson S
- Robinson SJ
- Rodriguez D
- Rodriguez DU
- Roebuck A
- Rogers PN
- Rolph RC
- Roy S
- Rutherford CL
- Sadat MM
- Sakai N
- Sampat K
- Samuel N
- Sarmah PB
- Sarvananthan K
- Sarveswaran J
- Satheesan S
- Saunders M
- Sayegh M
- Segaran A
- Sekhar H
- Sen G
- Seymour K
- Shabo W
- Shah N
- Shah R
- Shahin Y
- Sheel ARG
- Shenoy H
- Shetty V
- Shier D
- Shingler GM
- Shiwani MH
- Shrestha AK
- Siddiqi N
- Siddiqui MN
- Siddiqui Z
- Sillo TO
- Silva M
- Simpson DJ
- Singh S
- Singh-Ranger D
- Sinha S
- Skelly BL
- Slavin JP
- Slawinski C
- Sloane J
- Smith SR
- Smith SR
- Spearman J
- Spence G
- Spreadborough P
- Spreadborough P
- Starmer BZ
- Stevenson TEJ
- Stewart DJ
- Stirland E
- Subramanium D
- Sufi PA
- Sukha A
- Sutcliffe R
- Suttie S
- Sutton CMLR
- Szentpali K
- Tang C-B
- Tanner N
- Tate S
- Tayeh S
- Taylor GW
- Teasdale RL
- Templeton A
- Terrace J
- Thakkar R
- Thomas G
- Thompson RLE
- Tilston MP
- Toh SKC
- Tolofari S
- Tomlinson MA
- Trevatt AEJ
- Trotter M
- Tsang A
- Tsavellas G
- Tuck L
- Turner P
- Tutton MG
- Ullah MF
- Upchurch EA
- Urbonas T
- Varghase J
- Vass DG
- Vaughan EM
- Vijay V
- Vijayan D
- Vijayanand D
- Villatoro E
- Virupaksha S
- Vitone LJ
- Vohra RS
- Vohra RS
- Wadley M
- Wainwright D
- Wajed S
- Wallace T
- Wardle S
- Warren C
- Watkin H
- Watson AJM
- Watson NF
- Wayman J
- Weaver S
- Weber B
- Weber B
- Weerasinghe C
- Welbourn H
- West Midlands Research Collaborative
- Wheatley K
- White TJ
- Wijetunga I
- Wild JRL
- Wilkinson MD
- Williams SV
- Williamson TK
- Willson PD
- Wilson MSJ
- Wilson TR
- Winter DC
- Winter H
- Wood CPJ
- Wood P
- Wood S
- Woodman T
- Yahya S
- Yao C
- Yeldham G
- Yoganathan T
- Youssef H
- Zafar S
- Zafrani Z
- Zarsadias P
- Zeeshan S
- Zhang C
- Zino S
- Ziprin P
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2018
- Field of study
Background
A reliable system for grading operative difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy would standardise description of findings and reporting of outcomes. The aim of this study was to validate a difficulty grading system (Nassar scale), testing its applicability and consistency in two large prospective datasets.
Methods
Patient and disease-related variables and 30-day outcomes were identified in two prospective cholecystectomy databases: the multi-centre prospective cohort of 8820 patients from the recent CholeS Study and the single-surgeon series containing 4089 patients. Operative data and patient outcomes were correlated with Nassar operative difficultly scale, using Kendall’s tau for dichotomous variables, or Jonckheere–Terpstra tests for continuous variables. A ROC curve analysis was performed, to quantify the predictive accuracy of the scale for each outcome, with continuous outcomes dichotomised, prior to analysis.
Results
A higher operative difficulty grade was consistently associated with worse outcomes for the patients in both the reference and CholeS cohorts. The median length of stay increased from 0 to 4 days, and the 30-day complication rate from 7.6 to 24.4% as the difficulty grade increased from 1 to 4/5 (both p < 0.001). In the CholeS cohort, a higher difficulty grade was found to be most strongly associated with conversion to open and 30-day mortality (AUROC = 0.903, 0.822, respectively). On multivariable analysis, the Nassar operative difficultly scale was found to be a significant independent predictor of operative duration, conversion to open surgery, 30-day complications and 30-day reintervention (all p < 0.001).
Conclusion
We have shown that an operative difficulty scale can standardise the description of operative findings by multiple grades of surgeons to facilitate audit, training assessment and research. It provides a tool for reporting operative findings, disease severity and technical difficulty and can be utilised in future research to reliably compare outcomes according to case mix and intra-operative difficulty
Population‐based cohort study of outcomes following cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder diseases
- Author
- Aawsaj Y
- Abayomi M
- Acharya V
- Aggarwal SK
- Ahmad A
- Ahmed I
- Ahmed J
- Ahmed J
- Ahmed T
- Ainley P
- Akhtar M
- Al Amari K
- Al-Abed YA
- Al-Akash M
- Al-Bahrani AZ
- Al-Khyatt W
- Al-Muhktar A
- Al-Taan O
- Alagaratnam S
- Alam I
- Alberts J
- Alderson D
- Aldridge RC
- Aleksandrov D
- Ali A
- Ali H
- Ali S
- Amin K
- Andrew DR
- Appleton S
- Arhi C
- Aroori S
- Aryal K
- Asad M
- Aseem R
- Asprou FM
- Awan A
- Ayaani S
- Babu BI
- Bajwa DS
- Bajwa FM
- Baker AL
- Balfe P
- Ball WR
- Ballance L
- Banwell V
- Barnes J
- Barrie J
- Bartlett F
- Basheer M
- Bashir G
- Basra M
- Basu S
- Basynat P
- Batt J
- Bausbacher H
- Bawa S
- Beasley WD
- Belding R
- Bellini MI
- Bennett SP
- Bhandari S
- Bhattacharya V
- Blane C
- Blazeby JM
- Boal M
- Boddy A
- Boland M
- Bond-Smith G
- Booth MI
- Borowski DW
- Bowen L
- Boyce KM
- Boyd AT
- Bradley D
- Bradley N
- Brennan S
- Brett D
- Broadhurst J
- Brooke E
- Brown TH
- Bryant A
- Buchan J
- Bullen N
- Bunnell C
- Bunting DM
- Burke P
- Byrne JP
- Byrnes CK
- Campbell W
- Carney K
- Carney K
- Carroll P
- Carter CR
- Carter NC
- Carty N
- Cassidy JT
- Chambers A
- Chambers A
- Chambers A
- Chan WM
- Chang J
- Chauhan N
- Cheung M
- Chishti IA
- Chitre V
- Choy A
- Cieplucha K
- Clements JM
- Coats M
- Cockbain AJ
- Coe PO
- Collaborative WMR
- Connelly M
- Cooke F
- Courtney MJ
- Cowley JB
- Cross KS
- Cuming T
- Cunha P
- D'Costa C
- Dalgaty F
- Dar F
- Date R
- Dave RV
- Davey P
- Davies J
- Dawson S
- De Marchi JA
- de Siqueira J
- Deguara J
- Delisle TG
- Dennison AR
- Derbyshire L
- Devoto L
- Dhillon A
- Diamond T
- Dickson-Lowe R
- Digney R
- Dindyal S
- Dobbins B
- Doe M
- Dorrian E
- Doulias T
- Downing J
- Downing J
- Drake B
- Driscoll PJ
- Duke D
- Durkin D
- Dwerryhouse SJ
- Ebdewi H
- Ebied H
- Eisawi A
- El-Dhuwaib Y
- El-Hasani SS
- Elkheir N
- Elmasry M
- Elsayed M
- Elshaer M
- Emeshi S
- Farag SF
- Farooq A
- Farouk M
- Fasih T
- Fawole AS
- Fenwick S
- Ferguson G
- Ferris P
- Finch D
- Finch JG
- Finlay I
- Fleming K
- Fletcher T
- Fordham IJ
- Forouzanfar A
- Forrest CR
- Forster L
- Fothergill L
- Frame RJ
- Francombe J
- Frank L
- Fusai G
- Galanopoulos G
- Gallagher PV
- Garcea G
- Gardner-Thorpe J
- Geoghegan JG
- Geogloma I
- Gerakopoulos S
- Ghareeb E
- Ghazanfar MA
- Gibson S
- Giles M
- Giovinazzo F
- Goh YL
- Gopalswamy S
- Goscimski A
- Gossage JA
- Gough M
- Gould L
- Gould L
- Grant AJ
- Gravante G
- Griffiths EA
- Grp CS
- Gull S
- Gunasekera RT
- Gurung K
- Guthrie GJK
- Hafiz S
- Halkias C
- Hall C
- Hamady Z
- Hamdan A
- Hamdan MF
- Hamilton E
- Hancorn K
- Haque M
- Hardy TJ
- Hargreaves A
- Harilingam ACM
- Harris A
- Harrison E
- Hawkins H
- Heath J
- Hebbar M
- Henderson LT
- Henley N
- Heshaishi M
- Hewes J
- Hewes JC
- Heywood N
- Higgs SM
- Hill ADK
- Hill ADK
- Hindley C
- Hirst NA
- Hisham E
- Ho W-M
- Hoban JR
- Hodgkins KA
- Holroyd DJ
- Hooks G
- Hopwood B
- Hornby ST
- Hornsby J
- Hosie KB
- Hossack MR
- Hossain T
- Hoti E
- Hou D
- Hrycaiczuk A
- Hughes M
- Hunter DI
- Hussain A
- Hussain A
- Hussain AA
- Hussain N
- Iftikhar SY
- Iqbal LGN
- Iskandar E
- Issa E
- Ivanovski I
- Jackson A
- Jackson C
- Jafferbhoy SF
- Jambulingam P
- Jamdar S
- Jamel S
- Janeczko A
- Jaunoo S
- Jayanthi NVG
- Jelley C
- Jennings NA
- Joel A
- Johnpulle MA
- Johnston D
- Johnstone M
- Johnstone M
- Joji N
- Jones C
- Jones E
- Jones GH
- Jones MA
- Jones MJ
- Jones RP
- Jones SM
- Kadhim A
- Kadirkamanathan S
- Kallaway C
- Kanakala V
- Kanavati O
- Kansal N
- Kaptanis S
- Karavadra B
- Karim L
- Karunakaran P
- Kaur P
- Kausar A
- Kelly ME
- Kendal C
- Kennedy D
- Kenny R
- Keogh K
- Khalil AM
- Khan A
- Khan MA
- Khan MAS
- Khan RB
- Khan S
- Khan S
- Khawaja A
- Khawaja Z
- Khogali E
- Kimble A
- Kinghorn A
- Kirkham AJ
- Knight B
- Knight K
- Kourkulos M
- Krysztopik R
- Kumar P
- Kynaston J
- Kyriakidis D
- Lalla K
- Lammy S
- Lane R
- Larkin D
- Law J
- Lawther R
- Lazim T
- Lee K
- Lee M
- Leeder P
- Lennon H
- Lewis M
- Lim HCC
- Lim PJ
- Lindsay D
- Lloyd D
- Lo C
- Lodhia J
- Longbotham DA
- Loughlin P
- Lovett B
- Luhmann A
- Luther A
- Lyons EM
- Macano CAW
- MacArtney M
- Macdonald A
- Madanipour S
- Madbak K
- Madurska M
- Magee CJ
- Maguire D
- Maharaj G
- Majeed A
- Malcolm C
- Malde D
- Malik NS
- Mallik M
- Mansour S
- Manu M
- Manzelli A
- Marriott P
- Martin J
- Martin S
- Martin ST
- Marudanayagam R
- Mason D
- Mathur P
- Mawhinney A
- Mbuvi J
- McAree B
- McCain S
- McCallum IJD
- McClarey A
- McCune K
- McDermott F
- McEntee GP
- McGlone ER
- McGuigan A
- McIlmunn C
- Mckay D
- McKenzie S
- McNair AGK
- Mealy K
- Menzies D
- Mercer SJ
- Milburn J
- Mirza AK
- Mirza D
- Miu V
- Mockford KA
- Mohamed S
- Mohan HM
- Mok J
- Monk D
- Morcous P
- Morrison TEM
- Mothe BS
- Mowbray N
- Mozolowski KL
- Mukherjee D
- Murphy JO
- Murtaza G
- Nally DM
- Napetti S
- Nassar AH
- Naumann D
- Nedujchelyn Y
- Needham PJ
- Newton K
- Newton RC
- Ngu WS
- Nicholson GA
- Nicholson J
- Nicholson JA
- Nicol L
- Nicolay CR
- Nieto T
- Nijjar RS
- Nilsen-Nunn A
- Nilsson F
- Noble F
- Nofal E
- Noor N
- Nunes Q
- O'Dwyer P
- O'Neill MA
- O'Neill S
- O'Reilly DA
- O'Shea KM
- O'Sullivan AW
- Obeidallah MR
- Ogedegbe A
- Old OJ
- Orchard P
- Orizu MN
- Packer JR
- Padwick R
- Pannu A
- Panteleimonitis S
- Parappally CP
- Parmar J
- Pasquali S
- Patel A
- Patel K
- Patel S
- Pati P
- Pearce B
- Pearson KL
- Peirce C
- Pellen M
- Peter MB
- Peterson M
- Pezzuto R
- Photi E
- Phull M
- Pinho-Gomes AC
- Pollock S
- Popplewell M
- Pore N
- Porter J
- Prasad AR
- Prasad R
- Preston SR
- Preziosi G
- Prince S
- Psica A
- Puig S
- Puntis DJ
- Puri Y
- Qandeel H
- Rabie M
- Radwan R
- Rae DM
- Rahman S
- Rajaganeshan R
- Rajendran I
- Ramage MI
- Rao STV
- Rate AJ
- Raza S
- Read E
- Reddy M
- Reece-Bolton O
- Reed J
- Reid A
- Rengifo C
- Rhys T
- Richards CH
- Riera M
- Ritchie J
- Robb W
- Roberts GP
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- Zarsadias P
- Zeeshan S
- Zhang C
- Ziprin P
- Publication venue
- 'Wiley'
- Publication date
- 01/11/2016
- Field of study
Background The aim was to describe the management of benign gallbladder disease and identify characteristics associated with all‐cause 30‐day readmissions and complications in a prospective population‐based cohort. Methods Data were collected on consecutive patients undergoing cholecystectomy in acute UK and Irish hospitals between 1 March and 1 May 2014. Potential explanatory variables influencing all‐cause 30‐day readmissions and complications were analysed by means of multilevel, multivariable logistic regression modelling using a two‐level hierarchical structure with patients (level 1) nested within hospitals (level 2). Results Data were collected on 8909 patients undergoing cholecystectomy from 167 hospitals. Some 1451 cholecystectomies (16·3 per cent) were performed as an emergency, 4165 (46·8 per cent) as elective operations, and 3293 patients (37·0 per cent) had had at least one previous emergency admission, but had surgery on a delayed basis. The readmission and complication rates at 30 days were 7·1 per cent (633 of 8909) and 10·8 per cent (962 of 8909) respectively. Both readmissions and complications were independently associated with increasing ASA fitness grade, duration of surgery, and increasing numbers of emergency admissions with gallbladder disease before cholecystectomy. No identifiable hospital characteristics were linked to readmissions and complications. Conclusion Readmissions and complications following cholecystectomy are common and associated with patient and disease characteristics
Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy
- Author
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- El Kashash A
- El Kholy A
- El Magd AA
- El Mesery S
- El Sayed GS
- El Sayed IM
- El Shoura Y
- El-badawy HA
- El-Dien KS
- El-Dien KS
- El-Din RA
- El-Din SA
- El-Gizawy E
- El-Hamouly AS
- El-Kashef H
- El-Latif NK
- El-Ma'doul AS
- El-Rabaa S
- El-Sagheer N
- El-Sawy A
- El-Sehily A
- El-Shahat NS
- El-Sheemy H
- El-Taher E
- Elabdin HZ
- Elashmawy M
- Elashry R
- Elazab A
- Elazayem AA
- Elazoul M
- Elbanby E
- Elbanby ES
- Elbatahgy A
- Elbe P
- Elbermawy M
- Elbisomy KH
- Eldafrawy M
- Eldamaty L
- Eldeeb AZ
- Eldeen EA
- Eldin MAB
- EldosoukyMohammed A
- Elebute O
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- Elena G
- Elfarargy A
- Elfeki H
- Elfeki H
- Elfiky M
- Elfil M
- Elfouly N
- Elfouly N
- Elfouly Y
- Elfouly Y
- Elgebaly A
- Elgendy AH
- Elgendy FI
- Elgheriany M
- Elhadad A
- Elhadary NM
- Elhadry S
- Elhalawany E
- Elhamouly S
- Elhelbawy MS
- Elhendawy A
- Elhendawy AOA
- Elhoseny G
- Elhusseiny AAE
- Elizabeth Lopez C
- Elkadsh I
- Elkady F
- Elkelany A
- Elkelany A
- Elkelany A
- Elkelany A
- Elkhadrawi M
- Elkhalek EA
- Elkholy A
- Elkholy SS
- Elkolaly SS
- Elkorashy AM
- Ellison Q
- Elmashala A
- Elmasry M
- Elmelegy R
- Elmihy S
- Elnagar A
- Elnajjar MA
- Elnemr AE
- Elrazek AA
- Elsabbagh N
- Elsameea AA
- Elsawahly DME
- Elsawy A
- Elsayed M
- Elsayed M
- Elsayed N
- Elsayed NAR
- Elsayed ZM
- Elsebaaye AO
- Elsehimy M
- Elsemelawy R
- Elshaar M
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- Elshafay AE
- Elshami M
- Elshanwany S
- Elsharkawy AA
- Elsheikh S
- Elsherbiney S
- Elsherbiny AS
- Elsherif FA
- Elshobary M
- Elsiddig M
- Elsobky S
- Elsorogy DEAA
- Elwaey A
- Elwakil H
- Elwan A
- Elwan A
- Elwy E
- Elzahed N
- Elzayat I
- Elzayat M
- Elzayyat I
- Elzowawi F
- Emadeldin D
- Emadeldin H
- Emara E
- Emile S
- Eng C
- English W
- Esam A
- Escalante Salas MDC
- Espin-Basany E
- Espinoza F
- Essam A
- Essam AA
- Essam M
- Essoun S
- Esteban E
- Estee MM
- Estupinian S
- Etchill E
- Etchill E
- Etienne S
- Etman M
- Etwire V
- Evajelista CV
- Evans D
- Evans E
- Eysa A
- Eyssartier E
- Ezzat E
- Ezzat T
- Faboya O
- Faccincani R
- Fadel A
- Fahiem A
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- Farhangmehr N
- Farinella E
- Farmakis K
- Farooq T
- Farouk SAM
- Farquharson A
- Farrugia A
- Farrugia A
- Faruq A
- Fathy AM
- Fattah AA
- Fatuga A
- Faturoti O
- Faturoti O
- Faure A
- Fautz T
- Favero A
- Fawzy A
- Feidantsis T
- Felipe CO
- Fergany A
- Fergusson SJ
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- Francone E
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- Frey D
- Frisk B
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- Fujii F
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- Gaarder T
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- Gadhvi V
- Gado A
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- Galiqi G
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- Halicioglu I
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- Mohamed AR
- Mohamed B
- Mohamed F
- Mohamed I
- Mohamed M
- Mohamed MA
- Mohamed MAEH
- Mohamed MM
- Mohamed O
- Mohamed SR
- Mohameden A
- Mohammad A
- Mohammad A
- Mohammed A
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- Mohammed AR
- Mohammed H
- Mohammed MM
- Mohammed MMH
- Mohammed S
- Mohan H
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- Mok YT
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- Monrad-Hansen PW
- Monteleone M
- Monteleone M
- Montes I
- Montes I
- Montoya Botero JA
- Montrimaite M
- Montrimaite M
- Moodley Y
- Moore R
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- Morales C
- Morandi E
- Moreira G
- Moreno SC
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- Morton R
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- Mosalum O
- Mostafa HA
- Mostafa M
- Mostafa M
- Mousa M
- Moussa O
- Moustafa A
- Mouttalib S
- Mowafy B
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- Mshelbwala P
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- Munipalle PC
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- Mutabazi AZ
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- Mutlu D
- Mutlu V
- Muzio E
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- Mykoniatis I
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- Nadkarni S
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- Nagy GS
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- Nanthakumaran S
- Napolitano L
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- Naqvi SA
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- Naranjo Aristizaibal FA
- Narayanan R
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- Nasher O
- Nashidengo P
- Nasir A
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- Nasir WNWM
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- Nassif D
- Nastri G
- Natalie H
- Nataraja R
- Natili A
- Navarro A
- Nawara C
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- Nayel AR
- Nazir M
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- Ndajiwo A
- Ndegwa W
- Ndlovu SR
- Ndwambi P
- Negida A
- Negoi I
- Nel D
- Nemeth K
- Neo YN
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- Neophytou C
- Nepogodiev D
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- Nesaratnam A
- Nessa A
- Nestorovic M
- Nevieraite V
- Newton T
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- Ngwa TE
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- Niranjan N
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- Niyirera E
- Njokanma I
- Nnajiuba H
- Nocito A
- Nocito A
- Nofal E
- Noor F
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- Noukpozounkou B
- Novak A
- Nowers J
- Nsengimana VJP
- Nsengiyumva C
- Ntirenganya F
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- Nurqistan HD
- Nwabuoku E
- Nwinee V
- Nwokoro C
- Nyberg J
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- O'neill M
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- O'Neill S
- O'Shea M
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- Occhionorelli S
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- Palomino Castillo VD
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- Qureshi AU
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- Sahel S
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- Salah OM
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- Samalavicius NE
- Samaraweera DI
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- Sandoval Barrantes AM
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- Shahbaz AR
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- Zampitis N
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- Zani A
- Zanini N
- Zanini N
- Zapata Ponze De Leon M
- Zapata Ponze De Leon M
- Zapata F
- Zarb C
- Zardab A
- Zegarra S
- Zeidan S
- Zelada Alvarez II
- Zerihun AB
- Zeta Solis LA
- Zhang Z
- Zheng F
- Zidan H
- Zidan H
- Zidan M
- Zielinski M
- Ziff O
- Zikry M
- Zil-E-Ali A
- Zilinskas J
- Zilinskas J
- Zilinskas J
- Zilinskas J
- Zilinskas J
- Zilinskiene R
- Zilinskiene R
- Zimmermann EF
- Ziubryte G
- Zohair A
- Zorrilla CD
- Zuber M
- Zuber M
- Zuk G
- Zulkifli A
- Zumbuhl L
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 15/10/2018
- Field of study
Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe
Coffee and its waste repel gravid Aedes albopictus females and inhibit the development of their embryos
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- A Farah
- A Farah
- A Farajollahi
- A Kosugi
- A Nehlig
- A Pedronel
- A Vega-Rua
- Abdul Hafiz Ab Majid
- AC Morrison
- Ahmad Abu Hassan
- AR Jassbi
- AT Laranja
- AT Monnerat
- B Byttebier
- B Cheng
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- BC Zeichner
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- CG Silva
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- CJ Mitchell
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- DD Chadee
- DF Hoel
- DL Windeguth Von
- DV Canyon
- E Santos
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- F Reyes-Villanueva
- Fatima Abdulla Al-Khayyat
- Fatimah Abang
- Fumio Miake
- G Rezza
- GA Wright
- H Dieng
- H Dieng
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- Hamady Dieng
- Hamdan Ahmad
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- Muhammad Hishamuddin Itam Ahmad
- N Mallikarjuna
- Nur Aida Hashim
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- YE Himeidan
- Yuki Fukumitsu
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- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
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Assessments for impact of adhesive properties: modeling strength of metallic single lap joints
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- Alfredsson KS
- Ascione F
- Balzani C
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- Banea MD
- Chandra N
- da Silva LFM
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- da Silva LFM
- da Silva LFM
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- de Morais AB
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- 'Informa UK Limited'
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- Field of study
Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
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- Umeokonkwo CD
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- Wunrow HY
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- Yamagishi K
- Yaminfirooz M
- Yano Y
- Yaya S
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- Yearwood JA
- Yeheyis TY
- Yeshitila YG
- Yilgwan CS
- Yilma MT
- Yip P
- Yonemoto N
- Yoon S-J
- York HW
- Younis MZ
- Younker TP
- Yousefi B
- Yousefi Z
- Yousefifard M
- Yousefinezhadi T
- Yousuf AY
- Yu C
- Yu Y
- Yuan C-W
- Yuce D
- Yusefzadeh H
- Zadey S
- Zahabi SS
- Zaidi SS
- Zaki L
- Zaki MES
- Zakzuk J
- Zamani M
- Zamanian M
- Zandian H
- Zangeneh A
- Zarafshan H
- Zastrozhin MS
- Zewdie KA
- Zhang J
- Zhang Y
- Zhang Z-J
- Zhao JT
- Zhao X-JG
- Zhao Y
- Zheleva B
- Zheng P
- Zhou M
- Zhu C
- Ziapour A
- Zimsen SRM
- Zlavog BS
- Zodpey S
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 17/10/2020
- Field of study
Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
- Abbafati C
- Abbas KM
- Abbasi M
- Abbasi-Kangevari M
- Abbasifard M
- Abbastabar H
- Abd El Razek HM
- Abd El Razek MM
- Abd-Allah F
- Abdelalim A
- Abdollahi M
- Abdollahpour I
- Abdulkader RS
- Abdullah KH
- Abedi A
- Abedi P
- Abegaz KH
- Abolhassani H
- Abosetugn AE
- Aboyans V
- Abrams EM
- Abreu LG
- Abrigo MRM
- Abu Haimed AK
- Abu-Gharbieh E
- Abu-Raddad LJ
- Abualhasan A
- Abushouk AI
- Acebedo A
- Ackerman IN
- Adabi M
- Adair T
- Adamu AA
- Adebayo OM
- Adedeji IA
- Adekanmbi V
- Adelson JD
- Adeoye AM
- Adetokunboh OO
- Adham D
- Advani SM
- Afarideh M
- Afshari M
- Afshin A
- Agardh EE
- Agarwal G
- Agasthi P
- Agesa KM
- Aghaali M
- Aghamir SMK
- Agrawal A
- Ahmad T
- Ahmadi A
- Ahmadi K
- Ahmadi M
- Ahmadieh H
- Ahmadpour E
- Ahmed MB
- Aji B
- Akalu TY
- Akinyemi RO
- Akinyemiju T
- Akombi B
- Akunna CJ
- Al-Aly Z
- Al-Mekhlafi HM
- Al-Raddadi RM
- Alahdab F
- Alam K
- Alam N
- Alam S
- Alam T
- Alanezi FM
- Alanzi TM
- Albertson SB
- Alcalde-Rabanal JE
- Alema NM
- Alemu BW
- Alemu YM
- Alhabib KF
- Alhassan RK
