Revisión taxonómica de las especies de la serie Corymbosae (Mikania, Asteraceae) en Colombia

La subtribu monogenérica Mikaniinae (Asteraceae) es la más grande dentro de las Eupatorieae; su género tipo, Mikania Willd. comprende aproximadamente 450 especies. En Colombia se ha documentado la presencia de cerca de 63 especies distribuidas desde el nivel de mar hasta los bosques andinos y páramos a 4000 m de altura. La mayor concentración de especies se registra en elevaciones medias, entre 1000 y 2500 m de elevación. Se presenta el estudio taxonómico de las especies de la serie Corymbosae presentes en Colombia. Con base en trabajo de campo y de herbario, se evaluaron los caracteres morfológicos diagnósticos tradicionalmente usados para la definición de las especies de la serie Corymbosae, en particular los relacionados con las capitulescencias. Entre los resultados más relevantes se presenta la caracterización morfológica y la revisión taxonómica de 17 especies pertenecientes a esta serie, incluida una nueva especie. Además, se proporciona información de la distribución geográfica de las especies en el país. El tratamiento incluye una clave de identificación taxonómica y descripciones de cada especie, acompañadas de las sinonimias pertinentes, mapas de distribución, comentarios taxonómicos, ilustraciones y microfotografías. La nueva especie descrita hasta ahora ha sido recolectada en el Páramo de Frontino en la Cordillera Occidental de Colombia. Adicionalmente, los siguientes nombres fueron lectotipificados: M. amblyolepis, M, cordifolia, M. guaco, M. lloenis, M. micrantha, M. parviflora, M. popayanenesis y M. trinitaria. De acuerdo con los registros disponibles, 15 especies de Mikania son de distribución restringida para el país; de éstas, la mitad hacen parte de la serie Corymbosae s.l. Todas estas especies, excepto M. dictyophylla, habitan en una única región biogeográfica por lo que se trata de especies con áreas de distribución restringida. Tres de éstas especies se encuentran categorizadas En Peligro y una En Peligro Crítico, lo que las convierte en elementos de conservación local.Abstract The monogeneric subtribe Mikaniinae (Asteraceae) is the largest within the Eupatorieae; the type genus, Mikania Willd. comprises about 450 species. In Colombia, there has been documented the presence of about 63 species distributed from the sea level up to the Andean forests and páramos at 4000 m elevation. The highest concentration of species occurs at mid elevations, between 1000 and 2500 m. Here, the taxonomic study of the species present in Colombia ser. Corymbosae is presented. Based on fieldwork and herbarium specimens, diagnostic morphological characters traditionally used to define species of ser. Corymbosae, particularly those related to capitulescences, are revisited. As a result, the morphological characterization and the taxonomic revision of 17 species belonging to this series, included a new species are, here presented. Additional information on the geographic distribution of species in the country is provided. The present monograph includes a species–level key for taxonomic identification and descriptions of each species, which are accompanied by the relevant synonyms, distribution maps, taxonomic comments, illustrations and photomicrographs. The new species of Mikania, known until now from the páramo of Frontino in the Western Cordillera of Colombia, is decribed. Additionally, the following names are lectotypified M. amblyolepis, M, cordifolia, M. guaco, M. lloenis, M. micrantha, M. parviflora, M. popayanenesis y M. trinitaria. According to all available records, 15 species of Mikania are restricted to Colombia; half of these species are part of the series Corymbosae s.l. All these species, except M. dictyophylla, are restricted to a single biogeographic region and three of them are categorized as Endangered and Critically Endangered, which turns them into critical elements for local conservation.Maestrí

Integración de Repositorios Digitales para la Gestión del Conocimiento en el ámbito universitario Colombiano

