Küresel Markalardan Beklenen Fayda ve Küresel Marka Bilinç Düzeyinin Küresel Markalara Yönelik Tutumlara Etkisi: Ampirik Bir Araştırma

Sınır ötesi elektronik ticaretin gelişmesi, küresel ölçekte faaliyette bulunan işletmelerin gerçekleştirdikleri yenilikçi pazarlama uygulamalarındaki ilerlemeler, sosyal medya kanalları üzerinden gerçekleşen etkileşimde yaşanan hızlı artış, bütünleşik kanal uygulamalarının pazarlamacılar tarafından perakendecilik alanında etkin kullanımı, küresel ekonomik trendlere yönelik mobil uygulamalardaki çeşitlilik, lojistik ve yeni nesil ödeme hizmetlerindeki önemli iyileştirmeler gibi yaşanan pek çok gelişme sayesinde, dünya pazarlarını kapsayan küresel markaların öneminin daha fazla arttığı söylenebilmektedir. Özellikle kalite, güvenilirlik ve estetik özellikler bakımından müşteri algısına olumlu yönde etki eden ve işletmelere önemli üstünlükler sağlayan küresel markalar, artık hızla değişen ve küreselleşen dünyanın en önemli sembolleri arasında yer almaktadır. Küresel markalara yönelik tüketicilerin geliştirecekleri olumlu ya da olumsuz eğilimlere karşılık gelen tutumlar ise, bu tür markaların başarısında kilit rol oynamakta, özellikle uzun vadeli ve olumlu geliştirilen tutumlar işletmelere önemli avantajlar sunmaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmanın amacı; küresel markalardan beklenen fayda ve küresel marka bilinç düzeyi ile küresel markalara yönelik tutumlar arasındaki ilişkilerin ampirik bir araştırma çerçevesinde incelenmesidir. Bu kapsamda, Selçuk Üniversitesi Uluslararası Ticaret bölümünde öğrenim gören üniversite öğrencileri ile bir anket çalışması gerçekleştirilmiş ve öğrencilerin küresel markalara yönelik tutumları ölçülmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmayla ilgili verilerin analiz edilmesinde doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve yapısal eşitlik modelinden yararlanılmıştır. Veriler SPSS AMOS 22 programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma dâhilinde yürütülen analizler sonucunda ise, küresel markalardan beklenen faydanın, küresel markalara yönelik tutumları pozitif yönde etkilediği, bununla birlikte küresel marka bilinç düzeyinin, küresel markalara yönelik tutumlar üzerinde doğrudan bir etkisinin olmadığı sonucu elde edilmiştir

Avulsiyon tedavisinde güncel yaklaşımlar

Avulsion is the partially or completely taking out of the tooth from the dental socket; and replantation is replacing the teeth which have been partially or completely avulsed by trauma. Because of the fact that avulsion is such a rare occurrence, dentists are in need of reading the guidelines and getting the posted information on dental association web sites. But unfortunately, even recent guidelines do not address the question of whether it is in the patient’s best interests to replant a tooth. In addition to this, it is important that the merits and shortcomings of clinical guidelines should be understood clearly before they are used to make clinical decisions. In this article, guidelines for management of avulsed teeth are reviewed primarily based on the current literature. ÖZET Travmatik yaralanma sonrası dişin alveoler soketten tamamen çıkmasına avulsiyon, travma sonucu parsiyel veya total olarak alveoler soketten çıkmış olan dişin veya dişlerin tekrar yerine yerleştirilmesine replantasyon adı verilmektedir. Avulsiyon, sık görülen bir olay olmadığından diş hekimi böyle bir durumla karşılaştığında öncelikle bu konuyla ilgili yayınları okumak veya internetten bilgi almak ihtiyacı hissetmektedir. Fakat ne yazık ki son yıllarda yayınlanmış yayınlar bile hastaların hekime diş replantasyonu ile ilgili sorabileceği soruların yanıtlarını tam olarak içermemektedir. Bununla birlikte klinik tedavi prensiplerinin önemi ve kusurları klinik olarak kullanımlarından önce iyice anlaşılmalıdır. Bu makalede, avulsiyon tedavisinde uygulanması önerilen yöntemler güncel literatür ışığında derlenmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Dental avulsiyon, replantasyon, dental travma

Comparison of Treatment Options for Enthesitis-Related Arthritis with the Juvenile Spondyloarthritis Disease Activity Index

Aim:The Juvenile Spondyloarthritis Disease Activity Index (JSpADA) is the only disease activity score specifically validated for children with enthesitis-associated arthritis (ERA). It was developed to address the need for an effective measurement tool to assess disease activity in this population. We aimed to evaluate the clinical course of patients with ERA using JSpADA and to compare the effects of treatment modalities using JSpADA.Methods:This cross-sectional observational study enrolled 61 patients with ERA who were followed up between January 2020 and 2023. Clinical features, treatment options, and JSpADA were noted in electronic medical files. The effectiveness of treatment modalities was compared by JSpADA.Results:The median age of onset of the group was 10 [interquartile range (IQR), 9-15] years. The study cohort included three groups of patients: 1) DMARD received (n=34); 2) biologic drug received (n=14); 3) DMARD and biological combination received (n=13). Forty-three cases (70%) presented with peripheral arthritis, including enthesitis, whereas 18 (30%) patients had axial involvement. At disease onset, the median JSpADA scores were 2 (IQR, 2-3), 2.5 (IQR, 2-3), and 3.5 (IQR, 2.5-5) in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p=0.27). At the first year of follow-up, there was a significant improvement in the disease activity of groups 1 and 2 (p=0.02 and p=0.04). However, there was no significant reduction in JSpADA values in the third group.Conclusion:In patients with ERA, intermittent JSpADA evaluation during visits can guide the objective and accurate follow-up and treatment response of patients