- Ali M
- Ali S
- Alicandro G
- Alijanzadeh M
- Alinia C
- Alipour V
- Alizade H
- Aljunid SM
- Alla F
- Allebeck P
- Almadi MAH
- Almasi A
- Almasi-Hashiani A
- Almasri NA
- Almulhim AM
- Alonso J
- Altirkawi KA
- Alumran AK
- Alvis-Guzman N
- Alvis-Zakzuk NJ
- Amare AT
- Amare B
- Amini S
- Amini-Rarani M
- Aminorroaya A
- Amiri F
- Amit AML
- Amugsi DA
- Amul GGH
- Anbesu EW
- Ancuceanu R
- Anderlini D
- Anderson JA
- Andrei CL
- Andrei T
- Androudi S
- Angus C
- Anjomshoa M
- Ansari F
- Ansari I
- Ansari-Moghaddam A
- Antonazzo IC
- Antonio CAT
- Antony CM
- Antriyandarti E
- Anvari D
- Anwer R
- Appiah SCY
- Arab-Zozani M
- Arabloo J
- Aravkin AY
- Arba AAK
- Aremu O
- Ariani F
- Aripov T
- Armoon B
- Arnlov J
- Arowosegbe OO
- Aryal KK
- Arzani A
- Asaad M
- Asadi-Aliabadi M
- Asadi-Pooya AA
- Asgari S
- Asghari B
- Ashbaugh C
- Assmus M
- Atafar Z
- Athari SS
- Atnafu DD
- Atout MMW
- Atre SR
- Atteraya MS
- Ausloos F
- Ausloos M
- Avila-Burgos L
- Avokpaho EFGA
- Ayano G
- Ayanore MA
- Aynalem GL
- Aynalem YA
- Ayza MA
- Azari S
- Azarian G
- Azene ZN
- Azhar G
- Azzopardi PS
- Babaee E
- Badawi A
- Badiye AD
- Bagherzadeh M
- Bagli E
- Bahrami MA
- Baig AA
- Bairwa M
- Bakhshaei MH
- Bakhtiari A
- Bakkannavar SM
- Balachandran A
- Balakrishnan S
- Balalla S
- Balassyano S
- Baldasseroni A
- Bali AO
- Ball K
- Ballew SH
- Balzi D
- Banach M
- Bandpei MAM
- Banerjee SK
- Banik PC
- Bannick MS
- Bante AB
- Bante SA
- Baraki AG
- Barboza MA
- Barker-Collo SL
- Barnighausen TW
- Barrero LH
- Barthelemy CM
- Barua L
- Barzegar A
- Basaleem H
- Bassat Q
- Basu S
- Baune BT
- Bayati M
- Baye BA
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- Becker JS
- Bedi N
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- Bejot Y
- Bekuma TTT
- Bell ML
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- Bensenor IM
- Benziger CP
- Berhe K
- Berman AE
- Bernabe E
- Bernstein RS
- Bertolacci GJ
- Bhagavathula AS
- Bhageerathy R
- Bhala N
- Bhandari D
- Bhardwaj P
- Bhat AG
- Bhattacharyya K
- Bhattarai S
- Bhutta ZA
- Bibi S
- Bicer BK
- Biehl MH
- Bijani A
- Bikbov B
- Bilano V
- Bin Sayeed MS
- Bin Zaman S
- Biondi A
- Birihane BM
- Bisanzio D
- Bisignano C
- Biswas RK
- Bitew H
- Bjorge T
- Bockarie MJ
- Bohlouli S
- Bohluli M
- Bojia HA
- Bolla SR
- Boloor A
- Boon-Dooley AS
- Borges G
- Borzi AM
- Borzouei S
- Bose D
- Bosetti C
- Boston S
- Boufous S
- Bourne R
- Brady OJ
- Braithwaite D
- Brauer M
- Brayne C
- Breitborde NJK
- Breitner S
- Brenner H
- Breusov AV
- Briant PS
- Briggs AM
- Briko AN
- Briko NI
- Britton GB
- Brugha T
- Bryazka D
- Buchbinder R
- Bumgarner BR
- Burkart K
- Burnett RT
- Busse R
- Butt ZA
- Caetano dos Santos FL
- Cahill LE
- Cahuana-Hurtado L
- Cai T
- Callender CSKH
- Camera LA
- Campos-Nonato IR
- Cao J
- Car J
- Car LT
- Cardenas R
- Carreras G
- Carrero JJ
- Carvalho F
- Castaldelli-Maia JM
- Castaneda-Orjuela CA
- Castelpietra G
- Castle CD
- Castro E
- Castro F
- Catala-Lopez F
- Causey K
- Cederroth CR
- Cercy KM
- Cerin E
- Chalek J
- Chandan JS
- Chang AR
- Chang AY
- Chang J-C
- Chang K-L
- Charan J
- Charlson FJ
- Chattu VK
- Chaturvedi S
- Cherbuin N
- Chimed-Ochir O
- Chin KL
- Chirinos-Caceres JL
- Cho DY
- Choi J-YJ
- Christensen H
- Chu D-T
- Chung MT
- Chung S-C
- Cicuttini FM
- Ciobanu LG
- Cirillo M
- Cislaghi B
- Classen TKD
- Cohen AJ
- Collins EL
- Comfort H
- Compton K
- Conti S
- Cooper OR
- Corso B
- Cortesi PA
- Costa VM
- Cousin E
- Cowden RG
- Cowie BC
- Cromwell EA
- Croneberger AJ
- Cross DH
- Cross M
- Crowe CS
- Cruz JA
- Cummins S
- Cunningham M
- D'Amico E
- da Silva DD
- Dahlawi SMA
- Dai H
- Dai H
- Damasceno AAM
- Damiani G
- Dandona L
- Dandona R
- Daneshpajouhnejad P
- Dangel WJ
- Danielsson A-K
- Dargan PI
- Darshan BB
- Darwesh AM
- Daryani A
- Das Gupta R
- Das Neves J
- Das JK
- Dash AP
- Davey G
- Davila-Cervantes CA
- Davis AC
- Davitoiu DV
- Davletov K
- De Leo D
- De Neve J-W
- Dean FE
- DeCleene NK
- Deen A
- Defo BK
- Degenhardt L
- DeLang M
- Dellavalle RP
- Demeke FM
- Demoz GT
- Demsie DG
- Denova-Gutierrez E
- Dereje ND
- Deribe K
- Dervenis N
- Desai R
- Desalew A
- Dessie GA
- Deuba K
- Dharmaratne SD
- Dhungana GP
- Dianatinasab M
- Diaz D
- Dichgans M
- Didarloo A
- Dingels ZV
- Dippenaar IN
- Dirac MA
- Djalalinia S
- Do HT
- Dokova K
- Doku DT
- Dolecek C
- Dolgert AJ
- Dorostkar F
- Doshi CP
- Doshi PP
- Doshmangir L
- Douiri A
- Doxey MC
- Doyle KE
- Driscoll TR
- Dubljanin E
- Dunachie SJ
- Duncan BB
- Duraes AR
- Eagan AW
- Ebrahimi H
- Edvardsson D
- Effiong A
- Ehrlich JR
- El Nahas N
- El Sayed I
- El Tantawi M
- El-Jaafary SI
- Elbarazi I
- Elgendy IY
- Elhabashy HR
- Elsharkawy A
- Elyazar IRF
- Emamian MH
- Emmons-Bell S
- Erskine HE
- Eshrati B
- Eskandari K
- Eskandarieh S
- Esmaeilnejad S
- Esmaeilzadeh F
- Esteghamati A
- Esteghamati S
- Estep K
- Etemadi A
- Etisso AE
- Ezekannagha O
- Fanzo J
- Farag T
- Farahmand M
- Faraj A
- Faraon EJA
- Fareed M
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- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD 2019 incorporates data from 281 586 sources and provides more than 3.5 billion estimates of health outcome and health system measures of interest for global, national, and subnational policy dialogue. All GBD estimates are publicly available and adhere to the Guidelines on Accurate and Transparent Health Estimate Reporting. From this vast amount of information, five key insights that are important for health, social, and economic development strategies have been distilled. These insights are subject to the many limitations outlined in each of the component GBD capstone papers.Peer reviewe
Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019 : a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbas Kaja M.
- Abbasi Mohammad
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abbasifard Mitra
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abedi Aidin
- Abedi Parisa
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- Ram Pradhum
- Ramezanzadeh Kiana
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- Ranabhat Chhabi L.
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- Rao Puja C.
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- Rasella Davide
- Rashedi Vahid
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- Reiner Robert C.
- Reinig Nickolas
- Reitsma Marissa B.
- Remuzzi Giuseppe
- Renjith Vishnu
- Renzaho Andre M. N. (R17978)
- Ärnlöv Johan
- Øverland Simon
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019.
Methods: 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10–14 and 50–54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings: The global TFR decreased from 2·72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2·66–2·79) in 2000 to 2·31 (2·17–2·46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134·5 million (131·5–137·8) in 2000 to a peak of 139·6 million (133·0–146·9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135·3 million (127·2–144·1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2·1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27·1% (95% UI 26·4–27·8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67·2 years (95% UI 66·8–67·6) in 2000 to 73·5 years (72·8–74·3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50·7 million (49·5–51·9) in 2000 to 56·5 million (53·7–59·2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9·6 million (9·1–10·3) in 2000 to 5·0 million (4·3–6·0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25·7%, from 6·2 billion (6·0–6·3) in 2000 to 7·7 billion (7·5–8·0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58·6 years (56·1–60·8) in 2000 to 63·5 years (60·8–66·1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019
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