This article presents the steps to realize the changes of integration and migration of information of digital repositories in different platforms of Open Source (Open Source) in order to guarantee the standardization of any proper informatic solutions of the Universities of High School (UHS). In addition to improving the access to the application preventing persons not authorized to the UHS from registering inside the system. Addition to this problem, it exists the one that hasappearing inside the Information Technologies and the Communications (ITCs), with the heyday of information that is registered second to second on a global scale by the phenomenon of the Web 2.0 [9]. Information that in most cases cannot be re-used so much by research centers and/or academic sector after there did not exist suitable informatic tools that allow to centralize the knowledge management in a certain place and of way specialized according to the different Basic Nuclei of the Knowledge (BNK) that exist inside the educational sector [5], without forgetting also the costs in the licenses of software that could exist. Although the movements of the free software [6] 7] and with the open source [8], which must not make a mistake, they have provided some informatic tools for the knowledge management; in most cases this tools cannot integrate between themselves with other information systems who has an UHS, due to few documentation that exists and/or to the only specification started to a certain computer language and/or engine of database and/or technological platform with which they were developed, between others. Forcing that in a certain UHS has to realize different implementations decentralized with redundant information in his information systems, without these being synchronized with other informatic solutions that the same institution has.Este artículo presenta los pasos para realizar los cambios de integración y migración de información de los repositorios digitales en diversas plataformas de código abierto (Open Source) con el fin de garantizar la estandarización de las soluciones informáticas propias de las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES). Además de mejorar el acceso a la aplicación impendiendo que personas no autorizadas a la IES se registren dentro del sistema. Adición a este problema, existe el que se viene presentando dentro de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TICs), con el auge de información que es registrada segundo a segundo a nivel mundial por el fenómeno de la Web 2.0 [9]. Información que en la mayoría de los casos no puede ser reutilizada tanto por centros de investigación y/o sector académico al no existir adecuadas herramientas informáticas que permitan centralizar la gestión del conocimiento en un determinado sitio y de manera especializada según los diferentes Núcleos Básicos del Conocimiento (NBC) que existen dentro del sector educativo [5], sin olvidar además los costos en las licencias de software que puedan existir. Pese a que los movimientos del software libre [6][7] y del código abierto [8], los que no se deben confundir, hayan suministrado algunas herramientas informáticas para la gestión del conocimiento; en la mayoría de los casos estas herramientas no se pueden integrar entre sí con otros sistemas de información que tenga una IES, debido a la poca documentación que existe y/o a la especificación única dada a un determinado lenguaje de programación y/o motor de base de datos y/o plataforma tecnológica con que fueron desarrollados, entre otros. Obligando a que en una determinada IES tenga que realizar diferentes implementaciones descentralizadas con información redundante en sus sistemas de información, sin que éstas estén sincronizadas con otras soluciones informáticas que tenga la misma institución

Páramo Calamagrostis s.l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in páramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia

Calamagrostis (syn. Deyeuxia), as traditionally circumscribed, is one of the most speciose genera from páramo grasslands of northwest South America and southern Central America and often dominates these high-elevation habitats. However, it remains difficult for researchers to accurately identify the species due to a lack of floristic treatments for most of the countries containing páramo, with the distribution of many species still very poorly known. In an effort to ameliorate this, we present an updated list and identification keys in English and Spanish (as electronic appendix) to the species of Calamagrostis s.l. known or likely to occur in the páramos of Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Costa Rica and Panama. Fifty-four species are accepted, constituting 47 species currently circumscribed in Calamagrostis and seven species recently transferred to Deschampsia. Included within this are two new species, Calamagrostis crispifolius and Deschampsia santamartensis, which are described and illustrated. Both new species are found in páramos of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (departamento Magdalena), on the northernmost tip of Colombia, with C. crispifolius also found in the Serrania de Perija on the border with Venezuela. Calamagrostis crispifolius differs from all other species of Calamagrostis s.l. by the presence of strongly curled, readily deciduous leaf blades, amongst numerous other characteristics including open inflorescences with generally patent branches, small spikelets, (3.5–)4–5.5 mm long, with sessile florets and a rachilla prolongation reaching from 2/3 to almost the apex of the lemma, with short hairs (< 1 mm long). Deschampsia santamartensis is similar to Deschampsia hackelii (=Calamagrostis hackelii) from austral South America but differs by its broad, rigid and erect, strongly conduplicate blades, 1.5–2.5 mm wide when folded, ligules of innovations 0.5–1 mm long, truncate or obtuse, ligules of upper flowering culms 3–4 mm long, broadly shouldered with an attenuate central point, ellipsoid spike-like panicle, 3–5.5 long × 1.5–2.5 cm wide, lemma surfaces moderately to lightly scabrous between the veins, lemma apex acute to muticous, entire, rachilla extension often absent and inside of the floret often with hyaline shiny sinuous trichomes to 1 mm long, emerging from the base of the ovary. We also present a broader circumscription of the common species Deschampsia podophora (=Calamagrostis podophora), with the new variety D. podophora var. mutica described and illustrated. Deschampsia podophora var. mutica principally differs from var. podophora by florets lacking awns and larger habit i.e. multiple taller culms with longer and wider leaf blades forming tussocks, with inflorescences often held within sheaths. Nomenclatural changes are presented, with Deyeuxia macrostachya newly synonymised under C. macrophylla and C. pittieri, C. pubescens and Deyeuxia pubescens newly synonimised under C. planifolia. Lectotypes are designated for Agrostis antoniana, Calamagrostis pisinna, Deyeuxia macrostachya and Deyeuxia sodiroana. We also document and give notes on five new records of Calamagrostis for Colombia: C. carchiensis, C. guamanensis, C. heterophylla, C. pisinna and C. rigida

Plasmodium falciparum and helminth coinfections Increase IgE and parasite-specific IgG responses

Coinfection with Plasmodium falciparum and helminths may impact the immune response to these parasites because they induce different immune profiles. We studied the effects of coinfections on the antibody profile in a cohort of 715 Mozambican children and adults using the Luminex technology with a panel of 16 antigens from P. falciparum and 11 antigens from helminths (Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis, and Schistosoma spp.) and measured antigen-specific IgG and total IgE responses. We compared the antibody profile between groups defined by P. falciparum and helminth previous exposure (based on serology) and/or current infection (determined by microscopy and/or qPCR). In multivariable regression models adjusted by demographic, socioeconomic, water, and sanitation variables, individuals exposed/infected with P. falciparum and helminths had significantly higher total IgE and antigen-specific IgG levels, magnitude (sum of all levels) and breadth of response to both types of parasites compared to individuals exposed/infected with only one type of parasite (P ≤ 0.05). There was a positive association between exposure/infection with P. falciparum and exposure/infection with helminths or the number of helminth species, and vice versa (P ≤ 0.001). In addition, children coexposed/coinfected tended (P = 0.062) to have higher P. falciparum parasitemia than those single exposed/infected. Our results suggest that an increase in the antibody responses in coexposed/coinfected individuals may reflect higher exposure and be due to a more permissive immune environment to infection in the host. IMPORTANCE Coinfection with Plasmodium falciparum and helminths may impact the immune response to these parasites because they induce different immune profiles. We compared the antibody profile between groups of Mozambican individuals defined by P. falciparum and helminth previous exposure and/or current infection. Our results show a significant increase in antibody responses in individuals coexposed/coinfected with P. falciparum and helminths in comparison with individuals exposed/infected with only one of these parasites, and suggest that this increase is due to a more permissive immune environment to infection in the host. Importantly, this study takes previous exposure into account, which is particularly relevant in endemic areas where continuous infections imprint and shape the immune system. Deciphering the implications of coinfections deserves attention because accounting for the real interactions that occur in nature could improve the design of integrated disease control strategies

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

Mendelian Randomisation Confirms the Role of Y-Chromosome Loss in Alzheimer’s Disease Aetiopathogenesis in Men

Mosaic loss of chromosome Y (mLOY) is a common ageing-related somatic event and has been previously associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, mLOY estimation from genotype microarray data only reflects the mLOY degree of subjects at the moment of DNA sampling. Therefore, mLOY phenotype associations with AD can be severely age-confounded in the context of genome-wide association studies. Here, we applied Mendelian randomisation to construct an age-independent mLOY polygenic risk score (mloy-PRS) using 114 autosomal variants. The mloy-PRS instrument was associated with an 80% increase in mLOY risk per standard deviation unit (p = 4.22 × 10−20) and was orthogonal with age. We found that a higher genetic risk for mLOY was associated with faster progression to AD in men with mild cognitive impairment (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.23, p = 0.01). Importantly, mloy-PRS had no effect on AD conversion or risk in the female group, suggesting that these associations are caused by the inherent loss of the Y chromosome. Additionally, the blood mLOY phenotype in men was associated with increased cerebrospinal fluid levels of total tau and phosphorylated tau181 in subjects with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Our results strongly suggest that mLOY is involved in AD pathogenesis.P.G.-G. (Pablo García-González) is supported by CIBERNED employment plan CNV-304-PRF-866. CIBERNED is integrated into ISCIII (Instituto de Salud Carlos III). I.d.R is supported by a national grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III FI20/00215. A.C. (Amanda Cano) acknowledges the support of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities under the grant Juan de la Cierva (FJC2018-036012-I). M.B. (Mercé Boada) and A.R. (Agustín Ruiz) are also supported by national grants PI13/02434, PI16/01861, PI17/01474, PI19/01240, and PI19/01301. The Genome Research @ Fundació ACE project (GR@ACE) is supported by Grifols SA, Fundación bancaria “La Caixa”, Fundació ACE, and CIBERNED. Acción Estratégica en Salud is integrated into the Spanish National R + D + I Plan and funded by ISCIII (Instituto de Salud Carlos III)—Subdirección General de Evaluación—and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER—“Una manera de hacer Europa”). Genotyping of the ACE MCI-EADB samples was performed in the context of EADB (European Alzheimer DNA biobank) funded by the JPco-fuND FP-829-029 (ZonMW project number 733051061). This work was supported by a grant (European Alzheimer DNA BioBank, EADB) from the EU Joint Program—Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND). Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Obstetric outcomes of sars-cov-2 infection in asymptomatic pregnant women

Altres ajuts: Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)Around two percent of asymptomatic women in labor test positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Spain. Families and care providers face childbirth with uncertainty. We determined if SARS-CoV-2 infection at delivery among asymptomatic mothers had different obstetric outcomes compared to negative patients. This was a multicenter prospective study based on universal antenatal screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 42 hospitals tested women admitted for delivery using polymerase chain reaction, from March to May 2020. We included positive mothers and a sample of negative mothers asymptomatic throughout the antenatal period, with 6-week postpartum follow-up. Association between SARS-CoV-2 and obstetric outcomes was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analyses. In total, 174 asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnancies were compared with 430 asymptomatic negative pregnancies. No differences were observed between both groups in key maternal and neonatal outcomes at delivery and follow-up, with the exception of prelabor rupture of membranes at term (adjusted odds ratio 1.88, 95% confidence interval 1.13-3.11; p = 0.015). Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers have higher odds of prelabor rupture of membranes at term, without an increase in perinatal complications, compared to negative mothers. Pregnant women testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 at admission for delivery should be reassured by their healthcare workers in the absence of symptoms

The origin and speciation of orchids

SummaryOrchids constitute one of the most spectacular radiations of flowering plants. However, their origin, spread across the globe, and hotspots of speciation remain uncertain due to the lack of an up-to-date phylogeographic analysis.We present a new Orchidaceae phylogeny based on combined high-throughput and Sanger sequencing data, covering all five subfamilies, 17/22 tribes, 40/49 subtribes, 285/736 genera, and c. 7% (1921) of the 29 524 accepted species, and use it to infer geographic range evolution, diversity, and speciation patterns by adding curated geographical distributions from the World Checklist of Vascular Plants.The orchids' most recent common ancestor is inferred to have lived in Late Cretaceous Laurasia. The modern range of Apostasioideae, which comprises two genera with 16 species from India to northern Australia, is interpreted as relictual, similar to that of numerous other groups that went extinct at higher latitudes following the global climate cooling during the Oligocene. Despite their ancient origin, modern orchid species diversity mainly originated over the last 5 Ma, with the highest speciation rates in Panama and Costa Rica.These results alter our understanding of the geographic origin of orchids, previously proposed as Australian, and pinpoint Central America as a region of recent, explosive speciation

Predictive Power of the "Trigger Tool" for the detection of adverse events in general surgery: a multicenter observational validation study

Background In spite of the global implementation of standardized surgical safety checklists and evidence-based practices, general surgery remains associated with a high residual risk of preventable perioperative complications and adverse events. This study was designed to validate the hypothesis that a new “Trigger Tool” represents a sensitive predictor of adverse events in general surgery. Methods An observational multicenter validation study was performed among 31 hospitals in Spain. The previously described “Trigger Tool” based on 40 specific triggers was applied to validate the predictive power of predicting adverse events in the perioperative care of surgical patients. A prediction model was used by means of a binary logistic regression analysis. Results The prevalence of adverse events among a total of 1,132 surgical cases included in this study was 31.53%. The “Trigger Tool” had a sensitivity and specificity of 86.27% and 79.55% respectively for predicting these adverse events. A total of 12 selected triggers of overall 40 triggers were identified for optimizing the predictive power of the “Trigger Tool”. Conclusions The “Trigger Tool” has a high predictive capacity for predicting adverse events in surgical procedures. We recommend a revision of the original 40 triggers to 12 selected triggers to optimize the predictive power of this tool, which will have to be validated in future studies

Ciencias Sociales: Economía y Humanidades HANDBOOK T-I

Se presenta un breve examen de la producción y comercialización de rosa en México; un estudio en México sobre el ingreso mínimo de las familias que identifica la línea de pobreza alimentaria en el área rural del sur de México, 2012; un pequeño estudio donde hablará sobre el análisis comparado del Sector Gubernamental y la Economía Mexicana desde la perspectiva de los eslabonamientos productivos Hirshman-Rasmuss; un estudio sobre los canales de comercialización de limón persa en el municipio de Martínez de la Torre, Veracruz; una análisis del comercio estratégico en el TLCAN: El Estado en la política agrícola de biocombustibles; también se expresan acerca de la importancia de la comercialización del café en México; un diagnóstico, retos del comercio electrónico en el Sector Agroindustrial Mexicano; trabajo nos muestra y habla sobre la inversión extranjera directa y su impacto en crecimiento de México, un análisis en prospectiva: 1999-2010; un estudio acerca sobre la importancia de la Banca en México; un trabajo acerca de la competitividad de la producción agrícola en México, un análisis regional; se analizan todo acerca de el SIAL productor de quesos en Poxtla, competividad y territorio; se habla acerca de la intermediación financiera al servicio de la comunidad indígena: el fondo regional indígena Tarhiata Keri; ademas un estudio acerca de la demanda de Importaciones de durazno (Prunus pérsica L. Batsch) en México procedentes de Estados Unidos de América (1982-2011); Loera y Sepúlveda analizan los parámetros de la productividad forestal en la producción de madera en rollo; un análisis de factores sociales, ambientales y económicos del territorio rural cercano a la ciudad de México; un estudio acerca de la crisis económica mundial y su efecto sobre los flujos migratorios de América Latina; Magadán, Hernández y Escalona presentan la tipología de los sujetos sociales que intervienen en el mercado campesino de Ocotlán Oaxaca; la normalización del proceso de compostaje: una opción para desarrollar el mercado de la composta; acerca de la reestructuración del capitalismo y crisis política en México; la rentabilidad de la producción de miel en el municipio de León, Guanjuato; la economía del maíz en la región metropolitana, Chiapas, 2014; análisis de los centros de educación y cultura ambiental, necesidad de profesionalización Pedagógica de facilitadores ambientales; los Costos y competitividad de la producción del limón persa en el municipio de Martínez de la Torre, Veracruz