Magnetic resonance imaging based kidney volume assessment for risk stratification in pediatric autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

IntroductionIn the pediatric context, most children with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) maintain a normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) despite underlying structural kidney damage, highlighting the critical need for early intervention and predictive markers. Due to the inverse relationship between kidney volume and kidney function, risk assessments have been presented on the basis of kidney volume. The aim of this study was to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based kidney volume assessment for risk stratification in pediatric ADPKD and to investigate clinical and genetic differences among risk groups.MethodsThis multicenter, cross-sectional, and case-control study included 75 genetically confirmed pediatric ADPKD patients (5–18 years) and 27 controls. Kidney function was assessed by eGFR calculated from serum creatinine and cystatin C using the CKiD-U25 equation. Blood pressure was assessed by both office and 24-hour ambulatory measurements. Kidney volume was calculated from MRI using the stereological method. Total kidney volume was adjusted for the height (htTKV). Patients were stratified from A to E classes according to the Leuven Imaging Classification (LIC) using MRI-derived htTKV.ResultsMedian (Q1-Q3) age of the patients was 6.0 (2.0–10.0) years, 56% were male. There were no differences in sex, age, height-SDS, or GFR between the patient and control groups. Of the patients, 89% had PKD1 and 11% had PKD2 mutations. Non-missense mutations were 73% in PKD1 and 75% in PKD2. Twenty patients (27%) had hypertension based on ABPM. Median htTKV of the patients was significantly higher than controls (141 vs. 117 ml/m, p = 0.0003). LIC stratification revealed Classes A (38.7%), B (28%), C (24%), and D + E (9.3%). All children in class D + E and 94% in class C had PKD1 variants. Class D + E patients had significantly higher blood pressure values and hypertension compared to other classes (p > 0.05 for all).DiscussionThis study distinguishes itself by using MRI-based measurements of kidney volume to stratify pediatric ADPKD patients into specific risk groups. It is important to note that PKD1 mutation and elevated blood pressure were higher in the high-risk groups stratified by age and kidney volume. Our results need to be confirmed in further studies

Design, Performance, and Calibration of the CMS Hadron-Outer Calorimeter

The CMS hadron calorimeter is a sampling calorimeter with brass absorber and plastic scintillator tiles with wavelength shifting fibres for carrying the light to the readout device. The barrel hadron calorimeter is complemented with an outer calorimeter to ensure high energy shower containment in the calorimeter. Fabrication, testing and calibration of the outer hadron calorimeter are carried out keeping in mind its importance in the energy measurement of jets in view of linearity and resolution. It will provide a net improvement in missing \et measurements at LHC energies. The outer hadron calorimeter will also be used for the muon trigger in coincidence with other muon chambers in CMS

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Search for stop and higgsino production using diphoton Higgs boson decays

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top-quark (stop) and the Higgs boson (higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the stop mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the higgsino mass

Severe early onset preeclampsia: short and long term clinical, psychosocial and biochemical aspects

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder commonly defined as de novo hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestational age. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies and it is still a major cause of both foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide1. As extensive research has not yet elucidated the aetiology of preeclampsia, there are no rational preventive or therapeutic interventions available. The only rational treatment is delivery, which benefits the mother but is not in the interest of the foetus, if remote from term. Early onset preeclampsia (<32 weeks’ gestational age) occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies. It is, however often associated with maternal morbidity as the risk of progression to severe maternal disease is inversely related with gestational age at onset2. Resulting prematurity is therefore the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in patients with severe preeclampsia3. Although the discussion is ongoing, perinatal survival is suggested to be increased in patients with preterm preeclampsia by expectant, non-interventional management. This temporising treatment option to lengthen pregnancy includes the use of antihypertensive medication to control hypertension, magnesium sulphate to prevent eclampsia and corticosteroids to enhance foetal lung maturity4. With optimal maternal haemodynamic status and reassuring foetal condition this results on average in an extension of 2 weeks. Prolongation of these pregnancies is a great challenge for clinicians to balance between potential maternal risks on one the eve hand and possible foetal benefits on the other. Clinical controversies regarding prolongation of preterm preeclamptic pregnancies still exist – also taking into account that preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the Netherlands5 - a debate which is even more pronounced in very preterm pregnancies with questionable foetal viability6-9. Do maternal risks of prolongation of these very early pregnancies outweigh the chances of neonatal survival? Counselling of women with very early onset preeclampsia not only comprises of knowledge of the outcome of those particular pregnancies, but also knowledge of outcomes of future pregnancies of these women is of major clinical importance. This thesis opens with a review of the literature on identifiable risk factors of preeclampsia

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio